Broussonetia kazinoki×Broussonetia papyrifera(ZJGS)is a hybrid species in Moraceae family,which has a very complicated hybrid origin.The excellent characteristics of fast growth,strong soil and water conservation...Broussonetia kazinoki×Broussonetia papyrifera(ZJGS)is a hybrid species in Moraceae family,which has a very complicated hybrid origin.The excellent characteristics of fast growth,strong soil and water conservation ability,high leaf protein content and stem fiber content in ZJGS make it both ecological benefits in the mining area and economically valuable.This study aims to further understand ZJGS and other Moraceae taxa through the ZJGS chloroplast(cp)genome structure and the comparison with 12 closely related Moraceae species.Among the 13 Moraceae species,the cp genome length of seven Broussonetia species(ranges from 160,239 bp to 162,594 bp)is larger than that of six Morus species(ranges from 158,459 bp to 159,265 bp).Among the 77 shared protein-coding genes(PCGs)in Moraceae species,the obvious positive selection of Ka/Ks ratios acted on petD and rpl16 genes of B.kazinoki and B.papyrifera,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis based on shared PCGs from 28 species shows that ZJGS is closely related to maternal B.kazinoki.These findings provide data support for the origin of ZJGS hybridization and provide genomic resources for future ZJGS resource development and molecular breeding.展开更多
Darwin’s finches are the most classic case of evolution.Early studies on the evolution of this species were mainly based on morphology.Until now,the mitochondrial genome of Geospiza magnirostris has been sequenced an...Darwin’s finches are the most classic case of evolution.Early studies on the evolution of this species were mainly based on morphology.Until now,the mitochondrial genome of Geospiza magnirostris has been sequenced and the study explored the characteristics of the complete genome of G.magnirostris and verified the evolutionary position of it.The 13 PCGs initiated by ATN codons.The stop codons of three PCGs(ND2,COX3 and ND4)were incomplete,with only T-or TA-replacing complete form TAA or TAG.All the tRNA genes expressed a typical cloverleaf secondary structure,except for tRNA^(Ser1)(AGY),whose dihydrouridine(DHU)arm was lack and instead with a simple loop.In the sequence of the control region of G.magnirostris,we found six simple repeat tandem sequences with a total length of 42 bp.Two characteristic conserved overlapping junction(ATGCTAA)and(CAAGAAAG)were observed as reported for eight selected Passeriformes birds.A special conserved overlapping junction(ATCTTACC)involved in mitochondrial transcription termination was found between tRNA^(Tyr) and COX1 in G.magnirostris’s control region.Four most frequently used amino acids in G.magnirostris’s PCGs were Leu1(CUN),Ile,Thr,Ala.The codon usage of G.magnirostris was relatively average,and there was no particular bias.The ratio Ka/Ks results showed that G.magnirostris receives less natural selection pressure.The phylogenetic relationships and cluster analysis of relative codon usage showed that G.magnirostris and Thraupis episcopus clustered in one branch.The phylogenetic position of G.magnirostris was consistent with the traditional taxonomic of Thraupis.The results supported the conclusion that G.magnirostris belongs to the morphological classification of the family Thraupidae.展开更多
Delivery and weaning are major stressful events in sows and piglets,adversely affecting production and growth performance and causing economic losses to swine farms.Probiotics as safe antibiotic alternatives have grea...Delivery and weaning are major stressful events in sows and piglets,adversely affecting production and growth performance and causing economic losses to swine farms.Probiotics as safe antibiotic alternatives have great potential for use across all stages of livestock farming.Here,18 pregnant sows from clinical farms randomly were divided into two groups:one fed a basal diet(CON group)and the other fed a basal diet plus a probiotic mixture CBB-mix(containing 1×10^(12) CFU/g of Lactobacillus johnsonii[CJ21],1×10^(9) CFU/g of Bacillus subtilis[BS15],and 1×10^(9) CFU/g of Bacillus licheniformis[BL21]),for 20 days before delivery.The effects of maternal CBB-mix supplementation on sow colostrum metabolome and offspring piglets'clinical performance,immune status,and gut microbiota were investigated.Additionally,177 piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups,including CC group(piglets and sows fed a basal diet,n=40 from 5 litters),CP group(piglets fed the basal diet plus CBB-mix and sows fed the basal diet,n=38 from 4 litters),PC group(piglets fed the basal diet and sows fed the basal diet plus CBB-mix,n=50 from 4 litters),and PP group(both piglets and sows fed the basal diet plus CBB-mix,n=49 from 5 litters).Among that,CP and PP groups were added CBB-mix in the creep feed from 11 days of age for 18 days to study the direct effects of CBB-mix on the growth performance of piglets.Maternal CBB-mix supplementation improved sow production performance,including litter size at birth and litter weight at birth(P<0.05).Piglets born from CBB-mix-fed sows exhibited increased litter size at weaning and reduced diarrhea incidence from 1 to 10 days of age(P<0.05).Additionally,systemic immune status and antioxidant capabilities were improved in both sows and piglets.Maternal CBB-mix supplementation reconstituted the gut microbiota structure and increased the Sobs index and Shannon index of fecal microbiota in both sows and piglets(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Clostridium_sensu_stricro_1 in sow feces was decreased after feeding CBB-mix(P<0.05).In piglets,10-dayold feces had relatively more Lactobacillus but less Escherichia-Shigella than 1-day-old feces(P<0.05),indicating that maternal feeding CBB-mix alone affects the gut microbiota community of offspring piglets via the gut-breast axis.Piglets born from CBB-mix-fed sows had continuously decreased the relative abundance of fecal Escherichia-Shigella at 28 days of age(P<0.05).Consistently,the metabolite profile in sow milk was also changed by CBB-mix.Colostrum metabolome showed that CBB-mix significantly regulated tryptophan metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis.Our data demonstrated that maternal CBB-mix supplementation effectively improved the production performance of sows and their offsprings'growth performance.Through the gut-breast axis(interaction between gut microbiota and mammary glands),feeding CBB-mix to sows impacted the gut microbiota of their offspring.This study provides strategy and evidence for maternal probiotic supplementation to improve immune status and gut microbiota homeostasis in response to delivery and weaning.展开更多
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.2019JJ50027]China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[Grant No.2020M683592]+1 种基金Key Projects of National Forestry and Grassland Bureau[Grant No.201801]Scientific Innovation Fund for Post-graduates of Central South University of Forestry and Technology[Grant No.CX20191004].
文摘Broussonetia kazinoki×Broussonetia papyrifera(ZJGS)is a hybrid species in Moraceae family,which has a very complicated hybrid origin.The excellent characteristics of fast growth,strong soil and water conservation ability,high leaf protein content and stem fiber content in ZJGS make it both ecological benefits in the mining area and economically valuable.This study aims to further understand ZJGS and other Moraceae taxa through the ZJGS chloroplast(cp)genome structure and the comparison with 12 closely related Moraceae species.Among the 13 Moraceae species,the cp genome length of seven Broussonetia species(ranges from 160,239 bp to 162,594 bp)is larger than that of six Morus species(ranges from 158,459 bp to 159,265 bp).Among the 77 shared protein-coding genes(PCGs)in Moraceae species,the obvious positive selection of Ka/Ks ratios acted on petD and rpl16 genes of B.kazinoki and B.papyrifera,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis based on shared PCGs from 28 species shows that ZJGS is closely related to maternal B.kazinoki.These findings provide data support for the origin of ZJGS hybridization and provide genomic resources for future ZJGS resource development and molecular breeding.
基金The study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.U20A20118]College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Shannxi Province[Grant No.S202010712295].
文摘Darwin’s finches are the most classic case of evolution.Early studies on the evolution of this species were mainly based on morphology.Until now,the mitochondrial genome of Geospiza magnirostris has been sequenced and the study explored the characteristics of the complete genome of G.magnirostris and verified the evolutionary position of it.The 13 PCGs initiated by ATN codons.The stop codons of three PCGs(ND2,COX3 and ND4)were incomplete,with only T-or TA-replacing complete form TAA or TAG.All the tRNA genes expressed a typical cloverleaf secondary structure,except for tRNA^(Ser1)(AGY),whose dihydrouridine(DHU)arm was lack and instead with a simple loop.In the sequence of the control region of G.magnirostris,we found six simple repeat tandem sequences with a total length of 42 bp.Two characteristic conserved overlapping junction(ATGCTAA)and(CAAGAAAG)were observed as reported for eight selected Passeriformes birds.A special conserved overlapping junction(ATCTTACC)involved in mitochondrial transcription termination was found between tRNA^(Tyr) and COX1 in G.magnirostris’s control region.Four most frequently used amino acids in G.magnirostris’s PCGs were Leu1(CUN),Ile,Thr,Ala.The codon usage of G.magnirostris was relatively average,and there was no particular bias.The ratio Ka/Ks results showed that G.magnirostris receives less natural selection pressure.The phylogenetic relationships and cluster analysis of relative codon usage showed that G.magnirostris and Thraupis episcopus clustered in one branch.The phylogenetic position of G.magnirostris was consistent with the traditional taxonomic of Thraupis.The results supported the conclusion that G.magnirostris belongs to the morphological classification of the family Thraupidae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.32002351 and 31873034)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Project No.ZDYF2023XDNY038)the National Key R&D Program of China(Project No.2023YFC3404301 and 2023YFD1801100).
文摘Delivery and weaning are major stressful events in sows and piglets,adversely affecting production and growth performance and causing economic losses to swine farms.Probiotics as safe antibiotic alternatives have great potential for use across all stages of livestock farming.Here,18 pregnant sows from clinical farms randomly were divided into two groups:one fed a basal diet(CON group)and the other fed a basal diet plus a probiotic mixture CBB-mix(containing 1×10^(12) CFU/g of Lactobacillus johnsonii[CJ21],1×10^(9) CFU/g of Bacillus subtilis[BS15],and 1×10^(9) CFU/g of Bacillus licheniformis[BL21]),for 20 days before delivery.The effects of maternal CBB-mix supplementation on sow colostrum metabolome and offspring piglets'clinical performance,immune status,and gut microbiota were investigated.Additionally,177 piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups,including CC group(piglets and sows fed a basal diet,n=40 from 5 litters),CP group(piglets fed the basal diet plus CBB-mix and sows fed the basal diet,n=38 from 4 litters),PC group(piglets fed the basal diet and sows fed the basal diet plus CBB-mix,n=50 from 4 litters),and PP group(both piglets and sows fed the basal diet plus CBB-mix,n=49 from 5 litters).Among that,CP and PP groups were added CBB-mix in the creep feed from 11 days of age for 18 days to study the direct effects of CBB-mix on the growth performance of piglets.Maternal CBB-mix supplementation improved sow production performance,including litter size at birth and litter weight at birth(P<0.05).Piglets born from CBB-mix-fed sows exhibited increased litter size at weaning and reduced diarrhea incidence from 1 to 10 days of age(P<0.05).Additionally,systemic immune status and antioxidant capabilities were improved in both sows and piglets.Maternal CBB-mix supplementation reconstituted the gut microbiota structure and increased the Sobs index and Shannon index of fecal microbiota in both sows and piglets(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Clostridium_sensu_stricro_1 in sow feces was decreased after feeding CBB-mix(P<0.05).In piglets,10-dayold feces had relatively more Lactobacillus but less Escherichia-Shigella than 1-day-old feces(P<0.05),indicating that maternal feeding CBB-mix alone affects the gut microbiota community of offspring piglets via the gut-breast axis.Piglets born from CBB-mix-fed sows had continuously decreased the relative abundance of fecal Escherichia-Shigella at 28 days of age(P<0.05).Consistently,the metabolite profile in sow milk was also changed by CBB-mix.Colostrum metabolome showed that CBB-mix significantly regulated tryptophan metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis.Our data demonstrated that maternal CBB-mix supplementation effectively improved the production performance of sows and their offsprings'growth performance.Through the gut-breast axis(interaction between gut microbiota and mammary glands),feeding CBB-mix to sows impacted the gut microbiota of their offspring.This study provides strategy and evidence for maternal probiotic supplementation to improve immune status and gut microbiota homeostasis in response to delivery and weaning.
