Soybean agglutinin(SBA)is an important anti-nutritional factor in soybean.SBA can induce animal growth inhibition,cause pathological changes of intestinal tissue,and decrease in the immune system functioning.Recently,...Soybean agglutinin(SBA)is an important anti-nutritional factor in soybean.SBA can induce animal growth inhibition,cause pathological changes of intestinal tissue,and decrease in the immune system functioning.Recently,a great deal of research has been done on the effects of SBA on cell morphology,division,apoptosis,autophagy,as well as the correlated signal transduction pathway.This review mainly covers the chemical and biological characteristics of SBA,describes the multifaceted aspects of SBA anti-nutritional functions,and highlights the possible cellular and molecular mechanism of anti-nutritional effects of SBA.This review has important implications for the prevention and treatment of SBA-induced diseases,drug development,processing techniques of plant products,prevention of food-borne toxins,as well as human and animal health protection.展开更多
Ambient temperature is an important factor affecting metabolic processes in animals,and its effect on energy metabolism is becoming more evident.Yet,integrative analysis of energy metabolism in finishing pigs at diffe...Ambient temperature is an important factor affecting metabolic processes in animals,and its effect on energy metabolism is becoming more evident.Yet,integrative analysis of energy metabolism in finishing pigs at different combinations of ambient temperature,energy density and energy sources,still remain underexplored.In order to determine the special characteristics of energy metabolism of finishing pigs in low-temperature environment,the effects of different combinations of ambient temperature,energy density,and energy source on underlying mechanisms were elucidated by assessing energy metabolism using integrative indirect calorimetry and non-targeted plasma metabolomics analyses.Thirty-two finishing pigs(Duroc×Large White×Landrace)with similar body weight of 85.44±2.04 kg were allotted in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement(8 treatment groups,4 replicates per group,1 pig per replicate),which included two ambient temperatures(low temperature[10℃]and normal temperature[20℃]),two energy densities(normal energy density[NE,14.02 MJ/kg]and high energe density[HE,15.14 MJ/kg]),and two energy sources(low-oil source and high-oil source).The experiment period lasted 11 days.Increasing the energy density of the diet by adding oil changed the energy source in a low-temperature environment,improved crude fat digestibility(P<0.001),and reduced the feed/gain ratio of pigs(P=0.004),with a tendency for higher average daily gain(P=0.098),which would increase energy utilization.Adding oil to the diet altered energy sources at low temperature,reducing carbon dioxide emission by 3.10%,increasing energy retention and fat oxidation(P<0.05).Further,optimizing energy sources by adding oil significantly improved serum glucose(GLU)content(P<0.001)and reduced urea nitrogen(UN)content at normal temperature(P<0.001),with the same trend observed at low temperature.The metabolites in the eight groups were mainly enriched in the sphingolipid signaling pathway,insulin resistance,and glycerophospholipid metabolism(P<0.05).Energy metabolism in finishing pigs was not only affected by ambient temperature and energy density,but also by energy source,leading to variations in metabolic pathways for different energy substances.Increasing the dietary energy density by increasing oil supplementation at low temperature is an effective way to improve the growth performance of finishing pigs while reducing pollutant emissions.The study provides a new solution for optimizing energy nutrition for finishing pigs in low-temperature environment.展开更多
Although the protein content of swine diets is formulated based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids(AA)under current nutrition requirements,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of swine varies based o...Although the protein content of swine diets is formulated based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids(AA)under current nutrition requirements,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of swine varies based on protein source,which may be related to AA release kinetics.In this experiment,a 2×2 factorial arrangement with casein(CAS)-enriched or corn gluten meal(CGM)-enriched protein sources at different digestible crude protein levels(normal[N],13%;and low[L],11%)were applied to 24 crossbred(DurocLandraceYorkshire)growing pigs(average body weight=43.3±3.5 kg)in 4 treatments(N.CAS,L.CAS,N.CGM,L.CGM,respectively)to investigate the effects of AA release kinetics on nitrogen deposition in growing pigs.Standardized ileal digestible AA in all diets were balanced by adding individual AA to meet the nutrient requirements.The AA release kinetics were detected in vitro by measuring the hydrolysis of various protein diets under pepsin and trypsin conditions.The results demonstrated that the time of AA release peak in the CGM diet was 12 h later than that in the CAS diet.The synchronization indices of dietary AA release in N.CAS,N.CGM,L.CAS,and L.CGM were 23.73%,29.37%,23.40%,and 26.07%,respectively.The N.CGM had the poorest AA release synchronism while the N.CAS had the greatest among the 4 diets.However,within the pigs,L.CAS and N.CGM showed the highest(81.08%)and lowest(73.54%)nitrogen biological values,respectively,despite the standard ileal digestible AA levels being equal for all diets.These results indicate that the release kinetics of dietary AA had great effect on nitrogen deposition.To optimize nitrogen deposition,AA release kinetics and composition should be taken into consideration when formulating diets for growing pigs.展开更多
基金supported by the National NaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.31802093)Fund Project of Jilin Agricultural University(2019019).
文摘Soybean agglutinin(SBA)is an important anti-nutritional factor in soybean.SBA can induce animal growth inhibition,cause pathological changes of intestinal tissue,and decrease in the immune system functioning.Recently,a great deal of research has been done on the effects of SBA on cell morphology,division,apoptosis,autophagy,as well as the correlated signal transduction pathway.This review mainly covers the chemical and biological characteristics of SBA,describes the multifaceted aspects of SBA anti-nutritional functions,and highlights the possible cellular and molecular mechanism of anti-nutritional effects of SBA.This review has important implications for the prevention and treatment of SBA-induced diseases,drug development,processing techniques of plant products,prevention of food-borne toxins,as well as human and animal health protection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20254)the Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program(20230202078NC).
文摘Ambient temperature is an important factor affecting metabolic processes in animals,and its effect on energy metabolism is becoming more evident.Yet,integrative analysis of energy metabolism in finishing pigs at different combinations of ambient temperature,energy density and energy sources,still remain underexplored.In order to determine the special characteristics of energy metabolism of finishing pigs in low-temperature environment,the effects of different combinations of ambient temperature,energy density,and energy source on underlying mechanisms were elucidated by assessing energy metabolism using integrative indirect calorimetry and non-targeted plasma metabolomics analyses.Thirty-two finishing pigs(Duroc×Large White×Landrace)with similar body weight of 85.44±2.04 kg were allotted in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement(8 treatment groups,4 replicates per group,1 pig per replicate),which included two ambient temperatures(low temperature[10℃]and normal temperature[20℃]),two energy densities(normal energy density[NE,14.02 MJ/kg]and high energe density[HE,15.14 MJ/kg]),and two energy sources(low-oil source and high-oil source).The experiment period lasted 11 days.Increasing the energy density of the diet by adding oil changed the energy source in a low-temperature environment,improved crude fat digestibility(P<0.001),and reduced the feed/gain ratio of pigs(P=0.004),with a tendency for higher average daily gain(P=0.098),which would increase energy utilization.Adding oil to the diet altered energy sources at low temperature,reducing carbon dioxide emission by 3.10%,increasing energy retention and fat oxidation(P<0.05).Further,optimizing energy sources by adding oil significantly improved serum glucose(GLU)content(P<0.001)and reduced urea nitrogen(UN)content at normal temperature(P<0.001),with the same trend observed at low temperature.The metabolites in the eight groups were mainly enriched in the sphingolipid signaling pathway,insulin resistance,and glycerophospholipid metabolism(P<0.05).Energy metabolism in finishing pigs was not only affected by ambient temperature and energy density,but also by energy source,leading to variations in metabolic pathways for different energy substances.Increasing the dietary energy density by increasing oil supplementation at low temperature is an effective way to improve the growth performance of finishing pigs while reducing pollutant emissions.The study provides a new solution for optimizing energy nutrition for finishing pigs in low-temperature environment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31572439 and No.31572415)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(No.20160101348JC)the Key technology research and development program of Jilin Province of China(No.20180201018NY).
文摘Although the protein content of swine diets is formulated based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids(AA)under current nutrition requirements,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of swine varies based on protein source,which may be related to AA release kinetics.In this experiment,a 2×2 factorial arrangement with casein(CAS)-enriched or corn gluten meal(CGM)-enriched protein sources at different digestible crude protein levels(normal[N],13%;and low[L],11%)were applied to 24 crossbred(DurocLandraceYorkshire)growing pigs(average body weight=43.3±3.5 kg)in 4 treatments(N.CAS,L.CAS,N.CGM,L.CGM,respectively)to investigate the effects of AA release kinetics on nitrogen deposition in growing pigs.Standardized ileal digestible AA in all diets were balanced by adding individual AA to meet the nutrient requirements.The AA release kinetics were detected in vitro by measuring the hydrolysis of various protein diets under pepsin and trypsin conditions.The results demonstrated that the time of AA release peak in the CGM diet was 12 h later than that in the CAS diet.The synchronization indices of dietary AA release in N.CAS,N.CGM,L.CAS,and L.CGM were 23.73%,29.37%,23.40%,and 26.07%,respectively.The N.CGM had the poorest AA release synchronism while the N.CAS had the greatest among the 4 diets.However,within the pigs,L.CAS and N.CGM showed the highest(81.08%)and lowest(73.54%)nitrogen biological values,respectively,despite the standard ileal digestible AA levels being equal for all diets.These results indicate that the release kinetics of dietary AA had great effect on nitrogen deposition.To optimize nitrogen deposition,AA release kinetics and composition should be taken into consideration when formulating diets for growing pigs.
