Grain soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)shows potential as a forage crop following its introduction from low to high latitudes due to in its growth phenotype.However,the application of this approach is impeded by the diver...Grain soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)shows potential as a forage crop following its introduction from low to high latitudes due to in its growth phenotype.However,the application of this approach is impeded by the diverse ecological types of soybean,their adaptability to the introduction,and the uncertainty surrounding the growth phenotype post-introduction.This study introduced 24 grain soybean varieties from low-latitude regions(22-31°N)to the high-latitude northwestern Loess Plateau(39°N)between 2018 and 2019.The growth phenotypes were observed,and their forage productivity potential was assessed.All varieties displayed delayed flowering following cross-latitude introduction,with the vegetative growth phase of some varieties even exceeding their entire growth duration at their origin.Rapid dry matter accumulation rates indicated growth adaptation performance and formed the basis for soybean forage yield.Varieties from the tropical South China region exhibited significant yield advantages,with dry matter yields of 8.97-14.68 t ha^(-1)and crude protein yields of 1.44-2.51 t ha^(-1).Varieties HX3 and GX7 from this region demonstrated optimal growth adaptability and productivity in the cross-latitude environment,achieving the highest dry matter yields of 14.68 and 13.86 t ha^(-1),respectively.As a result,HX3 and GX7 are recommended for local farming systems to provide high-quality forage.The cross-latitude introduction of soybean is proposed as a viable and efficient strategy for forage improvement and application.展开更多
Naturally occurred precore(PC,G1896A)and/or basal core promoter(BCP,A1762T/G1764A)mutations are prevalent in chronic HBV-infected patients,especially those under HBeAg-negative status.However,the replicative capacity ...Naturally occurred precore(PC,G1896A)and/or basal core promoter(BCP,A1762T/G1764A)mutations are prevalent in chronic HBV-infected patients,especially those under HBeAg-negative status.However,the replicative capacity of HBV with PC/BCP mutations remains ambiguous.Herein,meta-analysis showed that,only under HBeAg-negative status,the serum HBV DNA load in patients with PC mutation was 7.41-fold higher than those without the mutation.Both PC mutation alone and BCPþPC mutations promoted HBV replication in cell and hydrodynamic injection mouse models.In human hepatocyte chimeric mouse model,BCPþPC mutations led to elevated replicative capacity and intrahepatic core protein accumulation.Mechanistically,preC RNA harboring PC mutation could serve as mRNA to express core and P proteins,and such pgRNA-like function favored the maintenance of cccDNA pool under HBeAg-negative status.Additionally,BCPþPC mutations induced more extensive and severe human hepatocyte damage as well as activated endoplasmic reticulum stress and TNF signaling pathway in livers of chimeric mice.This study indicates that HBeAg-negative patients should be monitored on HBV mutations regularly and are expected to receive early antiviral treatment to prevent disease progression.展开更多
Structural color from artificial structures,due to its environmental friendliness and excellent durability,represents a route for color printing applications.Among various physical mechanisms,the Fabry–Perot(F–P)cav...Structural color from artificial structures,due to its environmental friendliness and excellent durability,represents a route for color printing applications.Among various physical mechanisms,the Fabry–Perot(F–P)cavity effect provides a powerful way to generate vivid colors in either the reflection or transmission direction.Most of the previous F–P type color printing works rely on electron beam grayscale lithography,however,with this technique it is challenging to make large-area and low-cost devices.To circumvent this constraint,we propose to fabricate the F–P type color printing device by the laser grayscale lithography process.The F–P cavity consists of two thin silver films as mirrors and a photoresist film with a spatially variant thickness as the spacer layer.By controlling the laser exposure dose pixel by pixel,a centimeter-scale fullcolor printing device with a spatial resolution up to 5μm×5μm is demonstrated.The proposed large area color printing device may have great potential in practical application areas such as color displays,hyperspectral imaging,advanced painting,and so on.展开更多
Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare t...Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare the multiphoton entanglement in one step.Here,we use a single metasurface to construct multiphoton path-polarization entanglement.Based on the parallel BS property,entanglement among N unentangled photons is created after they pass through a gradient metasurface.Also,with this ability,entanglement fusion among several pairs of entangled photons is set up,which can greatly enlarge the entanglement dimension.These theoretical results pave the way for manipulating metasurface-based multiphoton entanglement,which holds great promise for ultracompact on-chip quantum information processing.展开更多
Optical metasurfaces,which consist of subwavelength scale meta-atoms,represent a novel platform to manipulate the polarization and phase of light.The optical performance of metasurfaces heavily relies on the quality o...Optical metasurfaces,which consist of subwavelength scale meta-atoms,represent a novel platform to manipulate the polarization and phase of light.The optical performance of metasurfaces heavily relies on the quality of nanofabrication.Retrieving the Jones matrix of an imperfect metasurface optical element is highly desirable.We show that this can be realized by decomposing the generalized Jones matrix of a meta-atom into two parallel ones,which correspond to the ideal matrix and a phase retardation.To experimentally verify this concept,we designed and fabricated metasurface polarizers,which consist of geometric phase-controlled dielectric meta-atoms.By scanning the polarization states of the incident and transmitted light,we are able to extract the coefficients of the two parallel matrices of a metasurface polarizer.Based on the results of the Jones matrix decomposition,we also demonstrated polarization image encryption and spin-selective optical holography.The proposed Jones matrix retrieval protocol may have important applications in computational imaging,optical computing,optical communications,and so on.展开更多
Flat lenses,including metalens and diffractive lens,have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to miniaturize the imaging devices.However,realizing a large scale achromatic flat lens with high performanc...Flat lenses,including metalens and diffractive lens,have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to miniaturize the imaging devices.However,realizing a large scale achromatic flat lens with high performance still remains a big challenge.Here,we developed a new framework in designing achromatic multi-level diffractive lenses by light coherence optimization,which enables the implementation of large-scale flat lenses under non-ideal conditions.As results,a series achromatic polymer lenses with diameter from 1 to 10mm are successfully designed and fabricated.The subsequent optical characterizations substantially validate our theoretical framework and show relatively good performance of the centimeter-scale achromatic multi-level diffractive lenses with a super broad bandwidth in optical wavelengths(400-1100 nm).After comparing with conventional refractive lens,this achromatic lens shows significant advantages in white-light imaging performance,implying a new strategy in developing practical planar optical devices.展开更多
Optical metasurfaces are currently an important research area all around the world because of their wide application opportunities in imaging,wavefront engineering,nonlinear optics,quantum information processing,just ...Optical metasurfaces are currently an important research area all around the world because of their wide application opportunities in imaging,wavefront engineering,nonlinear optics,quantum information processing,just to name a few.The feature issue“Optical Metasurfaces:Fundamentals and Applications”in Photonics Research allows for archival publication of the most recent works in optical metasurface and provides for broad dissemination in the photonics community.展开更多
Light beams carrying multiple orbital angular momentum(OAM)states,which can be realized by the structured media with phase singularities,have attracted great attentions in the fields of high dimensional optical inform...Light beams carrying multiple orbital angular momentum(OAM)states,which can be realized by the structured media with phase singularities,have attracted great attentions in the fields of high dimensional optical information processing.Alternatively,a simple uniaxial crystal can be used to simultaneously generate four OAM states of light through the second harmonic generation and cascaded optical spin-orbit interaction(SOI)processes.However,two of the OAM states realized in the crystal are very weak and limit the practical applications.Here,we aim to circumvent this constraint by using the sequential optical SOI processes in two crystals with threefold rotational symmetry.Four angular momentum states of the fundamental waves are prepared after the first crystal and then are utilized to generate the corresponding second harmonic waves(SHWs)with opposite spin and doubled OAM in the second crystal.Further through a sequential SOI process,totally eight angular momentum states of the SHWs with nearly equal energy are experimentally observed.The proposed methodology may find potential applications in optical communications,parallel optical computing,optical manipulation and so on.展开更多
Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices.However,these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses.Significant efforts have been made to ach...Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices.However,these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses.Significant efforts have been made to achieve high quality-factor(Q-factor)resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces,particularly through surface lattice resonances(SLRs)and bound states in the continuum(BICs).Despite these advances,a direct comparison between these two mechanisms remains unexplored.Here,we report a reusable plasmonic metasurface that supports multiple high-Q resonances by leveraging hybrid plasmonic–photonic modes.By systematically tuning the lattice constant and dielectric cladding thickness,we achieve substantial Q-factor enhancements of both SLRs and BICs in a monolithic device with a small footprint of 200μm×200μm by using an incoherent light source.A direct comparison between these two resonances is also discussed.This high-Q performance holds significant promise for applications in sensing,lasing,and nonlinear and quantum optics,paving the way for the development of next-generation nanophotonic devices.展开更多
For the requirement of quantum photonic integration in on-chip quantum information,we propose a scheme to realize quantum controlled-Z(CZ)gates through single gradient metasurface.Using its parallel beam-splitting fea...For the requirement of quantum photonic integration in on-chip quantum information,we propose a scheme to realize quantum controlled-Z(CZ)gates through single gradient metasurface.Using its parallel beam-splitting feature,i.e.,a series of connected beamsplitters with the same splitting ratio,one metasurface can support a polarization encoding CZ gate or path encoding CZ gate,several independent CZ gates,and cascade CZ gates.Taking advantage that the path of output state is locked by the polarization of input state,path encoding CZ gates can efficiently filter out bit-flip errors coming from beam-splitting processes.These CZ gates also have the potential to detect quantum errors and generate high-dimensional entanglement through multi-degree-of-freedom correlation on metasurfaces.By integrating quantum CZ gates into a single metasurface,our results open an avenue for high-density and multifunctional integration of quantum devices.展开更多
Ultrafast modulation of light is of great importance in optical communications,optical spectroscopy,precision measurement and so on.To achieve better modulation performance,various materials platforms including photon...Ultrafast modulation of light is of great importance in optical communications,optical spectroscopy,precision measurement and so on.To achieve better modulation performance,various materials platforms including photonic crystals,two-dimensional materials and plasmonic metasurfaces have been extensively explored.In this work,we demonstrate that a thinβ-BaB_(2)O_(4)which has wide band transparence and large nonlinear coefficient can be used to realize ultrafast modulation of second harmonic waves(SHWs).Under the pumping of two femtosecond laser pulses with perpendicular polarizations and variable time delay,the modulation of SHWs exhibits either slow or fast varying characteristics by using the concept of polarization selective interferometric autocorrelation.Interestingly,these two kinds of modulation behaviors depend on the real and imaginary parts of the pulse-width parameter of the chirped laser pulse.The observed physical mechanism is then utilized to generate and modulate the SHWs carrying orbital angular momentum.The proposed strategy in this work may have important applications in parallel ultrafast optical information processing and optical computing.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an indispensable macronutrient required for plant growth and development.Natural phosphate(Pi)reserves are finite,and a better understanding of Pi utilization by crops is therefore vital for worldwide ...Phosphorus(P)is an indispensable macronutrient required for plant growth and development.Natural phosphate(Pi)reserves are finite,and a better understanding of Pi utilization by crops is therefore vital for worldwide food security.Ammonium has long been known to enhance Pi acquisition efficiency in agriculture;however,the molecular mechanisms coordinating Pi nutrition and ammonium remains unclear.Here,we reveal that ammonium is a novel initiator that stimulates the accumulation of a key regulatory protein,STOP1,in the nuclei of Arabidopsis root cells under Pi deficiency.We show that Pi deficiency promotes ammonium uptake mediated by AMT1 transporters and causes rapid acidification of the root surface.Rhizosphere acidification-triggered STOP1 accumulation activates the excretion of organic acids,which help to solubilize Pi from insoluble iron or calcium phosphates.Ammonium uptake by AMT1 transporters is downregulated by a CIPK23 protein kinase whose expression is directly modulated by STOP1 when ammonium reaches toxic levels.Taken together,we have identified a STOP1-centered regulatory network that links external ammonium with efficient Pi acquisition from insoluble phosphate sources.These findings provide a framework for developing possible strategies to improve crop production by enhancing the utilization of non-bioavailable nutrients in soil.展开更多
The emerging meta-holograms rely on arrays of intractable meta-atoms with various geometries and sizes for customized phase profiles that can precisely modulate the phase of a wavefront at an optimal incident angle fo...The emerging meta-holograms rely on arrays of intractable meta-atoms with various geometries and sizes for customized phase profiles that can precisely modulate the phase of a wavefront at an optimal incident angle for given wavelengths.The stringent and band-limited angle tolerance remains a fundamental obstacle for their practical application,in addition to high fabrication precision demands.Utilizing a different design principle,we determined that facile metagrating holograms based on extraordinary optical diffraction can allow the molding of arbitrary wavefronts with extreme angle tolerances(near-grazing incidence)in the visible–near-infrared regime.By modulating the displacements between uniformly sized meta-atoms rather than the geometrical parameters,the metagratings produce a robust detour phase profile that is irrespective of the wavelength or incident angle.The demonstration of high-fidelity meta-holograms and in-site polarization multiplexing significantly simplifies the metasurface design and lowers the fabrication demand,thereby opening new routes for flat optics with high performances and improved practicality.展开更多
Optical metasurfaces open new avenues for the precise wavefront control of light for integrated quantum technology.Here,we demonstrate a hybrid integrated quantum photonic system that is capable of entangling and dise...Optical metasurfaces open new avenues for the precise wavefront control of light for integrated quantum technology.Here,we demonstrate a hybrid integrated quantum photonic system that is capable of entangling and disentangling two-photon spin states at a dielectric metasurface.Via the interference of single-photon pairs at a nanostructured dielectric metasurface,a path-entangled two-photon NOON state with circular polarization that exhibits a quantum HOM interference visibility of 86±4% is generated.Furthermore,we demonstrate nonclassicality andphase sensitivity in a metasurface-based interferometer with a fringe visibility of 86.8±1.1%in the coincidence counts.This high visibility proves the metasurface-induced path entanglement inside the interferometer.Our findings provide a promising way to develop hybrid-integrated quantum technology operating in the high-dimensional mode space in various applications,such as imaging,sensing,and computing.展开更多
Lenses,such as optical lens,electron lens,acoustic lens and so on,are devices that can focus waves to form an image.Since the invention of telescopes and objectives,optical lenses play important roles in observing obj...Lenses,such as optical lens,electron lens,acoustic lens and so on,are devices that can focus waves to form an image.Since the invention of telescopes and objectives,optical lenses play important roles in observing objects from molecular to astronomical levels,and high-resolution lithography using optical,electron or X-ray beams.To improve the imaging quality,usually,the展开更多
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum have important applications in high dimensional optical information processing,manipulations of tiny particles,super-resolution imaging and so on.Among various optical co...Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum have important applications in high dimensional optical information processing,manipulations of tiny particles,super-resolution imaging and so on.Among various optical components,metasurface represents an ideal platform for realizing vortex beams with multiple optical functionalities due to its strong ability in manipulating the phase,polarization and amplitude of light.A metasurface combing the functions of a lens and a vortex beam generator can greatly shrink the size of many optical systems.Here,we alternatively propose a new metasurface design based on the concept of a Fresnel zone plate to generate,focus the vortex beams,and perform on-axis interference between different vortex beams.These functions are experimentally demonstrated through encoding the spiral phase profiles into the odd and even zones of a dielectric metasurface.The proposed vortex beam generation strategy employs the advantages of both the Fresnel zone plate and the metasurface,and may open new routes for high-dimensional optical information processing.展开更多
Electric-field-induced second harmonic generation(EFISH),a third-order nonlinear process,arises from the interaction between the electric field of an external bias and that of two incident photons.EFISH can be used to...Electric-field-induced second harmonic generation(EFISH),a third-order nonlinear process,arises from the interaction between the electric field of an external bias and that of two incident photons.EFISH can be used to dynamically control the nonlinear optical response of materials and is therefore promising for active nonlinear devices.However,it has been challenging to achieve a strong modulation with EFISH in conventional nonlinear materials.Here,we report a large tunability of an EFISH signal from a subwavelength-thick polymer film sandwiched between a transparent electrode and a metallic mirror.By exploiting the band-edge-enhanced third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the organic conjugated polymer,we successfully demonstrate a gigantic EFISH effect with a modulation ratio up to 422%V^(−1) at a pumping wavelength of 840 nm.The band-edge-enhanced EFISH opens new avenues for modulating the intensity of SHG signals and for controlling nonlinear electro-optic interactions in nanophotonic devices.展开更多
Metasurface analogue of the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)that is originally observed in atomic gases offers diverse applications for new photonic components such as nonlinear optical unit...Metasurface analogue of the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)that is originally observed in atomic gases offers diverse applications for new photonic components such as nonlinear optical units,slow-light devices,and biosensors.The development of functional integrated photonic devices requires an active control of EIT in metasurfaces.We demonstrate a reversible switching of the metasurface-induced transparency in the near-infrared region by incorporating a nonvolatile phase change material,Ge2Sb2Te5,into the metasurface design.This leads to an ultrafast reconfigurable transparency window under an excitation of a nanosecond pulsed laser.The measurement agrees well with both theoretical calculation and finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation.Our work paves the way for dynamic metasurface devices such as reconfigurable slow light and biosensing.展开更多
In 1992,Professor Allen’s paper published in Physical Review A indi-cated that laser light with a Laguerre-Gaussian amplitude distribution has an orbital angular momentum(OAM).Since then,conceptual stud-ies on OAM of...In 1992,Professor Allen’s paper published in Physical Review A indi-cated that laser light with a Laguerre-Gaussian amplitude distribution has an orbital angular momentum(OAM).Since then,conceptual stud-ies on OAM of photons have been attracting continual attention in physics and optics communities.In recent years,we have witnessed the birth and fast development of many break-through technologies driven by the concept of OAM,from advanced light-field manipulation to super-resolution imaging,classical and quantum optical communi-cations,and many others.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1300803)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-34)。
文摘Grain soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)shows potential as a forage crop following its introduction from low to high latitudes due to in its growth phenotype.However,the application of this approach is impeded by the diverse ecological types of soybean,their adaptability to the introduction,and the uncertainty surrounding the growth phenotype post-introduction.This study introduced 24 grain soybean varieties from low-latitude regions(22-31°N)to the high-latitude northwestern Loess Plateau(39°N)between 2018 and 2019.The growth phenotypes were observed,and their forage productivity potential was assessed.All varieties displayed delayed flowering following cross-latitude introduction,with the vegetative growth phase of some varieties even exceeding their entire growth duration at their origin.Rapid dry matter accumulation rates indicated growth adaptation performance and formed the basis for soybean forage yield.Varieties from the tropical South China region exhibited significant yield advantages,with dry matter yields of 8.97-14.68 t ha^(-1)and crude protein yields of 1.44-2.51 t ha^(-1).Varieties HX3 and GX7 from this region demonstrated optimal growth adaptability and productivity in the cross-latitude environment,achieving the highest dry matter yields of 14.68 and 13.86 t ha^(-1),respectively.As a result,HX3 and GX7 are recommended for local farming systems to provide high-quality forage.The cross-latitude introduction of soybean is proposed as a viable and efficient strategy for forage improvement and application.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2306800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072280 and No.82272315)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.7212063 and No.7222108).
文摘Naturally occurred precore(PC,G1896A)and/or basal core promoter(BCP,A1762T/G1764A)mutations are prevalent in chronic HBV-infected patients,especially those under HBeAg-negative status.However,the replicative capacity of HBV with PC/BCP mutations remains ambiguous.Herein,meta-analysis showed that,only under HBeAg-negative status,the serum HBV DNA load in patients with PC mutation was 7.41-fold higher than those without the mutation.Both PC mutation alone and BCPþPC mutations promoted HBV replication in cell and hydrodynamic injection mouse models.In human hepatocyte chimeric mouse model,BCPþPC mutations led to elevated replicative capacity and intrahepatic core protein accumulation.Mechanistically,preC RNA harboring PC mutation could serve as mRNA to express core and P proteins,and such pgRNA-like function favored the maintenance of cccDNA pool under HBeAg-negative status.Additionally,BCPþPC mutations induced more extensive and severe human hepatocyte damage as well as activated endoplasmic reticulum stress and TNF signaling pathway in livers of chimeric mice.This study indicates that HBeAg-negative patients should be monitored on HBV mutations regularly and are expected to receive early antiviral treatment to prevent disease progression.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(91950114,12161141010)Zhangjiang Laboratory,Guangdong Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2017ZT07C071)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Commission(JCYJ20200109140808088)K.C.would like to thank the support from Hong Kong Research Grant Council AoE/P-02/12 and 12303019.
文摘Structural color from artificial structures,due to its environmental friendliness and excellent durability,represents a route for color printing applications.Among various physical mechanisms,the Fabry–Perot(F–P)cavity effect provides a powerful way to generate vivid colors in either the reflection or transmission direction.Most of the previous F–P type color printing works rely on electron beam grayscale lithography,however,with this technique it is challenging to make large-area and low-cost devices.To circumvent this constraint,we propose to fabricate the F–P type color printing device by the laser grayscale lithography process.The F–P cavity consists of two thin silver films as mirrors and a photoresist film with a spatially variant thickness as the spacer layer.By controlling the laser exposure dose pixel by pixel,a centimeter-scale fullcolor printing device with a spatial resolution up to 5μm×5μm is demonstrated.The proposed large area color printing device may have great potential in practical application areas such as color displays,hyperspectral imaging,advanced painting,and so on.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474370,11974032,12161141010,and T2325022)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301500).
文摘Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare the multiphoton entanglement in one step.Here,we use a single metasurface to construct multiphoton path-polarization entanglement.Based on the parallel BS property,entanglement among N unentangled photons is created after they pass through a gradient metasurface.Also,with this ability,entanglement fusion among several pairs of entangled photons is set up,which can greatly enlarge the entanglement dimension.These theoretical results pave the way for manipulating metasurface-based multiphoton entanglement,which holds great promise for ultracompact on-chip quantum information processing.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant No.2022YFA1404301)the Zhangjiang Laboratory,the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.91950114 and 12161141010)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project (Grant No.2017ZT07C071)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Program (Grant No.2021B1212040001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Commission (Grant No.JCYJ20200109140808088).
文摘Optical metasurfaces,which consist of subwavelength scale meta-atoms,represent a novel platform to manipulate the polarization and phase of light.The optical performance of metasurfaces heavily relies on the quality of nanofabrication.Retrieving the Jones matrix of an imperfect metasurface optical element is highly desirable.We show that this can be realized by decomposing the generalized Jones matrix of a meta-atom into two parallel ones,which correspond to the ideal matrix and a phase retardation.To experimentally verify this concept,we designed and fabricated metasurface polarizers,which consist of geometric phase-controlled dielectric meta-atoms.By scanning the polarization states of the incident and transmitted light,we are able to extract the coefficients of the two parallel matrices of a metasurface polarizer.Based on the results of the Jones matrix decomposition,we also demonstrated polarization image encryption and spin-selective optical holography.The proposed Jones matrix retrieval protocol may have important applications in computational imaging,optical computing,optical communications,and so on.
基金the financial support from The National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404300,2017YFA0303701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91850204,12174186,62288101)+2 种基金the support from Dengfeng Project B of Nanjing Universitythe supports from Guangdong Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2017ZT07C071)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Commission(JCYJ20200109140808088).
文摘Flat lenses,including metalens and diffractive lens,have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to miniaturize the imaging devices.However,realizing a large scale achromatic flat lens with high performance still remains a big challenge.Here,we developed a new framework in designing achromatic multi-level diffractive lenses by light coherence optimization,which enables the implementation of large-scale flat lenses under non-ideal conditions.As results,a series achromatic polymer lenses with diameter from 1 to 10mm are successfully designed and fabricated.The subsequent optical characterizations substantially validate our theoretical framework and show relatively good performance of the centimeter-scale achromatic multi-level diffractive lenses with a super broad bandwidth in optical wavelengths(400-1100 nm).After comparing with conventional refractive lens,this achromatic lens shows significant advantages in white-light imaging performance,implying a new strategy in developing practical planar optical devices.
文摘Optical metasurfaces are currently an important research area all around the world because of their wide application opportunities in imaging,wavefront engineering,nonlinear optics,quantum information processing,just to name a few.The feature issue“Optical Metasurfaces:Fundamentals and Applications”in Photonics Research allows for archival publication of the most recent works in optical metasurface and provides for broad dissemination in the photonics community.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(91950114&12161141010)National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404301)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Grant(2017ZT07C071)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Commission Grant(JCYJ20200109140808088).
文摘Light beams carrying multiple orbital angular momentum(OAM)states,which can be realized by the structured media with phase singularities,have attracted great attentions in the fields of high dimensional optical information processing.Alternatively,a simple uniaxial crystal can be used to simultaneously generate four OAM states of light through the second harmonic generation and cascaded optical spin-orbit interaction(SOI)processes.However,two of the OAM states realized in the crystal are very weak and limit the practical applications.Here,we aim to circumvent this constraint by using the sequential optical SOI processes in two crystals with threefold rotational symmetry.Four angular momentum states of the fundamental waves are prepared after the first crystal and then are utilized to generate the corresponding second harmonic waves(SHWs)with opposite spin and doubled OAM in the second crystal.Further through a sequential SOI process,totally eight angular momentum states of the SHWs with nearly equal energy are experimentally observed.The proposed methodology may find potential applications in optical communications,parallel optical computing,optical manipulation and so on.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174031,91950108,12161141010)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404301)。
文摘Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices.However,these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses.Significant efforts have been made to achieve high quality-factor(Q-factor)resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces,particularly through surface lattice resonances(SLRs)and bound states in the continuum(BICs).Despite these advances,a direct comparison between these two mechanisms remains unexplored.Here,we report a reusable plasmonic metasurface that supports multiple high-Q resonances by leveraging hybrid plasmonic–photonic modes.By systematically tuning the lattice constant and dielectric cladding thickness,we achieve substantial Q-factor enhancements of both SLRs and BICs in a monolithic device with a small footprint of 200μm×200μm by using an incoherent light source.A direct comparison between these two resonances is also discussed.This high-Q performance holds significant promise for applications in sensing,lasing,and nonlinear and quantum optics,paving the way for the development of next-generation nanophotonic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.12474370,No.12161141010 and No.T2325022by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology under Grant No.2021ZD0301500.
文摘For the requirement of quantum photonic integration in on-chip quantum information,we propose a scheme to realize quantum controlled-Z(CZ)gates through single gradient metasurface.Using its parallel beam-splitting feature,i.e.,a series of connected beamsplitters with the same splitting ratio,one metasurface can support a polarization encoding CZ gate or path encoding CZ gate,several independent CZ gates,and cascade CZ gates.Taking advantage that the path of output state is locked by the polarization of input state,path encoding CZ gates can efficiently filter out bit-flip errors coming from beam-splitting processes.These CZ gates also have the potential to detect quantum errors and generate high-dimensional entanglement through multi-degree-of-freedom correlation on metasurfaces.By integrating quantum CZ gates into a single metasurface,our results open an avenue for high-density and multifunctional integration of quantum devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12161141010)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404301).
文摘Ultrafast modulation of light is of great importance in optical communications,optical spectroscopy,precision measurement and so on.To achieve better modulation performance,various materials platforms including photonic crystals,two-dimensional materials and plasmonic metasurfaces have been extensively explored.In this work,we demonstrate that a thinβ-BaB_(2)O_(4)which has wide band transparence and large nonlinear coefficient can be used to realize ultrafast modulation of second harmonic waves(SHWs).Under the pumping of two femtosecond laser pulses with perpendicular polarizations and variable time delay,the modulation of SHWs exhibits either slow or fast varying characteristics by using the concept of polarization selective interferometric autocorrelation.Interestingly,these two kinds of modulation behaviors depend on the real and imaginary parts of the pulse-width parameter of the chirped laser pulse.The observed physical mechanism is then utilized to generate and modulate the SHWs carrying orbital angular momentum.The proposed strategy in this work may have important applications in parallel ultrafast optical information processing and optical computing.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Tech no logy of the People's Republic of China(2015CB942903,2016YFD0100700)the Ministry of Education and Bureau of Foreign Experts of China(B14027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an indispensable macronutrient required for plant growth and development.Natural phosphate(Pi)reserves are finite,and a better understanding of Pi utilization by crops is therefore vital for worldwide food security.Ammonium has long been known to enhance Pi acquisition efficiency in agriculture;however,the molecular mechanisms coordinating Pi nutrition and ammonium remains unclear.Here,we reveal that ammonium is a novel initiator that stimulates the accumulation of a key regulatory protein,STOP1,in the nuclei of Arabidopsis root cells under Pi deficiency.We show that Pi deficiency promotes ammonium uptake mediated by AMT1 transporters and causes rapid acidification of the root surface.Rhizosphere acidification-triggered STOP1 accumulation activates the excretion of organic acids,which help to solubilize Pi from insoluble iron or calcium phosphates.Ammonium uptake by AMT1 transporters is downregulated by a CIPK23 protein kinase whose expression is directly modulated by STOP1 when ammonium reaches toxic levels.Taken together,we have identified a STOP1-centered regulatory network that links external ammonium with efficient Pi acquisition from insoluble phosphate sources.These findings provide a framework for developing possible strategies to improve crop production by enhancing the utilization of non-bioavailable nutrients in soil.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(YS2018YFB110012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant 11604217,61522504,61420106014,11774145,11734012,11574218)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant 21617410)the Guangdong Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(Grant 2016ZT06D081,2017ZT07C071)the Applied Science and Technology Project of the Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2017B090918001)the Natural Science Foundation of the Shenzhen Innovation Committee(JCYJ20170412153113701).
文摘The emerging meta-holograms rely on arrays of intractable meta-atoms with various geometries and sizes for customized phase profiles that can precisely modulate the phase of a wavefront at an optimal incident angle for given wavelengths.The stringent and band-limited angle tolerance remains a fundamental obstacle for their practical application,in addition to high fabrication precision demands.Utilizing a different design principle,we determined that facile metagrating holograms based on extraordinary optical diffraction can allow the molding of arbitrary wavefronts with extreme angle tolerances(near-grazing incidence)in the visible–near-infrared regime.By modulating the displacements between uniformly sized meta-atoms rather than the geometrical parameters,the metagratings produce a robust detour phase profile that is irrespective of the wavelength or incident angle.The demonstration of high-fidelity meta-holograms and in-site polarization multiplexing significantly simplifies the metasurface design and lowers the fabrication demand,thereby opening new routes for flat optics with high performances and improved practicality.
基金funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant agreement No.724306)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)through the Collaborated Research Center TRR 142(No.231447078)+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.11774145)Applied Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2017B090918001).
文摘Optical metasurfaces open new avenues for the precise wavefront control of light for integrated quantum technology.Here,we demonstrate a hybrid integrated quantum photonic system that is capable of entangling and disentangling two-photon spin states at a dielectric metasurface.Via the interference of single-photon pairs at a nanostructured dielectric metasurface,a path-entangled two-photon NOON state with circular polarization that exhibits a quantum HOM interference visibility of 86±4% is generated.Furthermore,we demonstrate nonclassicality andphase sensitivity in a metasurface-based interferometer with a fringe visibility of 86.8±1.1%in the coincidence counts.This high visibility proves the metasurface-induced path entanglement inside the interferometer.Our findings provide a promising way to develop hybrid-integrated quantum technology operating in the high-dimensional mode space in various applications,such as imaging,sensing,and computing.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11774145)Applied Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department (2017B090918001)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Committee (JCYJ20170412153113701)
文摘Lenses,such as optical lens,electron lens,acoustic lens and so on,are devices that can focus waves to form an image.Since the invention of telescopes and objectives,optical lenses play important roles in observing objects from molecular to astronomical levels,and high-resolution lithography using optical,electron or X-ray beams.To improve the imaging quality,usually,the
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91950114,11774145)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020 M680271)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2017ZT07C071)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Commission(JCYJ20200109140808088)Shenzhen DRC project[2018]1433Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation(Q6101013202101).
文摘Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum have important applications in high dimensional optical information processing,manipulations of tiny particles,super-resolution imaging and so on.Among various optical components,metasurface represents an ideal platform for realizing vortex beams with multiple optical functionalities due to its strong ability in manipulating the phase,polarization and amplitude of light.A metasurface combing the functions of a lens and a vortex beam generator can greatly shrink the size of many optical systems.Here,we alternatively propose a new metasurface design based on the concept of a Fresnel zone plate to generate,focus the vortex beams,and perform on-axis interference between different vortex beams.These functions are experimentally demonstrated through encoding the spiral phase profiles into the odd and even zones of a dielectric metasurface.The proposed vortex beam generation strategy employs the advantages of both the Fresnel zone plate and the metasurface,and may open new routes for high-dimensional optical information processing.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11774145)the Guangdong Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2017ZT07C071)+3 种基金the Applied Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2017B090918001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Committee(JCYJ20170412153113701)the Marie Curie Individual Fellowship(H2020-MSCA-IF-703803-NonlinearMeta)the European Research Council Consolidator Grant(TOPOLOGICAL).
文摘Electric-field-induced second harmonic generation(EFISH),a third-order nonlinear process,arises from the interaction between the electric field of an external bias and that of two incident photons.EFISH can be used to dynamically control the nonlinear optical response of materials and is therefore promising for active nonlinear devices.However,it has been challenging to achieve a strong modulation with EFISH in conventional nonlinear materials.Here,we report a large tunability of an EFISH signal from a subwavelength-thick polymer film sandwiched between a transparent electrode and a metallic mirror.By exploiting the band-edge-enhanced third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the organic conjugated polymer,we successfully demonstrate a gigantic EFISH effect with a modulation ratio up to 422%V^(−1) at a pumping wavelength of 840 nm.The band-edge-enhanced EFISH opens new avenues for modulating the intensity of SHG signals and for controlling nonlinear electro-optic interactions in nanophotonic devices.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant No.2015DFG12630)support from LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1807237)
文摘Metasurface analogue of the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)that is originally observed in atomic gases offers diverse applications for new photonic components such as nonlinear optical units,slow-light devices,and biosensors.The development of functional integrated photonic devices requires an active control of EIT in metasurfaces.We demonstrate a reversible switching of the metasurface-induced transparency in the near-infrared region by incorporating a nonvolatile phase change material,Ge2Sb2Te5,into the metasurface design.This leads to an ultrafast reconfigurable transparency window under an excitation of a nanosecond pulsed laser.The measurement agrees well with both theoretical calculation and finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation.Our work paves the way for dynamic metasurface devices such as reconfigurable slow light and biosensing.
文摘In 1992,Professor Allen’s paper published in Physical Review A indi-cated that laser light with a Laguerre-Gaussian amplitude distribution has an orbital angular momentum(OAM).Since then,conceptual stud-ies on OAM of photons have been attracting continual attention in physics and optics communities.In recent years,we have witnessed the birth and fast development of many break-through technologies driven by the concept of OAM,from advanced light-field manipulation to super-resolution imaging,classical and quantum optical communi-cations,and many others.
