Deep venous thrombosis(DVT)poses a major challenge to public health worldwide.Endothelial cell injury evokes inflammatory and oxidative responses that contribute to thrombus formation.Tea polyphenol(TP)in the form of ...Deep venous thrombosis(DVT)poses a major challenge to public health worldwide.Endothelial cell injury evokes inflammatory and oxidative responses that contribute to thrombus formation.Tea polyphenol(TP)in the form of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)has anti-inflammatory and oxidative effect that may ameliorate DVT.However,the precise mechanism remains incompletely understood.The current study was designed to investigate the anti-DVT mechanism of EGCG in combination with warfarin(an oral anticoagulant).Rabbits were randomly divided into five groups.A DVT model of rats was established through ligation of the inferior vena cava(IVC)and left common iliac vein,and the animals were orally administered with EGCG,warfarin,or vehicle for seven days.In vitro studies included pretreatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)with different concentrations of EGCG for 2 h before exposure to hydrogen peroxide.Thrombus weight and length were examined.Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Blood samples were collected for detecting coagulation function,including thrombin and prothrombin times,activated partial thromboplastin time,and fibrinogen levels.Protein expression in thrombosed IVCs and HUVECs was evaluated by Western blot,immunohistochemical analysis,and/or immunofluorescence staining.RT-qPCR was used to determine the levels of AGTR-1 and VEGF mRNA in IVCs and HUVECs.The viability of HUVECs was examined by CCK-8 assay.Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis and ROS generation was assessed by 2′,7ʹ-dichlorofluorescein diacetate reagent.In vitro and in vivo studies showed that EGCG combined with warfarin significantly reduced thrombus weight and length,and apoptosis in HUVECs.Our findings indicated that the combination of EGCG and warfarin protects HUVECs from oxidative stress and prevents apoptosis.However,HIF-1αsilencing weakened these effects,which indicated that HIF-1αmay participate in DVT.Furthermore,HIF-1αsilencing significantly up-regulated cell apoptosis and ROS generation,and enhanced VEGF expression and the activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.In conclusion,our results indicate that EGCG combined with warfarin modifies HIF-1αand VEGF to prevent DVT in rabbits through anti-inflammation via the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.展开更多
Alice Ridout and Susan Watkins offers a best perspective in their book Doris Lessing： Border Crossings, to contemplate Lessing’s writing. In her 57-year publishing career, Lessing always crosses the borders： as a f...Alice Ridout and Susan Watkins offers a best perspective in their book Doris Lessing： Border Crossings, to contemplate Lessing’s writing. In her 57-year publishing career, Lessing always crosses the borders： as a feminist or anti-feminist, as a science fiction writer or a realist who lost her way, as a Marxist or a reactionary, as a British writer or a postcolonial one. Lessing’s border-crossing not only lies in her different genres of writing or in different novels, but even in a single comparatively traditional novel. The Summer Before the Dark is a representative work of Lessing’s women portrayal transition from focusing on their outside world exploration to on their inner world seeking. This essay tries to look at the content and form of the novel, and to illustrate that Lessing’s border-crossing is also fulfilled in one single novel. She successfully crosses the border of convention and innovation： conventional in content, while innovative in form.展开更多
With China’s economy speeding up, the continually evolving market of China became the second largest luxurygoods market in the world. Luxury brands invest a larger amount of money in advertising every year. This pape...With China’s economy speeding up, the continually evolving market of China became the second largest luxurygoods market in the world. Luxury brands invest a larger amount of money in advertising every year. This papertries to analyze the different cultural values reflected in Chinese and Western luxury advertisements based on thetheory of Hofstede’s value dimensions. We hope that a comparative cultural study on luxury advertisements willenable us to comprehend the main cultural values and enhance the tolerance and mutual understanding betweenChina and the Western countries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81871463)Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project(No.YKK19086).
文摘Deep venous thrombosis(DVT)poses a major challenge to public health worldwide.Endothelial cell injury evokes inflammatory and oxidative responses that contribute to thrombus formation.Tea polyphenol(TP)in the form of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)has anti-inflammatory and oxidative effect that may ameliorate DVT.However,the precise mechanism remains incompletely understood.The current study was designed to investigate the anti-DVT mechanism of EGCG in combination with warfarin(an oral anticoagulant).Rabbits were randomly divided into five groups.A DVT model of rats was established through ligation of the inferior vena cava(IVC)and left common iliac vein,and the animals were orally administered with EGCG,warfarin,or vehicle for seven days.In vitro studies included pretreatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)with different concentrations of EGCG for 2 h before exposure to hydrogen peroxide.Thrombus weight and length were examined.Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Blood samples were collected for detecting coagulation function,including thrombin and prothrombin times,activated partial thromboplastin time,and fibrinogen levels.Protein expression in thrombosed IVCs and HUVECs was evaluated by Western blot,immunohistochemical analysis,and/or immunofluorescence staining.RT-qPCR was used to determine the levels of AGTR-1 and VEGF mRNA in IVCs and HUVECs.The viability of HUVECs was examined by CCK-8 assay.Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis and ROS generation was assessed by 2′,7ʹ-dichlorofluorescein diacetate reagent.In vitro and in vivo studies showed that EGCG combined with warfarin significantly reduced thrombus weight and length,and apoptosis in HUVECs.Our findings indicated that the combination of EGCG and warfarin protects HUVECs from oxidative stress and prevents apoptosis.However,HIF-1αsilencing weakened these effects,which indicated that HIF-1αmay participate in DVT.Furthermore,HIF-1αsilencing significantly up-regulated cell apoptosis and ROS generation,and enhanced VEGF expression and the activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.In conclusion,our results indicate that EGCG combined with warfarin modifies HIF-1αand VEGF to prevent DVT in rabbits through anti-inflammation via the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
文摘Alice Ridout and Susan Watkins offers a best perspective in their book Doris Lessing： Border Crossings, to contemplate Lessing’s writing. In her 57-year publishing career, Lessing always crosses the borders： as a feminist or anti-feminist, as a science fiction writer or a realist who lost her way, as a Marxist or a reactionary, as a British writer or a postcolonial one. Lessing’s border-crossing not only lies in her different genres of writing or in different novels, but even in a single comparatively traditional novel. The Summer Before the Dark is a representative work of Lessing’s women portrayal transition from focusing on their outside world exploration to on their inner world seeking. This essay tries to look at the content and form of the novel, and to illustrate that Lessing’s border-crossing is also fulfilled in one single novel. She successfully crosses the border of convention and innovation： conventional in content, while innovative in form.
基金This paper is sponsored by Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Project No.18TS27.
文摘With China’s economy speeding up, the continually evolving market of China became the second largest luxurygoods market in the world. Luxury brands invest a larger amount of money in advertising every year. This papertries to analyze the different cultural values reflected in Chinese and Western luxury advertisements based on thetheory of Hofstede’s value dimensions. We hope that a comparative cultural study on luxury advertisements willenable us to comprehend the main cultural values and enhance the tolerance and mutual understanding betweenChina and the Western countries.
