Based on the idea of tilting a photoelectric conversion device,the monocrystalline silicon p-n junction device was tilted to make light incident upon the device at an angle of 45° with the normal of the device su...Based on the idea of tilting a photoelectric conversion device,the monocrystalline silicon p-n junction device was tilted to make light incident upon the device at an angle of 45° with the normal of the device surface,resulting in infrared multiple-internal-reflection inside the device.The internal reflection leads to path length increase of infrared light,making the enhancement of infrared absorption of the device.An increase of 11% in energy conversion efficiency has been obtained through tilting the device.展开更多
In recent years, with the aggravation of population aging and the change of lifestyle, the incidence of various spinal diseases has increased year by year. Surgical treatment can alleviate pain, correct deformity and ...In recent years, with the aggravation of population aging and the change of lifestyle, the incidence of various spinal diseases has increased year by year. Surgical treatment can alleviate pain, correct deformity and reconstruct spinal stability. With the increase of the amount and difficulty of spinal surgery, perioperative bleeding can not be ignored. Excessive bleeding can cause a variety of complications and even affect the prognosis of patients. Reducing bleeding is important not only to maintain the hemodynamic balance of patients, but also to observe the surgical field of vision. Therefore, how to effectively control the amount of intraoperative bleeding has always been the focus of spinal surgeons. It is particularly important to formulate an effective perioperative bleeding management plan. Preoperative operation plan and the use of various hemostatic drugs, materials and equipment have shown good results in safely reducing the amount of bleeding. The application of hemodilution technology and intraoperative autologous blood reinfusion technology also provides a guarantee for reducing the amount of bleeding and allogeneic blood transfusion.展开更多
Background Numerous studies from Europe and North America have provided a wealth of information regarding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Caucasians. Previous ...Background Numerous studies from Europe and North America have provided a wealth of information regarding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Caucasians. Previous studies in China's Mainland have been limited by small patient numbers or by lack of detailed information about clinical subgroups of the disease. This study was carried out to assess the demographic and clinical characteristics of IBD in Chinese patients. Methods In the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital between 1994 and 2003, 379 patients were diagnosed as IBD. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analysed. Results Of 379 patients, 317 had ulcerative colitis (UC) (83.6%, 168 male, 149 female, male-female ratio 1.13∶1, age range at diagnosis 14-79 years, mean age 44 years) and 62 had Crohn’s disease (CD) (16.4%, 39 male and 23 female, male-female ratio 1.70∶1, age range at diagnosis 13-70 years, mean age 33 years). In UC, 11.4% of patients had proctitis, 25.2% had proctosigmoiditis, 18.6% were diseased to the splenic flexure and 44.8% had extensive colitis. Nine patients with UC (2.8%) had arthritis, three patients (0.9%) had iritis or conjunctivitis. Of the 62 CD patients, 16 (25.8%) had diseases restricted to the terminal ileum; 15 (24.2%) had colonic diseases; 20 (32.3%) had ileocolonic disease and 11 (17.7%) had disease involving the upper gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions This study shows similar caracteristics of IBD to that in the West but there are some differences with respect to severity and extraintestinal manifestations. The ethnic and geographic differences may give important clues to the aetiology of IBD.展开更多
文摘Based on the idea of tilting a photoelectric conversion device,the monocrystalline silicon p-n junction device was tilted to make light incident upon the device at an angle of 45° with the normal of the device surface,resulting in infrared multiple-internal-reflection inside the device.The internal reflection leads to path length increase of infrared light,making the enhancement of infrared absorption of the device.An increase of 11% in energy conversion efficiency has been obtained through tilting the device.
文摘In recent years, with the aggravation of population aging and the change of lifestyle, the incidence of various spinal diseases has increased year by year. Surgical treatment can alleviate pain, correct deformity and reconstruct spinal stability. With the increase of the amount and difficulty of spinal surgery, perioperative bleeding can not be ignored. Excessive bleeding can cause a variety of complications and even affect the prognosis of patients. Reducing bleeding is important not only to maintain the hemodynamic balance of patients, but also to observe the surgical field of vision. Therefore, how to effectively control the amount of intraoperative bleeding has always been the focus of spinal surgeons. It is particularly important to formulate an effective perioperative bleeding management plan. Preoperative operation plan and the use of various hemostatic drugs, materials and equipment have shown good results in safely reducing the amount of bleeding. The application of hemodilution technology and intraoperative autologous blood reinfusion technology also provides a guarantee for reducing the amount of bleeding and allogeneic blood transfusion.
文摘Background Numerous studies from Europe and North America have provided a wealth of information regarding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Caucasians. Previous studies in China's Mainland have been limited by small patient numbers or by lack of detailed information about clinical subgroups of the disease. This study was carried out to assess the demographic and clinical characteristics of IBD in Chinese patients. Methods In the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital between 1994 and 2003, 379 patients were diagnosed as IBD. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analysed. Results Of 379 patients, 317 had ulcerative colitis (UC) (83.6%, 168 male, 149 female, male-female ratio 1.13∶1, age range at diagnosis 14-79 years, mean age 44 years) and 62 had Crohn’s disease (CD) (16.4%, 39 male and 23 female, male-female ratio 1.70∶1, age range at diagnosis 13-70 years, mean age 33 years). In UC, 11.4% of patients had proctitis, 25.2% had proctosigmoiditis, 18.6% were diseased to the splenic flexure and 44.8% had extensive colitis. Nine patients with UC (2.8%) had arthritis, three patients (0.9%) had iritis or conjunctivitis. Of the 62 CD patients, 16 (25.8%) had diseases restricted to the terminal ileum; 15 (24.2%) had colonic diseases; 20 (32.3%) had ileocolonic disease and 11 (17.7%) had disease involving the upper gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions This study shows similar caracteristics of IBD to that in the West but there are some differences with respect to severity and extraintestinal manifestations. The ethnic and geographic differences may give important clues to the aetiology of IBD.
