The Asmari Formation in the G oilfield on the Iran-Iraq border is a fractured-porous multi-lithology mixed reservoir, for which fracture is an important factor affecting oil productivity and water cut. The characteriz...The Asmari Formation in the G oilfield on the Iran-Iraq border is a fractured-porous multi-lithology mixed reservoir, for which fracture is an important factor affecting oil productivity and water cut. The characterization and modeling of fractures in the carbonate reservoir of G oilfield are challenging due to weak conventional well log responses of fractures and a lack of specific logs, such as image logs. This study proposes an integrated approach for characterizing and modeling fractures in the carbonate reservoir. The features, formation mechanism, influencing factors, and prediction methods of fractures in the Asmari Formation carbonate reservoirs of G oilfield were studied using core observation, thin section, image log, cross-dipole acoustic log (CDAL), geomechanics numerical simulation (GNS), and production data. According to CDAL-based fracture density interpretation, GNS-based fracture intensity prediction between wells, and DFN-based rock fracture properties modeling, the quantitative fracture characterization for G oilfield was realized. This research shows that the fractures in the Asamri Formation are mainly medium-to high-angle shear fractures. The substantial compression stress during the Miocene played a major role in the formation of the prominent fractures and determined their trend in the region, with primary trends of NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW. The fracture distribution has regularity, and the fractures in zone A dolomites are more highly developed than that in zone B limestones vertically. Horizontally, fractures intensity is mainly controlled by faults and structural location. The results of this study may benefit the optimization of well design during field development. From 2019 to 2021, three horizontal wells pilot tests were deployed in the fractures belt in zone A, and these fractures prominently increased the permeability of tight dolomite reservoirs. The initial production of the wells is four to five times the average production of other wells in the area, showing a good development effect. Meanwhile, the updated numerical simulation validates that the history match accuracy of water cut based on the dual-porosity model is significantly improved, proving the fracture evaluation and prediction results to be relatively reliable and applicable.展开更多
Solid-state Li-CO₂ batteries possess unique merits,including high environmental friendliness,extremely high energy density,and wide operational temperature range.In this work,we used the garnet-type Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₄Ta₀.₆...Solid-state Li-CO₂ batteries possess unique merits,including high environmental friendliness,extremely high energy density,and wide operational temperature range.In this work,we used the garnet-type Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₄Ta₀.₆O₁₂(LLZTO)as the solid electrolyte for Li-CO₂ batteries.By a simple solid-state reaction under vacuum,LLZTO was tightly composited with organic materials.Detailed analysis confirms that a three-in-one effect was achieved,resulting in additional Li⁺ migration pathways,improved mechanical properties of the electrolyte,and more active sites for Li₂CO₃ decomposition.This contributes to accelerated Li⁺ transport and fast CO₂reaction kinetics.A solid-state Li-CO₂ cell was assembled using a Ru@C cathode and an integrated layer of LLZTO@PVDF interfaced with an artificial molten salt.An exceptionally low charging overpotential(below 3.0 V)was achieved,maintaining a charge potential retention rate of over 99%.This work introduces LLZTO as a promising electrolyte for solid-state Li-CO₂ batteries,shedding light on the advancement of next-generation Li-CO₂ battery technologies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project“Reservoir Characterization of Typical Thick Carbonate Reservoirs in the Middle East”(Grant No.2017ZX05032004-001).
文摘The Asmari Formation in the G oilfield on the Iran-Iraq border is a fractured-porous multi-lithology mixed reservoir, for which fracture is an important factor affecting oil productivity and water cut. The characterization and modeling of fractures in the carbonate reservoir of G oilfield are challenging due to weak conventional well log responses of fractures and a lack of specific logs, such as image logs. This study proposes an integrated approach for characterizing and modeling fractures in the carbonate reservoir. The features, formation mechanism, influencing factors, and prediction methods of fractures in the Asmari Formation carbonate reservoirs of G oilfield were studied using core observation, thin section, image log, cross-dipole acoustic log (CDAL), geomechanics numerical simulation (GNS), and production data. According to CDAL-based fracture density interpretation, GNS-based fracture intensity prediction between wells, and DFN-based rock fracture properties modeling, the quantitative fracture characterization for G oilfield was realized. This research shows that the fractures in the Asamri Formation are mainly medium-to high-angle shear fractures. The substantial compression stress during the Miocene played a major role in the formation of the prominent fractures and determined their trend in the region, with primary trends of NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW. The fracture distribution has regularity, and the fractures in zone A dolomites are more highly developed than that in zone B limestones vertically. Horizontally, fractures intensity is mainly controlled by faults and structural location. The results of this study may benefit the optimization of well design during field development. From 2019 to 2021, three horizontal wells pilot tests were deployed in the fractures belt in zone A, and these fractures prominently increased the permeability of tight dolomite reservoirs. The initial production of the wells is four to five times the average production of other wells in the area, showing a good development effect. Meanwhile, the updated numerical simulation validates that the history match accuracy of water cut based on the dual-porosity model is significantly improved, proving the fracture evaluation and prediction results to be relatively reliable and applicable.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232022A-06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372001)+1 种基金the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(22ZR1400300)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province.
文摘Solid-state Li-CO₂ batteries possess unique merits,including high environmental friendliness,extremely high energy density,and wide operational temperature range.In this work,we used the garnet-type Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₄Ta₀.₆O₁₂(LLZTO)as the solid electrolyte for Li-CO₂ batteries.By a simple solid-state reaction under vacuum,LLZTO was tightly composited with organic materials.Detailed analysis confirms that a three-in-one effect was achieved,resulting in additional Li⁺ migration pathways,improved mechanical properties of the electrolyte,and more active sites for Li₂CO₃ decomposition.This contributes to accelerated Li⁺ transport and fast CO₂reaction kinetics.A solid-state Li-CO₂ cell was assembled using a Ru@C cathode and an integrated layer of LLZTO@PVDF interfaced with an artificial molten salt.An exceptionally low charging overpotential(below 3.0 V)was achieved,maintaining a charge potential retention rate of over 99%.This work introduces LLZTO as a promising electrolyte for solid-state Li-CO₂ batteries,shedding light on the advancement of next-generation Li-CO₂ battery technologies.
