Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1-1105.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00463-y.In this article all authors name was missing in the springer link.It has been corrected.The original ar...Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1-1105.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00463-y.In this article all authors name was missing in the springer link.It has been corrected.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
Purpose For the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a green-field fourth-generation storage ring light source,the prelimi-nary design report(PDR)was completed in 2018,when the accelerator physics design had been basically...Purpose For the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a green-field fourth-generation storage ring light source,the prelimi-nary design report(PDR)was completed in 2018,when the accelerator physics design had been basically finished.During the subsequent hardware and engineering design of the HEPS storage ring based on the PDR design,a few problems and challenges emerged,calling for modifications of the lattice.Method In this paper,we will introduce the background and reasons for the modifications and present the linear optics and simulation results for the nonlinear performance of the modified lattice of the HEPS storage ring.Result and conclusion The modified lattice satisfies the requirements from hardware and engineering design.展开更多
Purpose A new rotating coil measurement system based on the coordinate measurement machine(CMM)is developed for measuring high-gradient small-aperture quadrupole magnet in the Test Facility of High Energy Photon Sourc...Purpose A new rotating coil measurement system based on the coordinate measurement machine(CMM)is developed for measuring high-gradient small-aperture quadrupole magnet in the Test Facility of High Energy Photon Source(HEPS-TF).Methods The CMMand two groups of Newport translate stages are combined to align the rotating coil relative to the magnet mechanical center.A high precision ceramic skeleton with bucked coil is made as a measurement sensor.The integrated field gradient,harmonics,magnetic center offset and excitation curve of a high-gradient small-aperture quadrupole prototype magnet are measured.Results The rotating coil is aligned to the magnet mechanical center within 10μm.The reproducibility of higher harmonics is within 0.2×10–4.The repeatability of the magnet center in horizontal direction is under 1.5μm,while that in vertical direction is less than 2.5μm in different days.The architecture of the measurement system,the measuring procedure and some primary results of the quadrupole prototype magnet are illustrated in this paper.Conclusion A rotating coil measurement system based on CMM has been well developed,and the collimation efficiency and precision are improved.The harmonic changes caused by iron fingers are measured by the measurement system.The difference between the measurement result and the OPERA-3D simulation result is less than 0.5×10–4.The performance of this measurement system can meet the magnet measurement requirements of HEPS-TF.展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 3...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.展开更多
TheHigh Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is the fourth generation light source with high brilliance and lowemittance.The lattice of the storage ring consists of five different dipoles with longitudinal gradients.The longitud...TheHigh Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is the fourth generation light source with high brilliance and lowemittance.The lattice of the storage ring consists of five different dipoles with longitudinal gradients.The longitudinal-gradient dipoles(BLGs)are permanent magnets.This paper presents the construction of BLGs and the magnetic field results using OPERA3D.By optimizing the shape of the polar surface,the magnetic field uniformity is optimized to about 2×10−4.With some adjustable screws,the magnetic field is controlled accurately.Some temperature compensation shunt sheets are arranged to make the temperature stability of magnets better than±50 ppm/°C.At last,the mechanical tolerances of the magnets are studied.展开更多
Background High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source to be established in China.HEPS is a high-performance and high-energy synchrotron radiation light source with a beam ener...Background High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source to be established in China.HEPS is a high-performance and high-energy synchrotron radiation light source with a beam energy of 6 GeV and an ultra-low emittance of better than 0.06 nm×rad(http://english.ihep.cas.cn/heps/index.html).Superconducting 3W1 wiggler magnet is one of the insertion devices in High Energy Photon Source Test Facility project(HEPS-TF).And it is also the key component to obtain higher brightness in high photon energy range.Purpose In the development process of superconducting wiggler,in order to ensure the magnetic field quality of each processing,it is necessary to monitor the magnetic field performance of before and after the full length bare magnet installed with cryostat.Therefore,different magnetic field measuring devices are being developed for different develop stages.Methods The magnetic field performance of the full length bare magnet should be tested in vertical at low temperature.After the magnetic structure is installed in the horizontal cryostat,the horizontal test is carried out.In view of these two processes,the vertical magnetic field measurement system and the horizontal magnetic field measurement system have been developed,respectively.Results The magnetic performances of the full length bare magnet and assembled with the horizontal cryostat were measured by the vertical and horizontal magnetic field measurement system.The first and second field integrals are corrected to better than the Physical requirements according to the magnetic field measurement results.Detailed magnetic field performances are described in this paper.Conclusion After more than a year operation of 3W1-SCW on the BII line station,the characteristic energy and photon flux of synchrotron radiation have been greatly improved,and the performance is excellent.It indicates that the measurement results of the magnetic field measurement system are reliable and credible.展开更多
Introduction The circular electron-positron collider(CEPC)with a circumference about 100 km,a beam energy up to 120 GeV is proposed by the Institute of High Energy Physics.The heart of the CEPC is a double-ring collid...Introduction The circular electron-positron collider(CEPC)with a circumference about 100 km,a beam energy up to 120 GeV is proposed by the Institute of High Energy Physics.The heart of the CEPC is a double-ring collider with two interaction points.In each side of the collision point,superconducting double-aperture quadrupole magnets based on cos2θdesign which is named QD0 and QF1 separately are required.Such kind of superconducting magnet is designed first time in domestic.Mechanical stability analysis is very important for superconducting magnet before manufacture.This paper mainly focused on the mechanical analysis of the prototype for QD0.Materials and methods A 2D 2-layers model was developed using ANSYS to simulate the stress distribution in the coil from collaring process at room temperature to low temperature excitation.Conclusion As part of the CEPC project,a 40 mm bore diameter superconducting double-aperture quadrupole magnet named QD0 is being designed and the physical calculation has been completed.This paper introduces the mechanical design,simulation model of prototype for QD0,and mainly expounds on stress analysis.The stress distribution during 4 stages including collaring(load application),collaring(inserting keys),cooling down and excitation is described in detail.展开更多
Purpose In the standard design method of straight dipole magnets,the good field region is symmetric to the magnet mechanical center both in 2D and in 3D,so the obtained field quality is not the actual one because the ...Purpose In the standard design method of straight dipole magnets,the good field region is symmetric to the magnet mechanical center both in 2D and in 3D,so the obtained field quality is not the actual one because the field integration lines are not consistent with the curved beam paths.In this paper,an improved method for straight dipole magnets aiming at obtaining accurate field quality is proposed.Methods The field quality is calculated by taking into account the relationship of the good field region to the magnet straight geometry.General description of the improved method is introduced,and two application examples of straight dipole magnets are presented to investigate the detailed field quality difference between the improved and traditional methods.The result of the improved method is also compared with the field quality calculated along particle trajectory in OPERA-3D.Results It is shown that the difference in field quality between the improved and traditional methods cannot be neglected,and the field quality in the improved method is very close to the one calculated along real beam paths.Conclusion The field quality in the improved method is accurate enough for practical application in a straight dipole magnet.展开更多
Introduction The superconducting wiggler magnet named as 3W1 is the key device for the test facility for the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS).The magnet structure is 1430 mm long with a gap of 68 mm,and the designed pe...Introduction The superconducting wiggler magnet named as 3W1 is the key device for the test facility for the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS).The magnet structure is 1430 mm long with a gap of 68 mm,and the designed peak field is 2.6 T.The main magnet part is comprised by 28 main coils and 4 correction coils at both ends.Due to the large gap and high field,the manufacturing process is extremely difficult.Method During R&D,the problems of coil winding,impregnation,pre-stress evaluation and quench risk control were solved by optimizing the technology.The coils were divided into groups to complete the cryogenic test,and the qualified coils were selected to complete the assembly of the magnet.Conclusion The bare magnet has been tested with liquid helium bath in April 2018 in IHEP,and the loading current reached up to 345 A resulting in the expected 2.61 T.In this paper,the technology about the coil winding,impregnation,assembling and test is presented in detail.展开更多
文摘Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1-1105.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00463-y.In this article all authors name was missing in the springer link.It has been corrected.The original article has been corrected.
基金supported by the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a major national science and technol-ogy infrastructurethe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11922512)+1 种基金Youth Inno-vation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y201904)Bureau of Frontier Sciences and Education of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH001)
文摘Purpose For the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a green-field fourth-generation storage ring light source,the prelimi-nary design report(PDR)was completed in 2018,when the accelerator physics design had been basically finished.During the subsequent hardware and engineering design of the HEPS storage ring based on the PDR design,a few problems and challenges emerged,calling for modifications of the lattice.Method In this paper,we will introduce the background and reasons for the modifications and present the linear optics and simulation results for the nonlinear performance of the modified lattice of the HEPS storage ring.Result and conclusion The modified lattice satisfies the requirements from hardware and engineering design.
文摘Purpose A new rotating coil measurement system based on the coordinate measurement machine(CMM)is developed for measuring high-gradient small-aperture quadrupole magnet in the Test Facility of High Energy Photon Source(HEPS-TF).Methods The CMMand two groups of Newport translate stages are combined to align the rotating coil relative to the magnet mechanical center.A high precision ceramic skeleton with bucked coil is made as a measurement sensor.The integrated field gradient,harmonics,magnetic center offset and excitation curve of a high-gradient small-aperture quadrupole prototype magnet are measured.Results The rotating coil is aligned to the magnet mechanical center within 10μm.The reproducibility of higher harmonics is within 0.2×10–4.The repeatability of the magnet center in horizontal direction is under 1.5μm,while that in vertical direction is less than 2.5μm in different days.The architecture of the measurement system,the measuring procedure and some primary results of the quadrupole prototype magnet are illustrated in this paper.Conclusion A rotating coil measurement system based on CMM has been well developed,and the collimation efficiency and precision are improved.The harmonic changes caused by iron fingers are measured by the measurement system.The difference between the measurement result and the OPERA-3D simulation result is less than 0.5×10–4.The performance of this measurement system can meet the magnet measurement requirements of HEPS-TF.
基金support from diverse funding sources,including the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Yifang Wang's Science Studio of the Ten Thousand Talents Project,the CAS Key Foreign Cooperation Grant,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,the CAS Focused Science Grant,the IHEP Innovation Grant,the CAS Lead Special Training Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the CAS International Partnership Program,and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.
文摘TheHigh Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is the fourth generation light source with high brilliance and lowemittance.The lattice of the storage ring consists of five different dipoles with longitudinal gradients.The longitudinal-gradient dipoles(BLGs)are permanent magnets.This paper presents the construction of BLGs and the magnetic field results using OPERA3D.By optimizing the shape of the polar surface,the magnetic field uniformity is optimized to about 2×10−4.With some adjustable screws,the magnetic field is controlled accurately.Some temperature compensation shunt sheets are arranged to make the temperature stability of magnets better than±50 ppm/°C.At last,the mechanical tolerances of the magnets are studied.
文摘Background High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source to be established in China.HEPS is a high-performance and high-energy synchrotron radiation light source with a beam energy of 6 GeV and an ultra-low emittance of better than 0.06 nm×rad(http://english.ihep.cas.cn/heps/index.html).Superconducting 3W1 wiggler magnet is one of the insertion devices in High Energy Photon Source Test Facility project(HEPS-TF).And it is also the key component to obtain higher brightness in high photon energy range.Purpose In the development process of superconducting wiggler,in order to ensure the magnetic field quality of each processing,it is necessary to monitor the magnetic field performance of before and after the full length bare magnet installed with cryostat.Therefore,different magnetic field measuring devices are being developed for different develop stages.Methods The magnetic field performance of the full length bare magnet should be tested in vertical at low temperature.After the magnetic structure is installed in the horizontal cryostat,the horizontal test is carried out.In view of these two processes,the vertical magnetic field measurement system and the horizontal magnetic field measurement system have been developed,respectively.Results The magnetic performances of the full length bare magnet and assembled with the horizontal cryostat were measured by the vertical and horizontal magnetic field measurement system.The first and second field integrals are corrected to better than the Physical requirements according to the magnetic field measurement results.Detailed magnetic field performances are described in this paper.Conclusion After more than a year operation of 3W1-SCW on the BII line station,the characteristic energy and photon flux of synchrotron radiation have been greatly improved,and the performance is excellent.It indicates that the measurement results of the magnetic field measurement system are reliable and credible.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Contract 11875272.
文摘Introduction The circular electron-positron collider(CEPC)with a circumference about 100 km,a beam energy up to 120 GeV is proposed by the Institute of High Energy Physics.The heart of the CEPC is a double-ring collider with two interaction points.In each side of the collision point,superconducting double-aperture quadrupole magnets based on cos2θdesign which is named QD0 and QF1 separately are required.Such kind of superconducting magnet is designed first time in domestic.Mechanical stability analysis is very important for superconducting magnet before manufacture.This paper mainly focused on the mechanical analysis of the prototype for QD0.Materials and methods A 2D 2-layers model was developed using ANSYS to simulate the stress distribution in the coil from collaring process at room temperature to low temperature excitation.Conclusion As part of the CEPC project,a 40 mm bore diameter superconducting double-aperture quadrupole magnet named QD0 is being designed and the physical calculation has been completed.This paper introduces the mechanical design,simulation model of prototype for QD0,and mainly expounds on stress analysis.The stress distribution during 4 stages including collaring(load application),collaring(inserting keys),cooling down and excitation is described in detail.
文摘Purpose In the standard design method of straight dipole magnets,the good field region is symmetric to the magnet mechanical center both in 2D and in 3D,so the obtained field quality is not the actual one because the field integration lines are not consistent with the curved beam paths.In this paper,an improved method for straight dipole magnets aiming at obtaining accurate field quality is proposed.Methods The field quality is calculated by taking into account the relationship of the good field region to the magnet straight geometry.General description of the improved method is introduced,and two application examples of straight dipole magnets are presented to investigate the detailed field quality difference between the improved and traditional methods.The result of the improved method is also compared with the field quality calculated along particle trajectory in OPERA-3D.Results It is shown that the difference in field quality between the improved and traditional methods cannot be neglected,and the field quality in the improved method is very close to the one calculated along real beam paths.Conclusion The field quality in the improved method is accurate enough for practical application in a straight dipole magnet.
文摘Introduction The superconducting wiggler magnet named as 3W1 is the key device for the test facility for the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS).The magnet structure is 1430 mm long with a gap of 68 mm,and the designed peak field is 2.6 T.The main magnet part is comprised by 28 main coils and 4 correction coils at both ends.Due to the large gap and high field,the manufacturing process is extremely difficult.Method During R&D,the problems of coil winding,impregnation,pre-stress evaluation and quench risk control were solved by optimizing the technology.The coils were divided into groups to complete the cryogenic test,and the qualified coils were selected to complete the assembly of the magnet.Conclusion The bare magnet has been tested with liquid helium bath in April 2018 in IHEP,and the loading current reached up to 345 A resulting in the expected 2.61 T.In this paper,the technology about the coil winding,impregnation,assembling and test is presented in detail.
