Microplastics and nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),raising significant concerns about their impact on human health.Research highlights the h...Microplastics and nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),raising significant concerns about their impact on human health.Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems,influencing germ cells,embryo development,and progeny.Additionally,studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo,inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation.Considering these adverse effects,identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important.Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects.Among these,anthocyanins,natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers,exhibit a wide range of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-neoplastic properties.Moreover,anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity.Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G),one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins,shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity,particularly in females,and in protecting male reproductive organs,including the testis and epididymis.This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors,specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors(ERs).These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs.This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health,especially concerning reproductive health.展开更多
Young moso bamboo shoots are a popular seasonal food and an important source of income for farmers,with value for cultivation estimated at$30,000 per hectare.Bamboo also has great environmental importance and its uniq...Young moso bamboo shoots are a popular seasonal food and an important source of income for farmers,with value for cultivation estimated at$30,000 per hectare.Bamboo also has great environmental importance and its unique physiology is of scientific interest.A rare and valuable phenomenon has recently appeared where a large number of adjacent buds within a single moso bamboo rhizome have grown into shoots.Although of practical importance for the production of edible shoots,such occurrences have not been scientifically studied,due to their rarity.Analysis of collected reports from enhanced shoot production events in China showed no evidence that enhanced shoot development was heritable.We report the analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome from a rhizome with 18 shoots,compared to rhizomes having one or no shoots as controls.The community of prokaryotes,but not fungi,correlated with the shoot number.Burkholderia was the most abundant genus,which was negatively correlated with rhizome shoot number,while Clostridia and Ktedonobacteria were positively correlated.Two Burkholderia strains were isolated and their plant-growth promoting activity was tested.The isolated Burkholderia strains attenuated the growth of bamboo seedlings.These data provide the first study on excessive shoot development in bamboo,which will facilitate hypothesis building for future studies.展开更多
Background The problem caused by viral hepatitis is a major public health challenge faced in the past decade,and the global goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030 is still far away.With the use of hepatitis B vac...Background The problem caused by viral hepatitis is a major public health challenge faced in the past decade,and the global goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030 is still far away.With the use of hepatitis B vaccine and the launch of new drugs,there are more means to control viral hepatitis and more technologies to prevent,diagnose and treat it.While improving the coverage of vaccine use,drugs for treating hepatitis B are not only becoming more effective,but also decreasing in price.The objective of this article was to explore the urgent issues that need to be addressed in global viral hepatitis with the increasing availability of vaccines and antiviral drugs.Main text The updated World Health Organization guidelines for the prevention,diagnosis,care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection(2024 edition)and Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B(version 2022)simplify clinical algorithms for the diagnosis,treatment,and monitoring of hepatitis B,expand treatment eligibility criteria,and provide alternative treatment options,which will cover a higher proportion of all hepatitis B surface antigen positive populations.These actions promote the global goal of eliminating the public health hazards of viral hepatitis by 2030.Among the countries that have made remarkable progress in eliminating viral hepatitis policies,the key strategy is to simplify the diagnosis and treatment plan.Furthermore,the World Health Organization has identified 38 priority countries for viral hepatitis.Expand access to viral hepatitis services in these countries.Conclusions Regions and countries with the high burden of viral hepatitis still need to take urgent action regarding the new measures proposed by the WHO to achieve the 2030 targets.First,countries must establish a complete public health system aligned with the World Health Organization’s strategy.Second,provide effective,peopleoriented services and public prevention strategies.Third,prioritize the implementation of health strategies in the 38 identified priority countries.Finally,use complete and measurable data to monitor progress.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Public health laboratories(PHLs)are critical for effectively identifying,detecting,preventing,and responding to emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.Following the ...Summary What is already known about this topic?Public health laboratories(PHLs)are critical for effectively identifying,detecting,preventing,and responding to emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.Following the 2014 Ebola outbreak,Sierra Leone implemented a national laboratory strategic plan(2015–2020)aimed at creating,strengthening,and maintaining laboratory capacities for detecting,assessing,notifying,and reporting incidents,with a requirement to review PHL capabilities every five years.展开更多
Background and Aims:The World Health Organization(WHO)Western Pacific Region set a target of eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)by 2030.To assess the feasibility of this target in C...Background and Aims:The World Health Organization(WHO)Western Pacific Region set a target of eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)by 2030.To assess the feasibility of this target in China,we carried out an epidemiological study to investigate the status quo of MTCT in the real-world setting.Methods:One thousand and eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive preg-nant women were enrolled at 10 hospitals.Immunoprophy-laxis was administered to infants.In addition,mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL were advised to initiate antiviral therapy during late pregnancy.A health application called SHIELD was used to manage the study.Results:Nine hundred and five of the enrolled mothers,with 924 infants,completed the follow-up.Birth-dose hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin were received by 99.7%and 99.7%of infants,respectively,within 24 h after birth.There ;were 446 mothers who received antiviral therapy,including 72.3%of the mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL and 21.0%of the mothers with HBV DNA level<2,000,000 IU/mL.Eight infants were infected with HBV.The overall rate of MTCT was 0.9%.Birth defects were rare(0.5%among in-fants with maternal antiviral exposure versus 0.7%among infants without exposure;p=1.00).Conclusions:The MTCT rate was lower than the WHO Western Pacific Region elimina-tion MTCT target in this real-world study,indicating that a comprehensive management composed of immunoprophy-laxis to infants and antiviral prophylaxis to mothers may be a feasible strategy to achieve the 2030 WHO elimination goal.展开更多
The cuticle is the outer physical barrier of aerial plant surfaces and an important interaction point between plants and the environment. Many environmental stresses affect cuticle formation, yet the regulatory pathwa...The cuticle is the outer physical barrier of aerial plant surfaces and an important interaction point between plants and the environment. Many environmental stresses affect cuticle formation, yet the regulatory pathways involved remain undefined. We used a genetics and gene expression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana to define an abscisic acid （ABA） signaling loop that positively regulates cuticle formation via the core ABA signaling pathway, including the PYR/PYL receptors, PP2C phosphatase, and SNF1-Related Protein Kinase （SnRK） 2.21SnRK2.3/SnRK2.6. Downstream of the SnRK2 kinases, cuticle formation was not regulated by the ABA-responsive element-binding transcription factors but rather by DEWAX, MYB16, MYB94, and MYB96. Additionally, low air humidity increased cuticle formation independent of the core ABA pathway and cell death/reactive oxygen species signaling attenuated expression of cuticle-biosynthesis genes. In Physcornitrella patens, exogenous ABA suppressed expression of cuticle- related genes, whose Arabidopsis orthologs were ABA-induced. Hence, the mechanisms regulating cuticle formation are conserved but sophisticated in land plants. Signaling specifically related to cuticle deficiency was identified to play a major role in the adaptation of ABA signaling pathway mutants to increased humidity and in modulating their immunity to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. These results define a cuticle-specific downstream branch in the ABA signaling pathway that regulates responses to the external environment.展开更多
The C-repeat binding factors/dehydrationresponsive element binding protein 1 s(CBFs/DREB1 s)have been identified as major regulators of cold acclimation in many angiosperm plants.However,their origin and evolutionary ...The C-repeat binding factors/dehydrationresponsive element binding protein 1 s(CBFs/DREB1 s)have been identified as major regulators of cold acclimation in many angiosperm plants.However,their origin and evolutionary process associated to cold responsiveness are still lacking.By integrating multi-omics data of genomes,transcriptomes,and CBFs/DREB1 s genome-wide binding profiles,we unveil the origin and evolution of CBFs/DREB1 s and their regulatory network.Gene collinearity and phylogeny analyses show that CBF/DREB1 is an innovation evolved from tandem duplication-derived DREBⅢgene.A subsequent event of e-whole genome duplication led to two CBF/DREB1 archetypes(CladesⅠandⅡ)in ancient angiosperms.In contrast to cold-insensitivity of Clade I and their parent DREBⅢgenes,CladeⅡevolved a further innovation in cold-sensitive response and was stepwise expanded in eudicots and monocots by independent duplications.In geological time,the duplication events were mainly enriched around the Cretaceous-Paleogene(K-Pg)boundary and/or in the Late Cenozoic Ice Age,when the global average temperature significantly decreased.Consequently,the duplicated CBF/DREB1 genes contributed to the rewiring of CBFs/DREB1 s-regulatory network for cold tolerance.Altogether,our results highlight an origin and convergent evolution of CBFs/DREB1 s and their regulatory network probably for angiosperms adaptation to global cooling.展开更多
The World Health Organization(WHO)has set the goal of eliminating hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030.Blocking mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)is not only the key to eliminating v...The World Health Organization(WHO)has set the goal of eliminating hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030.Blocking mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)is not only the key to eliminating viral hepatitis,but also a hot issue in the field of hepatitis B prevention and treatment.To standardize the clinical management of preventing MTCT of HBV and achieve zero HBV infection among infants,the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control organized experts to compile a management algorithm for prevention of MTCT of HBV based on the latest research progress and guidelines,including 10 steps of pregnancy management and postpartum follow-up,among which screening,antiviral treatment,and infant immunization are its core components.展开更多
Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social costs.However,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combin...Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social costs.However,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combina-tion vaccines.By reviewing and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data,in this commentary we identify gaps and challenges to combination vaccine use and make recommendations for promoting use of higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in China.Challenges are in four dimensions:(1)legislation and regulation,(2)immunization schedule design,(3)vaccine awareness and price,and(4)research and development capacity.To optimize the use of combination vaccines to reduce vaccine-preventable disease burden,we make recommendations that address key challenges:(1)develop policies and regulations to strengthen enforcement of the Vaccine Administration Law and remove regulatory hurdles that hinder combination vaccine research and development,(2)establish an evi-dence-informed policy-making mechanism for combination vaccines,(3)resolve immunization schedule conflicts between monovalent and combination vaccines,and(4)implement effective interventions to increase vaccine awareness and reduce price.展开更多
Vaccinium darrowii is a subtropical wild blueberry species that has been used to breed economically important southern highbush cultivars.The adaptive traits of V.darrowii to subtropical climates can provide valuable ...Vaccinium darrowii is a subtropical wild blueberry species that has been used to breed economically important southern highbush cultivars.The adaptive traits of V.darrowii to subtropical climates can provide valuable information for breeding blueberry and perhaps other plants,especially against the background of global warming.Here,we assembled the V.darrowii genome into 12 pseudochromosomes using Oxford Nanopore long reads complemented with Hi-C scaffolding technologies,and we predicted 41815 genes using RNA-sequencing evidence.Syntenic analysis across three Vaccinium species revealed a highly conserved genome structure,with the highest collinearity between V.darrowii and Vaccinium corymbosum.This conserved genome structure may explain the high fertility observed during crossbreeding of V.darrowii with other blueberry cultivars.Analysis of gene expansion and tandem duplication indicated possible roles for defense-and flowering-associated genes in the adaptation of V.darrowii to the subtropics.Putative SOC1 genes in V.darrowii were identified based on phylogeny and expression analysis.Blueberries are covered in a thick cuticle layer and contain anthocyanins,which confer their powdery blue color.Using RNA sequencing,we delineated the cuticle biosynthesis pathways of Vaccinium species in V.darrowii.This result can serve as a reference for breeding berries whose colors are appealing to customers.The V.darrowii reference genome,together with the unique traits of this species,including its diploid genome,short vegetative phase,and high compatibility in hybridization with other blueberries,make V.darrowii a potential research model for blueberry species.展开更多
By 26 August 2022, the number of cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUA) has drastically increased to 1115 distributed in 35 countries that fulfill the World Health Organization definition. Several hypothe...By 26 August 2022, the number of cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUA) has drastically increased to 1115 distributed in 35 countries that fulfill the World Health Organization definition. Several hypotheses on the cause of AHUA have been proposed and are being investigated around the world. In the recent United Kingdom (UK) report, human adenovirus (HAdV) with adeno-associated virus (AAV) co-infection is the leading hypothesis. However, there is still limited evidence in establishing the causal relationship between AHUA and any potential aetiology. The leading aetiology continues to be HAdV infection. It is reported that HAdV genomics is not unusual among the population in the UK, especially among AUHA cases. Expanding the surveillance of HAdV and AAV in the population and the environment in the countries with AUHA cases is suggested to be the primary action. Metagenomics should be used in detecting other infectious pathogens on a larger scale, to supplement the detection of viruses in the blood, stool, and liver specimens from AUHA cases. It is useful to develop a consensus-specific case definition of AHUA to better understand the characteristics of these cases globally based on all the collected cases.展开更多
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)is an acute zoonosis with a global distribution.China is one of the countries with a high incidence of HFRS,which has long endangered the lives and health of the Chinese peop...Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)is an acute zoonosis with a global distribution.China is one of the countries with a high incidence of HFRS,which has long endangered the lives and health of the Chinese people.The Infectious Disease Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and the Infectious Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organized national multidisciplinary experts,based on domestic and international research results combined with experts’practical experiences,to reach this consensus after thorough discussion.This consensus contains 17 recommendations aimed at prevention and identification of important clinical issues to further standardize the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of HFRS.展开更多
Background:Indoor residual spraying(IRS)is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection.We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global stud...Background:Indoor residual spraying(IRS)is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection.We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies about the impact of IRS on malaria control.Method:We searched PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Scopus for relevant studies published from database establishment to 31 December 2021.Random-effects models were used to perform meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to pool the odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Meta-regression was used to investigate potential factors of heterogeneity across studies.Results:Thirty-eight articles including 81 reports and 1,174,970 individuals were included in the meta-analysis.IRS was associated with lower rates of malaria infection(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.27-0.44).The significantly higher effectiveness was observed in IRS coverage≥80%than in IRS coverage<80%.Pyrethroids was identified to show the greatest performance in malaria control.In addition,higher effectiveness was associated with a lower gross domestic product as well as a higher coverage of IRS and bed net utilization.Conclusions:IRS could induce a positive effect on malaria infection globally.The high IRS coverage and the use of pyrethroids are key measures to reduce malaria infection.More efforts should focus on increasing IRS coverage,developing more effective new insecticides against malaria,and using multiple interventions comprehensively to achieve malaria control goals.展开更多
Background:Enteric infections impose a substantial global health burden annually,especially in countries with inadequate sanitation.This study aims to assess the trends in the burden of enteric infections in China.Met...Background:Enteric infections impose a substantial global health burden annually,especially in countries with inadequate sanitation.This study aims to assess the trends in the burden of enteric infections in China.Methods:Prevalence,incidence,deaths,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)attributed to enteric infections by etiology in China were leveraged from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Temporal trends in the burden of enteric infections from 1990 to 2021 were determined by percent changes and average annual percent change(AAPC).Decomposition analysis for percent changes was conducted to understand the contributions of demographic and epidemiological changes.Results:In 2021,China bore 75.15 million incidence cases and 5,590 deaths from enteric infections,with age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 59.04 per 100,000 and 0.44 per 100,000,respectively.Substan-tial decreases,mainly driven by epidemiological changes,were observed in incidence cases(−74.12%),deaths(−94.09%),and DALYs(−95.60%)from 1990 to 2021.Simultaneously,age-standardized incidence,mortality,and DALY rates showed decreasing trends for enteric infections and the subtypes in China.Diarrheal diseases were consistently the main constituent of the burden of enteric infections in China.Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021,China has made significant strides in the control of enteric infections.This study underscores the need for continued efforts for the improvement of the health system,and enhanced interventions and health promotion strategies for both young and older populations.展开更多
基金supported by two grants:the Ministry of Education and Culture,Finland Seed Funding–Finland-China Food and Health Network(FCFH)2023,University of Eastern Finlandand the Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang A&F University,China(Grant No.:2023CFR008).
文摘Microplastics and nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),raising significant concerns about their impact on human health.Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems,influencing germ cells,embryo development,and progeny.Additionally,studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo,inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation.Considering these adverse effects,identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important.Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects.Among these,anthocyanins,natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers,exhibit a wide range of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-neoplastic properties.Moreover,anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity.Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G),one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins,shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity,particularly in females,and in protecting male reproductive organs,including the testis and epididymis.This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors,specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors(ERs).These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs.This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health,especially concerning reproductive health.
基金supported by the Qianjiang Talent D program to FCthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31700224+4 种基金3187123331770543)the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding(grant no.2016C02056-1)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(grant no.IRT_17R99 to SL)funded by the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Primary Producers 2014-2019(decisions#271832 and 307335).
文摘Young moso bamboo shoots are a popular seasonal food and an important source of income for farmers,with value for cultivation estimated at$30,000 per hectare.Bamboo also has great environmental importance and its unique physiology is of scientific interest.A rare and valuable phenomenon has recently appeared where a large number of adjacent buds within a single moso bamboo rhizome have grown into shoots.Although of practical importance for the production of edible shoots,such occurrences have not been scientifically studied,due to their rarity.Analysis of collected reports from enhanced shoot production events in China showed no evidence that enhanced shoot development was heritable.We report the analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome from a rhizome with 18 shoots,compared to rhizomes having one or no shoots as controls.The community of prokaryotes,but not fungi,correlated with the shoot number.Burkholderia was the most abundant genus,which was negatively correlated with rhizome shoot number,while Clostridia and Ktedonobacteria were positively correlated.Two Burkholderia strains were isolated and their plant-growth promoting activity was tested.The isolated Burkholderia strains attenuated the growth of bamboo seedlings.These data provide the first study on excessive shoot development in bamboo,which will facilitate hypothesis building for future studies.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Peking University),Ministry of Education.
文摘Background The problem caused by viral hepatitis is a major public health challenge faced in the past decade,and the global goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030 is still far away.With the use of hepatitis B vaccine and the launch of new drugs,there are more means to control viral hepatitis and more technologies to prevent,diagnose and treat it.While improving the coverage of vaccine use,drugs for treating hepatitis B are not only becoming more effective,but also decreasing in price.The objective of this article was to explore the urgent issues that need to be addressed in global viral hepatitis with the increasing availability of vaccines and antiviral drugs.Main text The updated World Health Organization guidelines for the prevention,diagnosis,care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection(2024 edition)and Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B(version 2022)simplify clinical algorithms for the diagnosis,treatment,and monitoring of hepatitis B,expand treatment eligibility criteria,and provide alternative treatment options,which will cover a higher proportion of all hepatitis B surface antigen positive populations.These actions promote the global goal of eliminating the public health hazards of viral hepatitis by 2030.Among the countries that have made remarkable progress in eliminating viral hepatitis policies,the key strategy is to simplify the diagnosis and treatment plan.Furthermore,the World Health Organization has identified 38 priority countries for viral hepatitis.Expand access to viral hepatitis services in these countries.Conclusions Regions and countries with the high burden of viral hepatitis still need to take urgent action regarding the new measures proposed by the WHO to achieve the 2030 targets.First,countries must establish a complete public health system aligned with the World Health Organization’s strategy.Second,provide effective,peopleoriented services and public prevention strategies.Third,prioritize the implementation of health strategies in the 38 identified priority countries.Finally,use complete and measurable data to monitor progress.
基金Supported by the pilot project on building capacity of malaria molecular lab epidemiology network in Sierra Leone(INV-003421)and Peking University School of Public Health.The funders had no role in data collection or reporting.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Public health laboratories(PHLs)are critical for effectively identifying,detecting,preventing,and responding to emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.Following the 2014 Ebola outbreak,Sierra Leone implemented a national laboratory strategic plan(2015–2020)aimed at creating,strengthening,and maintaining laboratory capacities for detecting,assessing,notifying,and reporting incidents,with a requirement to review PHL capabilities every five years.
基金the China Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control(CFHPC)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81673243)the Chinese National Research Grant of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Key Projects in Infectious Diseases(Grant No.2017ZX10201201).
文摘Background and Aims:The World Health Organization(WHO)Western Pacific Region set a target of eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)by 2030.To assess the feasibility of this target in China,we carried out an epidemiological study to investigate the status quo of MTCT in the real-world setting.Methods:One thousand and eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive preg-nant women were enrolled at 10 hospitals.Immunoprophy-laxis was administered to infants.In addition,mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL were advised to initiate antiviral therapy during late pregnancy.A health application called SHIELD was used to manage the study.Results:Nine hundred and five of the enrolled mothers,with 924 infants,completed the follow-up.Birth-dose hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin were received by 99.7%and 99.7%of infants,respectively,within 24 h after birth.There ;were 446 mothers who received antiviral therapy,including 72.3%of the mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL and 21.0%of the mothers with HBV DNA level<2,000,000 IU/mL.Eight infants were infected with HBV.The overall rate of MTCT was 0.9%.Birth defects were rare(0.5%among in-fants with maternal antiviral exposure versus 0.7%among infants without exposure;p=1.00).Conclusions:The MTCT rate was lower than the WHO Western Pacific Region elimina-tion MTCT target in this real-world study,indicating that a comprehensive management composed of immunoprophy-laxis to infants and antiviral prophylaxis to mothers may be a feasible strategy to achieve the 2030 WHO elimination goal.
文摘The cuticle is the outer physical barrier of aerial plant surfaces and an important interaction point between plants and the environment. Many environmental stresses affect cuticle formation, yet the regulatory pathways involved remain undefined. We used a genetics and gene expression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana to define an abscisic acid （ABA） signaling loop that positively regulates cuticle formation via the core ABA signaling pathway, including the PYR/PYL receptors, PP2C phosphatase, and SNF1-Related Protein Kinase （SnRK） 2.21SnRK2.3/SnRK2.6. Downstream of the SnRK2 kinases, cuticle formation was not regulated by the ABA-responsive element-binding transcription factors but rather by DEWAX, MYB16, MYB94, and MYB96. Additionally, low air humidity increased cuticle formation independent of the core ABA pathway and cell death/reactive oxygen species signaling attenuated expression of cuticle-biosynthesis genes. In Physcornitrella patens, exogenous ABA suppressed expression of cuticle- related genes, whose Arabidopsis orthologs were ABA-induced. Hence, the mechanisms regulating cuticle formation are conserved but sophisticated in land plants. Signaling specifically related to cuticle deficiency was identified to play a major role in the adaptation of ABA signaling pathway mutants to increased humidity and in modulating their immunity to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. These results define a cuticle-specific downstream branch in the ABA signaling pathway that regulates responses to the external environment.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871233)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY22C160005)。
文摘The C-repeat binding factors/dehydrationresponsive element binding protein 1 s(CBFs/DREB1 s)have been identified as major regulators of cold acclimation in many angiosperm plants.However,their origin and evolutionary process associated to cold responsiveness are still lacking.By integrating multi-omics data of genomes,transcriptomes,and CBFs/DREB1 s genome-wide binding profiles,we unveil the origin and evolution of CBFs/DREB1 s and their regulatory network.Gene collinearity and phylogeny analyses show that CBF/DREB1 is an innovation evolved from tandem duplication-derived DREBⅢgene.A subsequent event of e-whole genome duplication led to two CBF/DREB1 archetypes(CladesⅠandⅡ)in ancient angiosperms.In contrast to cold-insensitivity of Clade I and their parent DREBⅢgenes,CladeⅡevolved a further innovation in cold-sensitive response and was stepwise expanded in eudicots and monocots by independent duplications.In geological time,the duplication events were mainly enriched around the Cretaceous-Paleogene(K-Pg)boundary and/or in the Late Cenozoic Ice Age,when the global average temperature significantly decreased.Consequently,the duplicated CBF/DREB1 genes contributed to the rewiring of CBFs/DREB1 s-regulatory network for cold tolerance.Altogether,our results highlight an origin and convergent evolution of CBFs/DREB1 s and their regulatory network probably for angiosperms adaptation to global cooling.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81673243)Sanming Project of Medi-cine in Shenzhen(SZSM201911001).
文摘The World Health Organization(WHO)has set the goal of eliminating hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030.Blocking mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)is not only the key to eliminating viral hepatitis,but also a hot issue in the field of hepatitis B prevention and treatment.To standardize the clinical management of preventing MTCT of HBV and achieve zero HBV infection among infants,the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control organized experts to compile a management algorithm for prevention of MTCT of HBV based on the latest research progress and guidelines,including 10 steps of pregnancy management and postpartum follow-up,among which screening,antiviral treatment,and infant immunization are its core components.
文摘Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social costs.However,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combina-tion vaccines.By reviewing and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data,in this commentary we identify gaps and challenges to combination vaccine use and make recommendations for promoting use of higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in China.Challenges are in four dimensions:(1)legislation and regulation,(2)immunization schedule design,(3)vaccine awareness and price,and(4)research and development capacity.To optimize the use of combination vaccines to reduce vaccine-preventable disease burden,we make recommendations that address key challenges:(1)develop policies and regulations to strengthen enforcement of the Vaccine Administration Law and remove regulatory hurdles that hinder combination vaccine research and development,(2)establish an evi-dence-informed policy-making mechanism for combination vaccines,(3)resolve immunization schedule conflicts between monovalent and combination vaccines,and(4)implement effective interventions to increase vaccine awareness and reduce price.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant LY22C160005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 31700224)+2 种基金Innovative Scientific and Technological Talents in Henan Province(no.20HASTIT041)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Henan Province(no.202300410041)as well as a Nanyang Technological University startup grant and the Academy of Finland(decisions 318288 and 319947)to J.S.
文摘Vaccinium darrowii is a subtropical wild blueberry species that has been used to breed economically important southern highbush cultivars.The adaptive traits of V.darrowii to subtropical climates can provide valuable information for breeding blueberry and perhaps other plants,especially against the background of global warming.Here,we assembled the V.darrowii genome into 12 pseudochromosomes using Oxford Nanopore long reads complemented with Hi-C scaffolding technologies,and we predicted 41815 genes using RNA-sequencing evidence.Syntenic analysis across three Vaccinium species revealed a highly conserved genome structure,with the highest collinearity between V.darrowii and Vaccinium corymbosum.This conserved genome structure may explain the high fertility observed during crossbreeding of V.darrowii with other blueberry cultivars.Analysis of gene expansion and tandem duplication indicated possible roles for defense-and flowering-associated genes in the adaptation of V.darrowii to the subtropics.Putative SOC1 genes in V.darrowii were identified based on phylogeny and expression analysis.Blueberries are covered in a thick cuticle layer and contain anthocyanins,which confer their powdery blue color.Using RNA sequencing,we delineated the cuticle biosynthesis pathways of Vaccinium species in V.darrowii.This result can serve as a reference for breeding berries whose colors are appealing to customers.The V.darrowii reference genome,together with the unique traits of this species,including its diploid genome,short vegetative phase,and high compatibility in hybridization with other blueberries,make V.darrowii a potential research model for blueberry species.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2301604)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Peking University Health Science Center(BMU20170607)+1 种基金Peking University Medicine Fund of Fostering Young Scholars’ Scientific & Technological Innovation(BMU2021PY005)Joint Research Fund for Beijing Natural Science Foundation and Haidian Original Innovation(L202007).
文摘By 26 August 2022, the number of cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUA) has drastically increased to 1115 distributed in 35 countries that fulfill the World Health Organization definition. Several hypotheses on the cause of AHUA have been proposed and are being investigated around the world. In the recent United Kingdom (UK) report, human adenovirus (HAdV) with adeno-associated virus (AAV) co-infection is the leading hypothesis. However, there is still limited evidence in establishing the causal relationship between AHUA and any potential aetiology. The leading aetiology continues to be HAdV infection. It is reported that HAdV genomics is not unusual among the population in the UK, especially among AUHA cases. Expanding the surveillance of HAdV and AAV in the population and the environment in the countries with AUHA cases is suggested to be the primary action. Metagenomics should be used in detecting other infectious pathogens on a larger scale, to supplement the detection of viruses in the blood, stool, and liver specimens from AUHA cases. It is useful to develop a consensus-specific case definition of AHUA to better understand the characteristics of these cases globally based on all the collected cases.
文摘Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)is an acute zoonosis with a global distribution.China is one of the countries with a high incidence of HFRS,which has long endangered the lives and health of the Chinese people.The Infectious Disease Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and the Infectious Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organized national multidisciplinary experts,based on domestic and international research results combined with experts’practical experiences,to reach this consensus after thorough discussion.This consensus contains 17 recommendations aimed at prevention and identification of important clinical issues to further standardize the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of HFRS.
基金Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(INV-018912)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Peking University Health Science Center(BMU2021YJ041)+1 种基金Peking University Medicine Fund of Fostering Young Scholars’Scientific&Technological Innovation(BMU2021PY005)Joint Research Fund for Beijing Natural Science Foundation and Haidian Original Innovation(L202007)。
文摘Background:Indoor residual spraying(IRS)is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection.We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies about the impact of IRS on malaria control.Method:We searched PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Scopus for relevant studies published from database establishment to 31 December 2021.Random-effects models were used to perform meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to pool the odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Meta-regression was used to investigate potential factors of heterogeneity across studies.Results:Thirty-eight articles including 81 reports and 1,174,970 individuals were included in the meta-analysis.IRS was associated with lower rates of malaria infection(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.27-0.44).The significantly higher effectiveness was observed in IRS coverage≥80%than in IRS coverage<80%.Pyrethroids was identified to show the greatest performance in malaria control.In addition,higher effectiveness was associated with a lower gross domestic product as well as a higher coverage of IRS and bed net utilization.Conclusions:IRS could induce a positive effect on malaria infection globally.The high IRS coverage and the use of pyrethroids are key measures to reduce malaria infection.More efforts should focus on increasing IRS coverage,developing more effective new insecticides against malaria,and using multiple interventions comprehensively to achieve malaria control goals.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Peking Union Medical College(grant No.3332025108)the Peking Union Medical College Hospital Talent Cultivation Program(Category D-No.UHB60119).
文摘Background:Enteric infections impose a substantial global health burden annually,especially in countries with inadequate sanitation.This study aims to assess the trends in the burden of enteric infections in China.Methods:Prevalence,incidence,deaths,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)attributed to enteric infections by etiology in China were leveraged from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Temporal trends in the burden of enteric infections from 1990 to 2021 were determined by percent changes and average annual percent change(AAPC).Decomposition analysis for percent changes was conducted to understand the contributions of demographic and epidemiological changes.Results:In 2021,China bore 75.15 million incidence cases and 5,590 deaths from enteric infections,with age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 59.04 per 100,000 and 0.44 per 100,000,respectively.Substan-tial decreases,mainly driven by epidemiological changes,were observed in incidence cases(−74.12%),deaths(−94.09%),and DALYs(−95.60%)from 1990 to 2021.Simultaneously,age-standardized incidence,mortality,and DALY rates showed decreasing trends for enteric infections and the subtypes in China.Diarrheal diseases were consistently the main constituent of the burden of enteric infections in China.Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021,China has made significant strides in the control of enteric infections.This study underscores the need for continued efforts for the improvement of the health system,and enhanced interventions and health promotion strategies for both young and older populations.
