The Wangjiazhuang granitic pluton is located in the central Zanhuang Domain,the central part of the North China Craton,which is mainly composed of biotite monzogranite with few mafic microgranular enclaves.Biotite is ...The Wangjiazhuang granitic pluton is located in the central Zanhuang Domain,the central part of the North China Craton,which is mainly composed of biotite monzogranite with few mafic microgranular enclaves.Biotite is an important ferromagnesian mineral in most of the intermediatefelsic igneous rocks,and its mineral chemistry can record the properties of magma and the petrogenetic physicochemical conditions.In this study,we carried out a detailed petrographic study by electric probe microanalysis on biotite for the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves,to discuss the source,physicochemical conditions,and the magma mingling/mixing processes of the Wangjiazhuang granite.The results show significantly different chemical compositions from the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves.The crystallization of these biotite grains from the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves all occurred in low oxygen fugacity.The biotite grains in biotite monzogranite are rich in Fe,poor in Mg,which belong to siderophyllite.The ratios of[(Fe^(3+)+Fe^(2+))/(Fe^(3+)+Fe^(2+)+Mg2+)]are between 0.78 and 0.86.The average of FeOT(total FeO)/MgO of biotite grains in biotite monzogranite is 9.02.The MF values[2×Mg/(Fe^(2+)+Mg+Mn)]of biotite monzogranite are between 0.31 and 0.47,suggesting biotite monzogranite derived from crustal source rocks(metasedimentary rocks).The formation of granitic rocks including the Wangjiazhuang granite was related to the subduction event at ca.2.5 Ga which resulted in the melting event,and then induced the early partial melting of TTGs and metasedimentary rocks.The biotite in mafic microgranular enclaves varies from siderophyllite to ferrobiotite,and MF values range from 0.63 to 1.06,suggesting that magma of mafic microgranular enclaves had experienced magma mixing/mingling in various degrees.Biotite monzogranite and parts of mafic microgranular enclaves have a similar crystallized condition,while other mafic microgranular enclaves are different from biotite monzogranite.The differences between biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves may be a consequence of continuous interaction between granitic and mafic magmas.展开更多
Coffea arabica(Arabica)and C.canephora(Robusta)are the most popular coffee species in the world,accounting for 99%of overall consumption of coffee beans.Arabica generally possesses better coffee quality than Robusta p...Coffea arabica(Arabica)and C.canephora(Robusta)are the most popular coffee species in the world,accounting for 99%of overall consumption of coffee beans.Arabica generally possesses better coffee quality than Robusta partly due its higher sucrose content.The flavor and taste(FT)of coffee,as important aspects of coffee quality,are mainly affected by the content of caffeine,phenolic acid and terpenoid compounds,which use sucrose as an important precursor.However,how sucrose affects the coffee FT remains unclear.In this study,coffee beans at different developmental stages from Arabica#161(A161,high-sucrose variety)and Robusta#6(R6,low-sucrose variety)were sampled to perform transcriptomic analysis.Most differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between them were enriched in sucrose-related metabolisms and the FTrelated metabolism processes:caffeine biosynthesis,phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway,terpenoid metabolism.Thirty-four candidate DEGs probably contributed to the higher content of sucrose,anthocyanin and linalool in A161,and higher content of caffeine and carotenoid in R6.Generally,sucrose-related metabolisms were strongly associated with FT-related substance accumulation.The content of sucrose and its influence on the downstream secondary metabolism probably play important roles in the FT quality of coffee beans.Our results provide efficient targets for investigation regarding the influence of sucrose on FT quality of coffee beans.展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)suffers from poor rate capability,low firstcycle coulombic efficiency,and insufficient cycle stability.To address these issues,HC is commonly modified ...Hard carbon(HC)as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)suffers from poor rate capability,low firstcycle coulombic efficiency,and insufficient cycle stability.To address these issues,HC is commonly modified via hightemperature sintering,hydrothermal synthesis,or gas-phase deposition;however,these methods often introduce impurities due to the use of additives.In this work,dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma,a“clean modification”technique employing energetic particles,is utilized to simultaneously etch the carbon skeleton and dope nitrogen atoms onto the HC surface.By adjusting the modification time,the size of pseudo-graphitic microcrystals can be precisely controlled,while the energetic species generated by the DBD plasma facilitate the formation of nitrogen defects(N-defects).This strategy effectively tailors the pore structure and interfacial wettability of HC,thereby creating additional Na^(+)active sites and enhancing Na^(+)transport kinetics.As a result,the optimized HC-6 sample delivers a reversible capacity of 326.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.02 A g^(-1),along with a capacity retention rate of 92.73%after 800 cycles under high-rate conditions(3 A g^(-1)).Compared with pristine HC,HC-6 exhibits a 14%increase in capacity and a 50%longer cycle life.This study provides valuable insights into the strategic design of HC surface architectures via plasma engineering and promotes the advancement of plasma-modified SIB materials.展开更多
By incorporating an iso spin-dependent form of the momentum-dependent potential in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics(UrQMD)model,we systematically investigate effects of the neutron-proton effective ma...By incorporating an iso spin-dependent form of the momentum-dependent potential in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics(UrQMD)model,we systematically investigate effects of the neutron-proton effective mass splitting m*n-p=m*n-m*p/m and the density-dependent nuclear symmetry energy Esym(ρ)on the elliptic flow v2 in197Au+197 Au collisions at beam energies from 0.09 to 1.5 GeV/nucleon.It is found that at higher beam energies(≥0.25 GeV/nucleon)with the approximately 75 MeV difference in slopes of the two different Esym(ρ),and the variation of m*n-p ranging from-0.03 to 0.03 at saturation density with isospin asymmetryδ=(ρn-ρp)/ρ-0.2,the Esym(ρ)has a stronger influence on the difference in v2 between neutrons and protons,i.e.,v2n-v2p,than m*n-p has.Meanwhile,at lower beam energies(≤0.25 GeV/nucleon),v2n-v2p is sensitive to both the Esym(ρ)and the m*n-p.Moreover,the influence of m*n-p on v2n-v2p is more evident with the parameters of this study when using the soft,rather than stiff,symmetry energy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42072222)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan(Nos.CUGL180406 and CUGCJ1707)+2 种基金the Chinese Ministry of Education Fund(No.BP0719022)the Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan(No.GRMR201901)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-DQC017)。
文摘The Wangjiazhuang granitic pluton is located in the central Zanhuang Domain,the central part of the North China Craton,which is mainly composed of biotite monzogranite with few mafic microgranular enclaves.Biotite is an important ferromagnesian mineral in most of the intermediatefelsic igneous rocks,and its mineral chemistry can record the properties of magma and the petrogenetic physicochemical conditions.In this study,we carried out a detailed petrographic study by electric probe microanalysis on biotite for the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves,to discuss the source,physicochemical conditions,and the magma mingling/mixing processes of the Wangjiazhuang granite.The results show significantly different chemical compositions from the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves.The crystallization of these biotite grains from the biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves all occurred in low oxygen fugacity.The biotite grains in biotite monzogranite are rich in Fe,poor in Mg,which belong to siderophyllite.The ratios of[(Fe^(3+)+Fe^(2+))/(Fe^(3+)+Fe^(2+)+Mg2+)]are between 0.78 and 0.86.The average of FeOT(total FeO)/MgO of biotite grains in biotite monzogranite is 9.02.The MF values[2×Mg/(Fe^(2+)+Mg+Mn)]of biotite monzogranite are between 0.31 and 0.47,suggesting biotite monzogranite derived from crustal source rocks(metasedimentary rocks).The formation of granitic rocks including the Wangjiazhuang granite was related to the subduction event at ca.2.5 Ga which resulted in the melting event,and then induced the early partial melting of TTGs and metasedimentary rocks.The biotite in mafic microgranular enclaves varies from siderophyllite to ferrobiotite,and MF values range from 0.63 to 1.06,suggesting that magma of mafic microgranular enclaves had experienced magma mixing/mingling in various degrees.Biotite monzogranite and parts of mafic microgranular enclaves have a similar crystallized condition,while other mafic microgranular enclaves are different from biotite monzogranite.The differences between biotite monzogranite and mafic microgranular enclaves may be a consequence of continuous interaction between granitic and mafic magmas.
基金the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2018CXTD342)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(No.1630142017001).
文摘Coffea arabica(Arabica)and C.canephora(Robusta)are the most popular coffee species in the world,accounting for 99%of overall consumption of coffee beans.Arabica generally possesses better coffee quality than Robusta partly due its higher sucrose content.The flavor and taste(FT)of coffee,as important aspects of coffee quality,are mainly affected by the content of caffeine,phenolic acid and terpenoid compounds,which use sucrose as an important precursor.However,how sucrose affects the coffee FT remains unclear.In this study,coffee beans at different developmental stages from Arabica#161(A161,high-sucrose variety)and Robusta#6(R6,low-sucrose variety)were sampled to perform transcriptomic analysis.Most differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between them were enriched in sucrose-related metabolisms and the FTrelated metabolism processes:caffeine biosynthesis,phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway,terpenoid metabolism.Thirty-four candidate DEGs probably contributed to the higher content of sucrose,anthocyanin and linalool in A161,and higher content of caffeine and carotenoid in R6.Generally,sucrose-related metabolisms were strongly associated with FT-related substance accumulation.The content of sucrose and its influence on the downstream secondary metabolism probably play important roles in the FT quality of coffee beans.Our results provide efficient targets for investigation regarding the influence of sucrose on FT quality of coffee beans.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175089,12205127)the Applied Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Grant Nos.202401AV070008,202301AS070051,202401AT070329,202301BE070001-052,202301AU070064)the“Xingdian Talent Support Plan”Programs of Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.KKXY202252001,KKXX202452067)。
文摘Hard carbon(HC)as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)suffers from poor rate capability,low firstcycle coulombic efficiency,and insufficient cycle stability.To address these issues,HC is commonly modified via hightemperature sintering,hydrothermal synthesis,or gas-phase deposition;however,these methods often introduce impurities due to the use of additives.In this work,dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma,a“clean modification”technique employing energetic particles,is utilized to simultaneously etch the carbon skeleton and dope nitrogen atoms onto the HC surface.By adjusting the modification time,the size of pseudo-graphitic microcrystals can be precisely controlled,while the energetic species generated by the DBD plasma facilitate the formation of nitrogen defects(N-defects).This strategy effectively tailors the pore structure and interfacial wettability of HC,thereby creating additional Na^(+)active sites and enhancing Na^(+)transport kinetics.As a result,the optimized HC-6 sample delivers a reversible capacity of 326.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.02 A g^(-1),along with a capacity retention rate of 92.73%after 800 cycles under high-rate conditions(3 A g^(-1)).Compared with pristine HC,HC-6 exhibits a 14%increase in capacity and a 50%longer cycle life.This study provides valuable insights into the strategic design of HC surface architectures via plasma engineering and promotes the advancement of plasma-modified SIB materials.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875125,11947410,11847315,11505057)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY18A050002,LY19A050001)the Ten Thousand Talent Program of Zhejiang province(2018R52017)。
文摘By incorporating an iso spin-dependent form of the momentum-dependent potential in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics(UrQMD)model,we systematically investigate effects of the neutron-proton effective mass splitting m*n-p=m*n-m*p/m and the density-dependent nuclear symmetry energy Esym(ρ)on the elliptic flow v2 in197Au+197 Au collisions at beam energies from 0.09 to 1.5 GeV/nucleon.It is found that at higher beam energies(≥0.25 GeV/nucleon)with the approximately 75 MeV difference in slopes of the two different Esym(ρ),and the variation of m*n-p ranging from-0.03 to 0.03 at saturation density with isospin asymmetryδ=(ρn-ρp)/ρ-0.2,the Esym(ρ)has a stronger influence on the difference in v2 between neutrons and protons,i.e.,v2n-v2p,than m*n-p has.Meanwhile,at lower beam energies(≤0.25 GeV/nucleon),v2n-v2p is sensitive to both the Esym(ρ)and the m*n-p.Moreover,the influence of m*n-p on v2n-v2p is more evident with the parameters of this study when using the soft,rather than stiff,symmetry energy.
