Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal ...Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal additives or complex multilayer configurations.To tackle these issues,this study devised a self-activated integrated carbon-based air cathode.By integrating in situ catalytic site construction with structural optimization,the strategy not only induces the formation of oxygen functional groups(─C─OH,─C═O,─COOH),hierarchical pores,and uniformly distributed active sites,but also establishes a favorable electronic and mass-transport environment.Furthermore,the roll-pressing-based integrated design streamlines electrode construction,reinforces interfacial bonding,and significantly enhances mechanical stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that oxygen functional groups initiate hydrogen bonding interaction and promote charge enrichment,which improves the activity of the cathode and facilitates intermediate adsorption/desorption in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions processes.As a result,the integrated air cathode-based rechargeable zinc-air batteries(RZABs)achieve a high specific capacity of 811 mAh g^(-1).It also performs well in quasi-solid-state RZABs and silicon-air batteries systems across a wide temperature range,demonstrating strong adaptability and application potential.This study provides a scalable and cost-effective design strategy for high-performance carbon-based air cathodes,offering new insights into advancing durable and practical metal-air energy systems.展开更多
Toll-like receptors(TLRs)play important roles in immune responses against pathogens and tumors.Recently,TLR8 has gained attention because of its association with multiple inflammatory diseases,infections and antitumor...Toll-like receptors(TLRs)play important roles in immune responses against pathogens and tumors.Recently,TLR8 has gained attention because of its association with multiple inflammatory diseases,infections and antitumor responses.TLR8 senses the degradation products of single-stranded RNA from microbes and self-released RNA to induce type I interferons,inflammatory gene expression and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain–,leucine-rich repeat–and pyrin domain–containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation.So far,the understanding of TLR8 function in vivo is still limited,partially because of lacking a reliable rodent animal model.Murine Tlr8 cannot sense the ligands of human TLR8.In mammals,TLR8 distinguishes live bacteria from dead bacteria to regulate the magnitude of immune responses.Recently,TLR8 has been reported to recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA to induce inflammatory responses,suggesting that TLR8 participates in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In this review,we discuss the mechanism of ligand recognition by TLR8,TLR8-mediated signaling pathways and signaling crosstalk between TLR8 and other molecules,and untangle the contribution of TLR8 to inflammatory diseases,infectious diseases,antitumor immunity and vaccination.展开更多
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(62264006,62574102)“Thousand Talents Program”of Yunnan Province for Young Talents,Innovative Research Teams(in Science and Technology)in the University of Yunnan Province(IRTSTYN),XingDian Talent Support Program for Young Talents,and Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023,The Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(Nos.202201AU070022)+2 种基金Kunming University Talent Introduction Fund(Nos.YJL20024)Yunnan Province Education Department Scientific Research Fund Project(Nos.2024Y759)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project of Yunnan Provincial(202411393005)。
文摘Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal additives or complex multilayer configurations.To tackle these issues,this study devised a self-activated integrated carbon-based air cathode.By integrating in situ catalytic site construction with structural optimization,the strategy not only induces the formation of oxygen functional groups(─C─OH,─C═O,─COOH),hierarchical pores,and uniformly distributed active sites,but also establishes a favorable electronic and mass-transport environment.Furthermore,the roll-pressing-based integrated design streamlines electrode construction,reinforces interfacial bonding,and significantly enhances mechanical stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that oxygen functional groups initiate hydrogen bonding interaction and promote charge enrichment,which improves the activity of the cathode and facilitates intermediate adsorption/desorption in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions processes.As a result,the integrated air cathode-based rechargeable zinc-air batteries(RZABs)achieve a high specific capacity of 811 mAh g^(-1).It also performs well in quasi-solid-state RZABs and silicon-air batteries systems across a wide temperature range,demonstrating strong adaptability and application potential.This study provides a scalable and cost-effective design strategy for high-performance carbon-based air cathodes,offering new insights into advancing durable and practical metal-air energy systems.
文摘Toll-like receptors(TLRs)play important roles in immune responses against pathogens and tumors.Recently,TLR8 has gained attention because of its association with multiple inflammatory diseases,infections and antitumor responses.TLR8 senses the degradation products of single-stranded RNA from microbes and self-released RNA to induce type I interferons,inflammatory gene expression and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain–,leucine-rich repeat–and pyrin domain–containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation.So far,the understanding of TLR8 function in vivo is still limited,partially because of lacking a reliable rodent animal model.Murine Tlr8 cannot sense the ligands of human TLR8.In mammals,TLR8 distinguishes live bacteria from dead bacteria to regulate the magnitude of immune responses.Recently,TLR8 has been reported to recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA to induce inflammatory responses,suggesting that TLR8 participates in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In this review,we discuss the mechanism of ligand recognition by TLR8,TLR8-mediated signaling pathways and signaling crosstalk between TLR8 and other molecules,and untangle the contribution of TLR8 to inflammatory diseases,infectious diseases,antitumor immunity and vaccination.
