Learning-associated functional plasticity at hippocampal synapses remains largely unexplored. Here, in a single session of reward-based trace conditioning, we examine learning-induced synaptic plasticity in the dorsal...Learning-associated functional plasticity at hippocampal synapses remains largely unexplored. Here, in a single session of reward-based trace conditioning, we examine learning-induced synaptic plasticity in the dorsal CA1 hippocampus (dCA1). Local field-potential recording combined with selective optogenetic inhibition first revealed an increase of dCA1 synaptic responses to the conditioned stimulus (CS) induced during conditioning at both Schaffer collaterals to the stratum radiatum (Rad) and temporoammonic input to the lacunosum moleculare (LMol). At these dCA1 inputs, synaptic potentiation of CS-responding excitatory synapses was further demonstrated by locally blocking NMDA receptors during conditioning and whole-cell recording sensory-evoked synaptic responses in dCA1 neurons from naive animals. An overall similar time course of the induction of synaptic potentiation was found in the Rad and LMol by multiple-site recording;this emerged later and saturated earlier than conditioned behavioral responses. Our experiments demonstrate a cued memory-associated dCA1 synaptic plasticity induced at both Schaffer collaterals and temporoammonic pathways.展开更多
Resveratrol(RES),a natural polyphenolic phytochemical,has been suggested as a putative anti-aging molecule for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by the activation of sirtuin 1(Sirt1/Sir2).In this...Resveratrol(RES),a natural polyphenolic phytochemical,has been suggested as a putative anti-aging molecule for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by the activation of sirtuin 1(Sirt1/Sir2).In this study,we tested the effects of RES and Sirt1/Sir2 on sleep and courtship memory in a Drosophila model by overexpression of amyloid precursor protein(APP),whose duplications and mutations cause familial AD.We found a mild but significant transcriptional increase of Drosophila Sir2(dSir2)by RES supplementation for up to 17 days in APP flies,but not for 7 days.RES and dSir2 almost completely reversed the sleep and memory deficits in APP flies.We further demonstrated that dSir2 acts as a sleep promotor in Drosophila neurons.Interestingly,RES increased sleep in the absence of dSir2 in dSir2-null mutants,and RES further enhanced sleep when dSir2 was either overexpressed or knocked down in APP flies.Finally,we showed that Aβaggregates in APP flies were reduced by RES and dSir2,probably via inhibiting Drosophilaβ-secretase(dBACE).Our data suggest that RES rescues the APP-induced behavioral deficits and Aβburden largely,but not exclusively,via dSir2.展开更多
Revealing the epitaxial growth mechanism and the interfacial coupling effect between oxide films will help to build a“structure-property”bridge for the design of microelectronic devices.Here,the epitaxial growth mec...Revealing the epitaxial growth mechanism and the interfacial coupling effect between oxide films will help to build a“structure-property”bridge for the design of microelectronic devices.Here,the epitaxial growth mechanism and the interfacial coupling in Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)/SrTiO_(3)(BNT/STO)heterointerfaces are investigated by the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy,which is synthesized by a hydrothermal method.The results illustrate that 4 mol/L NaOH leads to not only the epitaxial growth of the BNT film but also the mutual diffusion of elements.The uneven distribution of local elements in BNT films is observed and confirmed to impact the cation displacements of B-site and lattice distortion.However,the overall trend of B-site cation displacement at the BNT/STO heterointerfaces is dominated by the interfacial strain.Additionally,the oxygen octahedral tilt exhibits continuous tilt patterns of a^(0)a^(0)a^(0)-a−b^(0)c−-a^(0)a^(0)c−-a^(0)b−c−-a−b−c−from the substrate to BNT film due to the constraint of the substrate and presents a strong correlation with cation displacement.These results are helpful to understand the underlying atomic structures and physical properties of BNT epitaxial thin films.展开更多
By numerically solving the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation, we observe a remarkable strong-field interference pattern in the photoelectron momentum distribution of a hydrogen atom ionized by a few-cycles las...By numerically solving the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation, we observe a remarkable strong-field interference pattern in the photoelectron momentum distribution of a hydrogen atom ionized by a few-cycles laser pulse. This interference pattern is joined together with the familiar near-forward strong-field photoelectron holographic interference. By applying the strong-field approximation theory, we investigate the formation of this interference pattern, which arises from the interference between the backward rescattered part and the direct part of the tunneling ionized electron wave packet. We demonstrate that this backward rescattered photoelectron holographic interference can also be observed in a more realistic parallel two-color laser field. These results pave a new way to look into the atomic and molecular structure with ultrafast timescale.展开更多
Data-driven modelling methods are being developed in the quest to achieve more accurate performance prediction of protons exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems in response to their complicated physicochemical ph...Data-driven modelling methods are being developed in the quest to achieve more accurate performance prediction of protons exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems in response to their complicated physicochemical phenomena. However, there is little research in this field detailing the pre-processing and selection of balance of plants (BOP) features for the input layer of system performance prediction at different current densities. Furthermore, most of the previous research applies neural networks based on simulation data rather than real-time bench or vehicle operation datasets which leads to low robustness and unreliable practical results. This paper details the application of a novel algorithm denoted XGBoost-Boruta, which utilises the combination of an ensemble learning approach and a wrapping approach, to improve the robustness of feature selection and to increase the accuracy and robustness of PEMFC system performance prediction. By introduction of the Z score and shadow features to eliminate the randomness of conventional ensemble learning methods, seven key controllable BOP variables of the hydrogen anode, air cathode and cooling subsystems are selected as the original input variables to determine their dependency on the stack voltage. Two case studies are presented for verification and validation of the proposed algorithm based on the real-time dataset of bench experimental data and data obtained from heavy truck operation at current densities ranging from 100 to 1500 mA/cm2. The feature selection strategy, based on the proposed XGBoost-Boruta algorithm, largely decreases the RMSE by 23.8% and 14.1% and the R^(2) increases by 0.06 and 0.04 of both the bench experimental and the heavy truck validation datasets respectively.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970957 and 31471078)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(19ZR1416600)a 2021-JCJQ-JJ-1089 fund.
文摘Learning-associated functional plasticity at hippocampal synapses remains largely unexplored. Here, in a single session of reward-based trace conditioning, we examine learning-induced synaptic plasticity in the dorsal CA1 hippocampus (dCA1). Local field-potential recording combined with selective optogenetic inhibition first revealed an increase of dCA1 synaptic responses to the conditioned stimulus (CS) induced during conditioning at both Schaffer collaterals to the stratum radiatum (Rad) and temporoammonic input to the lacunosum moleculare (LMol). At these dCA1 inputs, synaptic potentiation of CS-responding excitatory synapses was further demonstrated by locally blocking NMDA receptors during conditioning and whole-cell recording sensory-evoked synaptic responses in dCA1 neurons from naive animals. An overall similar time course of the induction of synaptic potentiation was found in the Rad and LMol by multiple-site recording;this emerged later and saturated earlier than conditioned behavioral responses. Our experiments demonstrate a cued memory-associated dCA1 synaptic plasticity induced at both Schaffer collaterals and temporoammonic pathways.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970999)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(19QA1404900)the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-02-E00037).
文摘Resveratrol(RES),a natural polyphenolic phytochemical,has been suggested as a putative anti-aging molecule for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by the activation of sirtuin 1(Sirt1/Sir2).In this study,we tested the effects of RES and Sirt1/Sir2 on sleep and courtship memory in a Drosophila model by overexpression of amyloid precursor protein(APP),whose duplications and mutations cause familial AD.We found a mild but significant transcriptional increase of Drosophila Sir2(dSir2)by RES supplementation for up to 17 days in APP flies,but not for 7 days.RES and dSir2 almost completely reversed the sleep and memory deficits in APP flies.We further demonstrated that dSir2 acts as a sleep promotor in Drosophila neurons.Interestingly,RES increased sleep in the absence of dSir2 in dSir2-null mutants,and RES further enhanced sleep when dSir2 was either overexpressed or knocked down in APP flies.Finally,we showed that Aβaggregates in APP flies were reduced by RES and dSir2,probably via inhibiting Drosophilaβ-secretase(dBACE).Our data suggest that RES rescues the APP-induced behavioral deficits and Aβburden largely,but not exclusively,via dSir2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant No.51902155the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Revealing the epitaxial growth mechanism and the interfacial coupling effect between oxide films will help to build a“structure-property”bridge for the design of microelectronic devices.Here,the epitaxial growth mechanism and the interfacial coupling in Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)/SrTiO_(3)(BNT/STO)heterointerfaces are investigated by the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy,which is synthesized by a hydrothermal method.The results illustrate that 4 mol/L NaOH leads to not only the epitaxial growth of the BNT film but also the mutual diffusion of elements.The uneven distribution of local elements in BNT films is observed and confirmed to impact the cation displacements of B-site and lattice distortion.However,the overall trend of B-site cation displacement at the BNT/STO heterointerfaces is dominated by the interfacial strain.Additionally,the oxygen octahedral tilt exhibits continuous tilt patterns of a^(0)a^(0)a^(0)-a−b^(0)c−-a^(0)a^(0)c−-a^(0)b−c−-a−b−c−from the substrate to BNT film due to the constraint of the substrate and presents a strong correlation with cation displacement.These results are helpful to understand the underlying atomic structures and physical properties of BNT epitaxial thin films.
基金Project supported by the Key Science and Technology Research of Henan Province,China(Grant Nos.162102210111 and 172102310471)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0403502)
文摘By numerically solving the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation, we observe a remarkable strong-field interference pattern in the photoelectron momentum distribution of a hydrogen atom ionized by a few-cycles laser pulse. This interference pattern is joined together with the familiar near-forward strong-field photoelectron holographic interference. By applying the strong-field approximation theory, we investigate the formation of this interference pattern, which arises from the interference between the backward rescattered part and the direct part of the tunneling ionized electron wave packet. We demonstrate that this backward rescattered photoelectron holographic interference can also be observed in a more realistic parallel two-color laser field. These results pave a new way to look into the atomic and molecular structure with ultrafast timescale.
文摘Data-driven modelling methods are being developed in the quest to achieve more accurate performance prediction of protons exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems in response to their complicated physicochemical phenomena. However, there is little research in this field detailing the pre-processing and selection of balance of plants (BOP) features for the input layer of system performance prediction at different current densities. Furthermore, most of the previous research applies neural networks based on simulation data rather than real-time bench or vehicle operation datasets which leads to low robustness and unreliable practical results. This paper details the application of a novel algorithm denoted XGBoost-Boruta, which utilises the combination of an ensemble learning approach and a wrapping approach, to improve the robustness of feature selection and to increase the accuracy and robustness of PEMFC system performance prediction. By introduction of the Z score and shadow features to eliminate the randomness of conventional ensemble learning methods, seven key controllable BOP variables of the hydrogen anode, air cathode and cooling subsystems are selected as the original input variables to determine their dependency on the stack voltage. Two case studies are presented for verification and validation of the proposed algorithm based on the real-time dataset of bench experimental data and data obtained from heavy truck operation at current densities ranging from 100 to 1500 mA/cm2. The feature selection strategy, based on the proposed XGBoost-Boruta algorithm, largely decreases the RMSE by 23.8% and 14.1% and the R^(2) increases by 0.06 and 0.04 of both the bench experimental and the heavy truck validation datasets respectively.
