Recognized as a pivotal developmental transition,flowering marks the continuation of a plant’s life cycle.Vernalization and pho-toperiod are two major flowering pathways orchestrating numerous florigenic signals.Meth...Recognized as a pivotal developmental transition,flowering marks the continuation of a plant’s life cycle.Vernalization and pho-toperiod are two major flowering pathways orchestrating numerous florigenic signals.Methylation,including histone,DNA and RNA methylation,is one of the recent foci in plant development.Considerable studies reveal that methylation seems to show an increasing potential regulatory role in plant flowering via altering relevant gene expression without altering the genetic basis.However,little has been reviewed about whether and how methylation acts on vernalization-and photoperiod-induced flowering before and after FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC)reactivation,what role RNA methylation plays in vernalization-and photoperiod-induced flowering,how methylation participates simultaneously in both vernalization-and photoperiod-induced flowering,the heritability of methylation memory under the vernalization/photoperiod pathway,and whether and how methylation replaces vernalization/photoinduction to regulate flowering.Our review provides insight about the crosstalk among the genetic control of the flowering gene network,methylation(methyltransferases/demethylases)and external signals(cold,light,sRNA and phytohormones)in vernalization and photoperiod pathways.The existing evidence that RNA methylation may play a potential regulatory role in vernalization-and photoperiod-induced flowering has been gathered and represented for the first time.This review speculates about and discusses the possibility of substituting methylation for vernalization and photoinduction to promote flowering.Current evidence is utilized to discuss the possibility of future methylation reagents becoming flowering regulators at the molecular level.展开更多
Background:The oncological safety of transanal total mesorectal excision(taTME)remains uncertain,and its special surgical approach may contribute to tumor cell dissemination.Thus,we conducted a study to investigate th...Background:The oncological safety of transanal total mesorectal excision(taTME)remains uncertain,and its special surgical approach may contribute to tumor cell dissemination.Thus,we conducted a study to investigate the impact of surgical approach on circulating tumor cell(CTC)counts and phenotypes in rectal cancer.Methods:This is a prospective randomized controlled study(ClinicalTrials:NCT05109130).The patients were randomized to either the taTME(n?49)or laparoscopic TME(laTME)(n=48)groups.Blood samples were collected from the central vein to measure CTC counts and phenotypes at three time points:preoperative(t1),immediately post-tumor removal(t2),and one week post-surgery(t3).The effect of surgical procedure on CTCs at each time point was analyzed,with the primary endpoint being the change in CTC counts from t1 to t3 for each surgical approach.This study adheres to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Guidelines.Results:The baseline clinicopathologic characteristics of the laTME and taTME groups were balanced.The change in CTC count from t1 to t3 was 1.81±5.66 in the laTME group and 2.18±5.53 in the taTME group.The taTME surgery was non-inferior to laTME in terms of changing CTC counts(mean difference[MD]:−0.371;95%confidence interval[CI]:−2.626 to 1.883,upper-sided 95%CI of 1.883<2,non-inferiority boundary value).Compared with that at t1,the CTC count at t2 did not change significantly.However,higher CTC counts were detected at t3 than at t2 in the taTME(P=0.032)and laTME(P?0.003)groups.From t1 to t3,CTC counts significantly in-creased in both the taTME(P=0.008)and laTME(P?0.031)groups.There were no significant differences in CTC phenotype changes between the two groups from t1 to t3.Conclusions:Compared with laTME,taTME did not affect CTC counts and phenotypes.Our findings indicate that taTME is not infe-rior to laTME in terms of CTC changes from an oncological perspective.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFD1000800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160398,31560563,31860568,32072559,and 32102370)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province,China(21YF5WA096)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(1606RJZA073 and 1606RJZA077)the Research Fund of Higher Education of Gansu,China(2018C-14 and 2019B-082).We are grateful to members of our laboratory for helpful criticism and advice.
文摘Recognized as a pivotal developmental transition,flowering marks the continuation of a plant’s life cycle.Vernalization and pho-toperiod are two major flowering pathways orchestrating numerous florigenic signals.Methylation,including histone,DNA and RNA methylation,is one of the recent foci in plant development.Considerable studies reveal that methylation seems to show an increasing potential regulatory role in plant flowering via altering relevant gene expression without altering the genetic basis.However,little has been reviewed about whether and how methylation acts on vernalization-and photoperiod-induced flowering before and after FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC)reactivation,what role RNA methylation plays in vernalization-and photoperiod-induced flowering,how methylation participates simultaneously in both vernalization-and photoperiod-induced flowering,the heritability of methylation memory under the vernalization/photoperiod pathway,and whether and how methylation replaces vernalization/photoinduction to regulate flowering.Our review provides insight about the crosstalk among the genetic control of the flowering gene network,methylation(methyltransferases/demethylases)and external signals(cold,light,sRNA and phytohormones)in vernalization and photoperiod pathways.The existing evidence that RNA methylation may play a potential regulatory role in vernalization-and photoperiod-induced flowering has been gathered and represented for the first time.This review speculates about and discusses the possibility of substituting methylation for vernalization and photoinduction to promote flowering.Current evidence is utilized to discuss the possibility of future methylation reagents becoming flowering regulators at the molecular level.
基金supported by National Key Clinical Discipline,The Program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases[2020B1111170004]Science and Technology Key Research and Development Plan Project of Guangzhou(China)[202103000072]+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(China)[2018A030313621]Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou[202206010062]Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program[2016005]Shenzhen“San Ming Projects”Research[Grant No.lc202002].
文摘Background:The oncological safety of transanal total mesorectal excision(taTME)remains uncertain,and its special surgical approach may contribute to tumor cell dissemination.Thus,we conducted a study to investigate the impact of surgical approach on circulating tumor cell(CTC)counts and phenotypes in rectal cancer.Methods:This is a prospective randomized controlled study(ClinicalTrials:NCT05109130).The patients were randomized to either the taTME(n?49)or laparoscopic TME(laTME)(n=48)groups.Blood samples were collected from the central vein to measure CTC counts and phenotypes at three time points:preoperative(t1),immediately post-tumor removal(t2),and one week post-surgery(t3).The effect of surgical procedure on CTCs at each time point was analyzed,with the primary endpoint being the change in CTC counts from t1 to t3 for each surgical approach.This study adheres to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Guidelines.Results:The baseline clinicopathologic characteristics of the laTME and taTME groups were balanced.The change in CTC count from t1 to t3 was 1.81±5.66 in the laTME group and 2.18±5.53 in the taTME group.The taTME surgery was non-inferior to laTME in terms of changing CTC counts(mean difference[MD]:−0.371;95%confidence interval[CI]:−2.626 to 1.883,upper-sided 95%CI of 1.883<2,non-inferiority boundary value).Compared with that at t1,the CTC count at t2 did not change significantly.However,higher CTC counts were detected at t3 than at t2 in the taTME(P=0.032)and laTME(P?0.003)groups.From t1 to t3,CTC counts significantly in-creased in both the taTME(P=0.008)and laTME(P?0.031)groups.There were no significant differences in CTC phenotype changes between the two groups from t1 to t3.Conclusions:Compared with laTME,taTME did not affect CTC counts and phenotypes.Our findings indicate that taTME is not infe-rior to laTME in terms of CTC changes from an oncological perspective.
