In mammals,chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines that regulate cell migration or exert direct antimicrobial activity.The presence and organization of four invariant cysteine residues within the mature protein sequ...In mammals,chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines that regulate cell migration or exert direct antimicrobial activity.The presence and organization of four invariant cysteine residues within the mature protein sequence can classify chemokines into four major subfamilies:CXC,CC,CX_(3)C,and XC.In teleost,a novel subfamily of chemokines named CX has been identified.Since the first report of a CC chemokine(CK1)in rainbow trout in 1998,the number of identified chemokine genes in different fish species has expanded dramatically.In this paper,we reviewed the chemokine genes that have been identified so far in teleost fish and their tissue expressions and responses post-stimulation.We also discussed the functions of fish chemokines based on currently available information and compared them to human chemokines.Additionally,we predicted the structures of trout chemokines for the first time,and we found that the structures of trout chemokines share significant similarities.Finally,the adjuvant effects of fish chemokines in aquaculture were also reviewed.Overall,this review will give us a better understanding of the chemokines of teleost fish.展开更多
The phenomenon of adsorption of solid particles at fluid interfaces to stabilize emulsions or foams have been known for more than a century.Today,particle-stabilized emulsions,often referred to as Pickering emulsions,...The phenomenon of adsorption of solid particles at fluid interfaces to stabilize emulsions or foams have been known for more than a century.Today,particle-stabilized emulsions,often referred to as Pickering emulsions,are receiving growing attention as they are encountered in oil recovery and have long been used in personal care products and food industry.Over the past 10 years the focus of the Pickering emulsion has also increasingly shifted to biomedical applications with thanks to novel syntheses of a wide range of biocompatible particle stabilizers.Here,a brief overview of the development of biocompatible particles is given for Pickering emulsion stabilization,including alginate,poly(lactic-co-gIycolic acid)(PLGA),and protein-based particles.The materials prepared by templating from emulsion stabilized with biocompatible particles include colloidal capsules and hierarchically porous materials.It is hoped that the understanding gained from the recent intense activity in the field will enable more researchers to modify existing materials and design new formulations,which would be beneficial for exploring more biological applications.展开更多
We study a kind of partial information non-zero sum differential games of mean-field backward doubly stochastic differential equations,in which the coefficient contains not only the state process but also its marginal...We study a kind of partial information non-zero sum differential games of mean-field backward doubly stochastic differential equations,in which the coefficient contains not only the state process but also its marginal distribution,and the cost functional is also of mean-field type.It is required that the control is adapted to a sub-filtration of the filtration generated by the underlying Brownian motions.We establish a necessary condition in the form of maximum principle and a verification theorem,which is a sufficient condition for Nash equilibrium point.We use the theoretical results to deal with a partial information linear-quadratic(LQ)game,and obtain the unique Nash equilibrium point for our LQ game problem by virtue of the unique solvability of mean-field forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equation.展开更多
Nervonic acid(NA,ω-9)is beneficial for brain health,but its poor water solubility limits its bioaccessibility.The protein-based emulsions were unstable under environmental stress.In this study,the effects of a nonion...Nervonic acid(NA,ω-9)is beneficial for brain health,but its poor water solubility limits its bioaccessibility.The protein-based emulsions were unstable under environmental stress.In this study,the effects of a nonionic surfactant(Tween 20,T20)on the characteristics,stability,and in vitro digestion properties of NA-loaded nanoemulsions prepared with proteins(whey or soybean protein isolate)were evaluated.The emulsions stabilized by protein-T20 mixtures had smaller droplets with more even distributions,more negative charges,and higher encapsulation efficiencies for NA.The addition of T20 improved the interfacial properties of the systems,as confirmed by spectral and rheological analyses.Emulsion stability under various conditions was enhanced by the improved interfacial composition and emulsifying ability.In particular,the effective interfacial layers produced by the protein-T20 mixture decreased lipid digestion but increased NA bioaccessibility.Therefore,the coadsorption of proteins with suitable nonionic surfactants at oil-water interfaces is a promising approach for designing functional food delivery systems with improved stability and NA bioaccessibility.展开更多
The study aimed to explore the cathodic protection of the defect areas of 75 wt.%zinc-rich coatings(ZRCs)under immersion and atmospheric thin liquid film conditions using a wire beam electrode(WBE).Besides,electrochem...The study aimed to explore the cathodic protection of the defect areas of 75 wt.%zinc-rich coatings(ZRCs)under immersion and atmospheric thin liquid film conditions using a wire beam electrode(WBE).Besides,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and surface morphology analysis were used.Under both experimental conditions,high ZRCs content polarised the entire electrode to the protective potential range,thereby reversing the polarity of the defect area steel substrate to cathodic to prevent corrosion.The higher concentration of dissolved oxygen in the surface liquid film and coating activated the zinc powder faster and provided a higher cathodic protection current for the defect area under the atmospheric liquid film condition.Therefore,WBE corrosion potential shifted more negative under the atmospheric liquid film condition,thereby conveying longer-lasting cathodic protection and reducing the corrosion rate of the defect area steel substrate.Compared with the traditional sheet electrode,WBE can provide the current distribution and change information of cathodic protection at the local defects on the ZRCs surface,thereby providing a reliable test and a method for evaluating heterogeneous corrosion and cathodic protection.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(grant no.2021CFB265)Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products,Ministry of Education(grant no.DKXY2020015)Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed(grant no.TMKJZ1706 and TMKJZ1912).
文摘In mammals,chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines that regulate cell migration or exert direct antimicrobial activity.The presence and organization of four invariant cysteine residues within the mature protein sequence can classify chemokines into four major subfamilies:CXC,CC,CX_(3)C,and XC.In teleost,a novel subfamily of chemokines named CX has been identified.Since the first report of a CC chemokine(CK1)in rainbow trout in 1998,the number of identified chemokine genes in different fish species has expanded dramatically.In this paper,we reviewed the chemokine genes that have been identified so far in teleost fish and their tissue expressions and responses post-stimulation.We also discussed the functions of fish chemokines based on currently available information and compared them to human chemokines.Additionally,we predicted the structures of trout chemokines for the first time,and we found that the structures of trout chemokines share significant similarities.Finally,the adjuvant effects of fish chemokines in aquaculture were also reviewed.Overall,this review will give us a better understanding of the chemokines of teleost fish.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Scholars Pro gram(No.XJ2019048)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2019T120950)+1 种基金financial support from the International Cooperation Project of the Chinese Academy of Science(No.122111KYSB20180021)Hong Kong Special Administration Region General Research Fund(No.CUHK14306617 and 2130535).
文摘The phenomenon of adsorption of solid particles at fluid interfaces to stabilize emulsions or foams have been known for more than a century.Today,particle-stabilized emulsions,often referred to as Pickering emulsions,are receiving growing attention as they are encountered in oil recovery and have long been used in personal care products and food industry.Over the past 10 years the focus of the Pickering emulsion has also increasingly shifted to biomedical applications with thanks to novel syntheses of a wide range of biocompatible particle stabilizers.Here,a brief overview of the development of biocompatible particles is given for Pickering emulsion stabilization,including alginate,poly(lactic-co-gIycolic acid)(PLGA),and protein-based particles.The materials prepared by templating from emulsion stabilized with biocompatible particles include colloidal capsules and hierarchically porous materials.It is hoped that the understanding gained from the recent intense activity in the field will enable more researchers to modify existing materials and design new formulations,which would be beneficial for exploring more biological applications.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11871309,11671229,71871129,11371226,11301298)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018 YFA0703900)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019MA013)the Special Funds of Taishan Scholar Project(No.tsqn20161041)the Fostering Project of Dominant Discipline and Talent Team of Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions.
文摘We study a kind of partial information non-zero sum differential games of mean-field backward doubly stochastic differential equations,in which the coefficient contains not only the state process but also its marginal distribution,and the cost functional is also of mean-field type.It is required that the control is adapted to a sub-filtration of the filtration generated by the underlying Brownian motions.We establish a necessary condition in the form of maximum principle and a verification theorem,which is a sufficient condition for Nash equilibrium point.We use the theoretical results to deal with a partial information linear-quadratic(LQ)game,and obtain the unique Nash equilibrium point for our LQ game problem by virtue of the unique solvability of mean-field forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equation.
基金supported by the Key Technologies of Acer truncatum Industrial Technology Innovation(Grant No:ZYZB2018-DY1170).
文摘Nervonic acid(NA,ω-9)is beneficial for brain health,but its poor water solubility limits its bioaccessibility.The protein-based emulsions were unstable under environmental stress.In this study,the effects of a nonionic surfactant(Tween 20,T20)on the characteristics,stability,and in vitro digestion properties of NA-loaded nanoemulsions prepared with proteins(whey or soybean protein isolate)were evaluated.The emulsions stabilized by protein-T20 mixtures had smaller droplets with more even distributions,more negative charges,and higher encapsulation efficiencies for NA.The addition of T20 improved the interfacial properties of the systems,as confirmed by spectral and rheological analyses.Emulsion stability under various conditions was enhanced by the improved interfacial composition and emulsifying ability.In particular,the effective interfacial layers produced by the protein-T20 mixture decreased lipid digestion but increased NA bioaccessibility.Therefore,the coadsorption of proteins with suitable nonionic surfactants at oil-water interfaces is a promising approach for designing functional food delivery systems with improved stability and NA bioaccessibility.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21203034 and 51771057)the GF Research and Cultivation Project of Sun Yat-sen University(No.76110–18843406)the National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2019FY101400)
文摘The study aimed to explore the cathodic protection of the defect areas of 75 wt.%zinc-rich coatings(ZRCs)under immersion and atmospheric thin liquid film conditions using a wire beam electrode(WBE).Besides,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and surface morphology analysis were used.Under both experimental conditions,high ZRCs content polarised the entire electrode to the protective potential range,thereby reversing the polarity of the defect area steel substrate to cathodic to prevent corrosion.The higher concentration of dissolved oxygen in the surface liquid film and coating activated the zinc powder faster and provided a higher cathodic protection current for the defect area under the atmospheric liquid film condition.Therefore,WBE corrosion potential shifted more negative under the atmospheric liquid film condition,thereby conveying longer-lasting cathodic protection and reducing the corrosion rate of the defect area steel substrate.Compared with the traditional sheet electrode,WBE can provide the current distribution and change information of cathodic protection at the local defects on the ZRCs surface,thereby providing a reliable test and a method for evaluating heterogeneous corrosion and cathodic protection.
