Solar cell defect detection is crucial for quality inspection in photovoltaic power generation modules.In the production process,defect samples occur infrequently and exhibit random shapes and sizes,which makes it cha...Solar cell defect detection is crucial for quality inspection in photovoltaic power generation modules.In the production process,defect samples occur infrequently and exhibit random shapes and sizes,which makes it challenging to collect defective samples.Additionally,the complex surface background of polysilicon cell wafers complicates the accurate identification and localization of defective regions.This paper proposes a novel Lightweight Multiscale Feature Fusion network(LMFF)to address these challenges.The network comprises a feature extraction network,a multi-scale feature fusion module(MFF),and a segmentation network.Specifically,a feature extraction network is proposed to obtain multi-scale feature outputs,and a multi-scale feature fusion module(MFF)is used to fuse multi-scale feature information effectively.In order to capture finer-grained multi-scale information from the fusion features,we propose a multi-scale attention module(MSA)in the segmentation network to enhance the network’s ability for small target detection.Moreover,depthwise separable convolutions are introduced to construct depthwise separable residual blocks(DSR)to reduce the model’s parameter number.Finally,to validate the proposed method’s defect segmentation and localization performance,we constructed three solar cell defect detection datasets:SolarCells,SolarCells-S,and PVEL-S.SolarCells and SolarCells-S are monocrystalline silicon datasets,and PVEL-S is a polycrystalline silicon dataset.Experimental results show that the IOU of our method on these three datasets can reach 68.5%,51.0%,and 92.7%,respectively,and the F1-Score can reach 81.3%,67.5%,and 96.2%,respectively,which surpasses other commonly usedmethods and verifies the effectiveness of our LMFF network.展开更多
Glucosinolates(GSLs) and their hydrolytic products contribute to the quality traits of rapeseed flowering stalk tissues, such as taste, flavor and anticarcinogenic properties(Glucoraphanin). However, little is known a...Glucosinolates(GSLs) and their hydrolytic products contribute to the quality traits of rapeseed flowering stalk tissues, such as taste, flavor and anticarcinogenic properties(Glucoraphanin). However, little is known about the genetic mechanisms of GSL accumulation in rapeseed flowering stalks. In this study, the variation and genetic architecture of GSL metabolites in flowering stalk tissues were investigated for the first time among a panel of 107 accessions. All GSL compounds exhibited continuous and wide variations in the present population. Progoitrin,glucobrassicanapin and gluconapin were the most abundant GSL compounds. Five quantitative trait loci(QTL) significantly associated with three GSL compounds were identified by genome-wide association study. GRA_C04 was under selected during modern breeding, in which the ratio of lower GSL haplotype(HAP2) in the accessions bred before 1990(52.56%) was significantly lower than that after 1990(78.95%). Four candidate genes, BnaA01. SOT16, BnaA06. SOT17, Bna A06. MYB51a, and Bna A06. MYB51b, were identified in the GTL_A01 and 4OH_A06 regions.These findings provide new insights into GSL biosynthesis in flowering stalk tissues and facilitate quality improvement in rapeseed flowering stalks.展开更多
Seeds might deteriorate,and lose the ability to germinate when stored under high temperature and high humidity.Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in China.However,B.napus seeds were generally stored...Seeds might deteriorate,and lose the ability to germinate when stored under high temperature and high humidity.Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in China.However,B.napus seeds were generally stored through summer season with high ambient temperature,which lead to seed viability loss.In order to understand the mechanism of seed response to heat stress and improve seed heat tolerance,B.napus seeds were treated with high temperature(40℃)and ultra-high temperature(60℃)for 4 h.The germination of heatstressed seeds were obviously slower,the germination index and vigor index decreased with temperature increase from 40 to 60℃,and the 40℃ pretreatment could improve the seed tolerance to 60℃ heat stress.Transcriptomics results showed that 442 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in seeds after heat stress.Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that some of the genes were involved in posttranslational modification,protein turnover,chaperones and carbohydrate transport,metabolic pathways and secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathway.Among these DEGs,sHSP and transcription factors genes were involved in heat stress tolerance.Thirty-two overlapping genes under different high temperature stress(40℃ and 60℃)were enriched in biological processes of response to oxidative stress and abiotic stimulus.The expression trends of 12 genes randomly selected from the RNA-seq data were almost consistent with the results of qRT-PCR.Our results revealed several potential candidate genes and pathways related to heat responsive by high temperature,which is beneficial for further improving the heat tolerance in B.napus seeds.展开更多
Precise detection of rapeseed and the growth of its canopy area are crucial phenotypic indicators of its growth status.Achieving accurate identification of the rapeseed target and its growth region provides significan...Precise detection of rapeseed and the growth of its canopy area are crucial phenotypic indicators of its growth status.Achieving accurate identification of the rapeseed target and its growth region provides significant data support for phenotypic analysis and breeding research.However,in natural field environments,rapeseed detection remains a substantial challenge due to the limited feature representation capabilities of RGB-only modalities.To address this challenge,this study proposes a dual-modal instance segmentation network,MSNet,based on YOLOv11n-seg,integrating both RGB and Near-Infrared(NIR)modalities.The main improvements of this network include three different fusion location strategies(frontend fusion,mid-stage fusion,and backend fusion)and the newly introduced Hierarchical Attention Fusion Block(HAFB)for multimodal feature fusion.Comparative experiments on fusion locations indicate that the mid-stage fusion strategy achieves the best balance between detection accuracy and parameter efficiency.Compared to the baseline network,the mAP50:95 improvement can reach up to 3.5%.After introducing the HAFB module,the MSNet-H-HAFB model demonstrates a 6.5%increase in mAP50:95 relative to the baseline network,with less than a 38%increase in parameter count.It is noteworthy that the mid-stage fusion consistently delivered the best detection performance in all experiments,providing clear design guidance for selecting fusion locations in future multimodal networks.In addition,comparisons with various RGB-only instance segmentation models show that all the proposed MSNet-HAFB fusion models significantly outperform single-modal models in rapeseed count detection tasks,confirming the potential advantages of multispectral fusion strategies in agricultural target recognition.Finally,the MSNet was applied in an agricultural case study,including vegetation index level analysis and frost damage classification.The results show that ZN6–2836 and ZS11 were predicted as potential superior varieties,and the EVI2 vegetation index achieved the best performance in rapeseed frost damage classification.展开更多
Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities,including cell proliferation,calcium homeostasis,and cell polar...Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities,including cell proliferation,calcium homeostasis,and cell polarity.The role of Wnt signaling in controlling cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal is primarily carried out through the canonical pathway,which is the best-characterized the multiple Wnt signaling branches.The past 10 years has seen a rapid expansion in our understanding of the complexity of this pathway,as many new components of Wnt signaling have been identified and linked to signaling regulation,stem cell functions,and adult tissue homeostasis.Additionally,a substantial body of evidence links Wnt signaling to tumorigenesis of cancer types and implicates it in the development of cancer drug resistance.Thus,a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dysregulation of Wnt signaling precedes the development and progression of human cancer may hasten the development of pathway inhibitors to augment current therapy.This review summarizes and synthesizes our current knowledge of the canonical Wnt pathway in development and disease.We begin with an overview of the components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and delve into the role this pathway has been shown to play in stemness,tumorigenesis,and cancer drug resistance.Ultimately,we hope to present an organized collection of evidence implicating Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to facilitate the pursuit of Wnt pathway modulators that may improve outcomes of cancers in which Wnt signaling contributes to aggressive disease and/or treatment resistance.展开更多
Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling.Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues ma...Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling.Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues may significantly impact aesthetic appearance,essential oral functions and the quality of life.Regenerative dentistry holds great promise in treating oral/dental disorders.The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological features of dental stem cells,along with the signaling mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.In this review,we first summarize the biological characteristics of seven types of dental stem cells,including dental pulp stem cells,stem cells from apical papilla,stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,dental follicle precursor cells,periodontal ligament stem cells,alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),and MSCs from gingiva.We then focus on how these stem cells are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)and/or Wnt signaling by examining the interplays between these pathways.Lastly,we analyze the current status of dental tissue engineering strategies that utilize oral/dental stem cells by harnessing the interplays between BMP and Wnt pathways.We also highlight the challenges that must be addressed before the dental stem cells may reach any clinical applications.Thus,we can expect to witness significant progresses to be made in regenerative dentistry in the coming decade.展开更多
Autophagy has been extensively studied and occurs in many biological settings.However,a question remains as to whether ischemia enhances Beclin-1/LC3-II-dependent macroautophagy in vascular endothelial cells,as has be...Autophagy has been extensively studied and occurs in many biological settings.However,a question remains as to whether ischemia enhances Beclin-1/LC3-II-dependent macroautophagy in vascular endothelial cells,as has been previously thought.Furthermore,the effect of the level of autophagy on cell or skin flap survival still requires elucidation.We created a lethal ischemia model in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs),performed quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses,and verified the autophagic status and effect both in vitro and in vivo.The significantly upregulated proteins encoded by autophagy-related genes(ATGs)included ATG2A,ATG3,ATG4B,ATG5,ATG7,ATG9A,ATG12,ATG16,and ATG101.The significantly enhanced lysosomal proteins were cathepsin B,cathepsin D,lysosome-associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1),and LAMP2.However,the differentially expressed proteins excluded Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)-I,and LC3-II.Western blot analyses verified that the protein expression levels of Beclin-1,LC3-I,and LC3-II were neither upregulated nor downregulated in ischemia-challenged HUVECs.The autophagic status was not enhanced by rapamycin in ischemic HUVECs but appeared to be inhibited by chloroquine.Our in vivo study on rats showed that a downregulation in autophagic status jeopardized skin flap survival.In conclusion,Ischemia neither enhanced nor inhibited Beclin-1/LC3-II-dependent canonical macroautophagy both in vitro and in vivo,in contradiction to previous studies.An appropriate autophagic homeostasis can minimize cell or skin flap damage.展开更多
Two recent studies provide intriguing evidence that challenges the role of the epithelialemesenchymal transition(EMT)as a critical mediator of cancer metastasis,while revealing an unexpected role in cancer drug resist...Two recent studies provide intriguing evidence that challenges the role of the epithelialemesenchymal transition(EMT)as a critical mediator of cancer metastasis,while revealing an unexpected role in cancer drug resistance.1,2 While these findings may not settle the EMT’s role in metastasis,these studies suggest that targeting the EMT may inhibit both cancer metastasis and chemoresistance.展开更多
SATB2(special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2)is a member of the special AT-rich binding protein family.As a transcription regulator,SATB2 mainly integrates higher-order chromatin organization.SATB2 expression appe...SATB2(special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2)is a member of the special AT-rich binding protein family.As a transcription regulator,SATB2 mainly integrates higher-order chromatin organization.SATB2 expression appears to be tissue-and stage-specific,and is governed by several cellular signaling molecules and mediators.Expressed in branchial arches and osteoblast-lineage cells,SATB2 plays a significant role in craniofacial pattern and skeleton development.In addition to regulating osteogenic differentiation,SATB2 also displays versatile functions in neural development and cancer progression.As an osteoinductive factor,SATB2 holds great promise in improving bone regeneration toward bone defect repair.In this review,we have summarized our current understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of SATB2 in craniofacial and skeleton development,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis and regenerative medicine.展开更多
The concept of World Citizen was not introduced to China by Lu Xun,but it is an important term in his thought.The most obvious difference between Lu Xun and other cultural pioneers during the May Fourth period is that...The concept of World Citizen was not introduced to China by Lu Xun,but it is an important term in his thought.The most obvious difference between Lu Xun and other cultural pioneers during the May Fourth period is that rather than understanding and promoting cosmopolitanism as a social or systematic phenomenon,he was mainly interested in human nature and therefore attempted to formulate the concept of World Citizen in terms of a humanistic or spiritual dimension.In so doing,he profoundly expressed an ideological appeal for the significance of the human consciousness,understood within its historical context.This particular conception of cosmopolitanism is symbolically valuable and relevant to the present ideological reality.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62463002,62062021 and 62473033in part by the Guiyang Scientific Plan Project[2023]48–11,in part by QKHZYD[2023]010 Guizhou Province Science and Technology Innovation Base Construction Project“Key Laboratory Construction of Intelligent Mountain Agricultural Equipment”.
文摘Solar cell defect detection is crucial for quality inspection in photovoltaic power generation modules.In the production process,defect samples occur infrequently and exhibit random shapes and sizes,which makes it challenging to collect defective samples.Additionally,the complex surface background of polysilicon cell wafers complicates the accurate identification and localization of defective regions.This paper proposes a novel Lightweight Multiscale Feature Fusion network(LMFF)to address these challenges.The network comprises a feature extraction network,a multi-scale feature fusion module(MFF),and a segmentation network.Specifically,a feature extraction network is proposed to obtain multi-scale feature outputs,and a multi-scale feature fusion module(MFF)is used to fuse multi-scale feature information effectively.In order to capture finer-grained multi-scale information from the fusion features,we propose a multi-scale attention module(MSA)in the segmentation network to enhance the network’s ability for small target detection.Moreover,depthwise separable convolutions are introduced to construct depthwise separable residual blocks(DSR)to reduce the model’s parameter number.Finally,to validate the proposed method’s defect segmentation and localization performance,we constructed three solar cell defect detection datasets:SolarCells,SolarCells-S,and PVEL-S.SolarCells and SolarCells-S are monocrystalline silicon datasets,and PVEL-S is a polycrystalline silicon dataset.Experimental results show that the IOU of our method on these three datasets can reach 68.5%,51.0%,and 92.7%,respectively,and the F1-Score can reach 81.3%,67.5%,and 96.2%,respectively,which surpasses other commonly usedmethods and verifies the effectiveness of our LMFF network.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development project of Hubei Province (Grant Nos. 2020BBB083, 2021BBA097 and 2021BBA102)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFD0100202)。
文摘Glucosinolates(GSLs) and their hydrolytic products contribute to the quality traits of rapeseed flowering stalk tissues, such as taste, flavor and anticarcinogenic properties(Glucoraphanin). However, little is known about the genetic mechanisms of GSL accumulation in rapeseed flowering stalks. In this study, the variation and genetic architecture of GSL metabolites in flowering stalk tissues were investigated for the first time among a panel of 107 accessions. All GSL compounds exhibited continuous and wide variations in the present population. Progoitrin,glucobrassicanapin and gluconapin were the most abundant GSL compounds. Five quantitative trait loci(QTL) significantly associated with three GSL compounds were identified by genome-wide association study. GRA_C04 was under selected during modern breeding, in which the ratio of lower GSL haplotype(HAP2) in the accessions bred before 1990(52.56%) was significantly lower than that after 1990(78.95%). Four candidate genes, BnaA01. SOT16, BnaA06. SOT17, Bna A06. MYB51a, and Bna A06. MYB51b, were identified in the GTL_A01 and 4OH_A06 regions.These findings provide new insights into GSL biosynthesis in flowering stalk tissues and facilitate quality improvement in rapeseed flowering stalks.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31601341)The National Key Program Research and Development of China(2016YFD0100202).
文摘Seeds might deteriorate,and lose the ability to germinate when stored under high temperature and high humidity.Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in China.However,B.napus seeds were generally stored through summer season with high ambient temperature,which lead to seed viability loss.In order to understand the mechanism of seed response to heat stress and improve seed heat tolerance,B.napus seeds were treated with high temperature(40℃)and ultra-high temperature(60℃)for 4 h.The germination of heatstressed seeds were obviously slower,the germination index and vigor index decreased with temperature increase from 40 to 60℃,and the 40℃ pretreatment could improve the seed tolerance to 60℃ heat stress.Transcriptomics results showed that 442 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in seeds after heat stress.Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that some of the genes were involved in posttranslational modification,protein turnover,chaperones and carbohydrate transport,metabolic pathways and secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathway.Among these DEGs,sHSP and transcription factors genes were involved in heat stress tolerance.Thirty-two overlapping genes under different high temperature stress(40℃ and 60℃)were enriched in biological processes of response to oxidative stress and abiotic stimulus.The expression trends of 12 genes randomly selected from the RNA-seq data were almost consistent with the results of qRT-PCR.Our results revealed several potential candidate genes and pathways related to heat responsive by high temperature,which is beneficial for further improving the heat tolerance in B.napus seeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372003)Anhui Provincial University Outstanding Youth Project(2022AH030090)Anhui Agricultural University College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410364037).
文摘Precise detection of rapeseed and the growth of its canopy area are crucial phenotypic indicators of its growth status.Achieving accurate identification of the rapeseed target and its growth region provides significant data support for phenotypic analysis and breeding research.However,in natural field environments,rapeseed detection remains a substantial challenge due to the limited feature representation capabilities of RGB-only modalities.To address this challenge,this study proposes a dual-modal instance segmentation network,MSNet,based on YOLOv11n-seg,integrating both RGB and Near-Infrared(NIR)modalities.The main improvements of this network include three different fusion location strategies(frontend fusion,mid-stage fusion,and backend fusion)and the newly introduced Hierarchical Attention Fusion Block(HAFB)for multimodal feature fusion.Comparative experiments on fusion locations indicate that the mid-stage fusion strategy achieves the best balance between detection accuracy and parameter efficiency.Compared to the baseline network,the mAP50:95 improvement can reach up to 3.5%.After introducing the HAFB module,the MSNet-H-HAFB model demonstrates a 6.5%increase in mAP50:95 relative to the baseline network,with less than a 38%increase in parameter count.It is noteworthy that the mid-stage fusion consistently delivered the best detection performance in all experiments,providing clear design guidance for selecting fusion locations in future multimodal networks.In addition,comparisons with various RGB-only instance segmentation models show that all the proposed MSNet-HAFB fusion models significantly outperform single-modal models in rapeseed count detection tasks,confirming the potential advantages of multispectral fusion strategies in agricultural target recognition.Finally,the MSNet was applied in an agricultural case study,including vegetation index level analysis and frost damage classification.The results show that ZN6–2836 and ZS11 were predicted as potential superior varieties,and the EVI2 vegetation index achieved the best performance in rapeseed frost damage classification.
基金The authors’research efforts were supported in part by research grants from the NIH(AT004418 to TCH)the 973 Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(#2011CB707900 to TCH)+1 种基金the Scoliosis Research Society(to MJL),MKM was a recipient of Howard Hughes Medical Institute Medical Research FellowshipCS was a recipient of the Pritzker Summer Research Fellowship funded through a NIH T-35 training grant(NIDDK).
文摘Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities,including cell proliferation,calcium homeostasis,and cell polarity.The role of Wnt signaling in controlling cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal is primarily carried out through the canonical pathway,which is the best-characterized the multiple Wnt signaling branches.The past 10 years has seen a rapid expansion in our understanding of the complexity of this pathway,as many new components of Wnt signaling have been identified and linked to signaling regulation,stem cell functions,and adult tissue homeostasis.Additionally,a substantial body of evidence links Wnt signaling to tumorigenesis of cancer types and implicates it in the development of cancer drug resistance.Thus,a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dysregulation of Wnt signaling precedes the development and progression of human cancer may hasten the development of pathway inhibitors to augment current therapy.This review summarizes and synthesizes our current knowledge of the canonical Wnt pathway in development and disease.We begin with an overview of the components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and delve into the role this pathway has been shown to play in stemness,tumorigenesis,and cancer drug resistance.Ultimately,we hope to present an organized collection of evidence implicating Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to facilitate the pursuit of Wnt pathway modulators that may improve outcomes of cancers in which Wnt signaling contributes to aggressive disease and/or treatment resistance.
基金The authors apologize to those investigators whose original work was not cited due to space constraints.The authors’research was supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(AT004418&AR054381 to TCH&HHL)Scoliosis Research Society(MJL&TCH),the 973 Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(#2011CB707900 to TCH),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#81400493 to FZ)+2 种基金Chongqing Municipal Commissions on Education(#KJ130303 to JW)Chongqing Municipal Commissions on Science&Technology(#cstc2013jcyjA0093 to JW)Chongqing Municipal Commissions Yubei District Science&Technology(#2014 Society of Human Resource Unit 14 to JW).MKM was a recipient of Howard Hughes Medical Institute Medical Research Fellowship.
文摘Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling.Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues may significantly impact aesthetic appearance,essential oral functions and the quality of life.Regenerative dentistry holds great promise in treating oral/dental disorders.The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological features of dental stem cells,along with the signaling mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.In this review,we first summarize the biological characteristics of seven types of dental stem cells,including dental pulp stem cells,stem cells from apical papilla,stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,dental follicle precursor cells,periodontal ligament stem cells,alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),and MSCs from gingiva.We then focus on how these stem cells are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)and/or Wnt signaling by examining the interplays between these pathways.Lastly,we analyze the current status of dental tissue engineering strategies that utilize oral/dental stem cells by harnessing the interplays between BMP and Wnt pathways.We also highlight the challenges that must be addressed before the dental stem cells may reach any clinical applications.Thus,we can expect to witness significant progresses to be made in regenerative dentistry in the coming decade.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81400493)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJQN20200429)Joint Medical Research Project by Chongqing Health Commission and Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.2020GDRC008).
文摘Autophagy has been extensively studied and occurs in many biological settings.However,a question remains as to whether ischemia enhances Beclin-1/LC3-II-dependent macroautophagy in vascular endothelial cells,as has been previously thought.Furthermore,the effect of the level of autophagy on cell or skin flap survival still requires elucidation.We created a lethal ischemia model in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs),performed quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses,and verified the autophagic status and effect both in vitro and in vivo.The significantly upregulated proteins encoded by autophagy-related genes(ATGs)included ATG2A,ATG3,ATG4B,ATG5,ATG7,ATG9A,ATG12,ATG16,and ATG101.The significantly enhanced lysosomal proteins were cathepsin B,cathepsin D,lysosome-associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1),and LAMP2.However,the differentially expressed proteins excluded Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)-I,and LC3-II.Western blot analyses verified that the protein expression levels of Beclin-1,LC3-I,and LC3-II were neither upregulated nor downregulated in ischemia-challenged HUVECs.The autophagic status was not enhanced by rapamycin in ischemic HUVECs but appeared to be inhibited by chloroquine.Our in vivo study on rats showed that a downregulation in autophagic status jeopardized skin flap survival.In conclusion,Ischemia neither enhanced nor inhibited Beclin-1/LC3-II-dependent canonical macroautophagy both in vitro and in vivo,in contradiction to previous studies.An appropriate autophagic homeostasis can minimize cell or skin flap damage.
基金The authors’research was supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(AT004418 and AR50142 to TCH and RCH)the 973 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(#2011CB707900 to TCH)MKM was a recipient of a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Medical Research Fellowship.
文摘Two recent studies provide intriguing evidence that challenges the role of the epithelialemesenchymal transition(EMT)as a critical mediator of cancer metastasis,while revealing an unexpected role in cancer drug resistance.1,2 While these findings may not settle the EMT’s role in metastasis,these studies suggest that targeting the EMT may inhibit both cancer metastasis and chemoresistance.
基金This reported work was supported in part by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.#81870758 to HZ)Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(No.#cstc2017jcyjAX0020 to HZ).
文摘SATB2(special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2)is a member of the special AT-rich binding protein family.As a transcription regulator,SATB2 mainly integrates higher-order chromatin organization.SATB2 expression appears to be tissue-and stage-specific,and is governed by several cellular signaling molecules and mediators.Expressed in branchial arches and osteoblast-lineage cells,SATB2 plays a significant role in craniofacial pattern and skeleton development.In addition to regulating osteogenic differentiation,SATB2 also displays versatile functions in neural development and cancer progression.As an osteoinductive factor,SATB2 holds great promise in improving bone regeneration toward bone defect repair.In this review,we have summarized our current understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of SATB2 in craniofacial and skeleton development,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis and regenerative medicine.
文摘The concept of World Citizen was not introduced to China by Lu Xun,but it is an important term in his thought.The most obvious difference between Lu Xun and other cultural pioneers during the May Fourth period is that rather than understanding and promoting cosmopolitanism as a social or systematic phenomenon,he was mainly interested in human nature and therefore attempted to formulate the concept of World Citizen in terms of a humanistic or spiritual dimension.In so doing,he profoundly expressed an ideological appeal for the significance of the human consciousness,understood within its historical context.This particular conception of cosmopolitanism is symbolically valuable and relevant to the present ideological reality.
