In this study, the effects of different salinity levels (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33) on the growth performance, body composition, antioxidant indexes of Perinereis aibuhitensis (initial average mass, 20.4 &...In this study, the effects of different salinity levels (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33) on the growth performance, body composition, antioxidant indexes of Perinereis aibuhitensis (initial average mass, 20.4 ± 0.3 mg) and total nitrogen in the substrate were investigated. The survival rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient, and protein efficiency ratio under different salinity levels were measured. The results showed that the survival rate of P. aibuhitensis at the salinity level of 9 was significantly lower than that of P. aibuhitensis at other salinity levels (P P. aibuhitensis at other salinity levels was not significant (P > 0.05). On the basis of quadratic polynomial fitting of the relationship between salinity levels and the specific growth rate, feed coefficient, and protein efficiency ratio, it was concluded that 25.36 - 25.9 is the most suitable salinity range for the growth performance of P. aibuhitensis. The main body composition (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and ash content) was measured at different salinity levels. The results indicated that, with the increase in salinity, the moisture content of P. aibuhitensis decreased gradually;in contrast, the ash content increased gradually, as the salinity level increased. However, in the salinity range of 18 to 33, the difference in ash content was not significant (P > 0.05). Salinity had a significant influence on the crude protein content (P P. aibuhitensis specimens were cultured for 60 days was higher than the total nitrogen in the soil. With an increase in salinity, the total nitrogen content first decreased and then increased, and the lowest value was observed at the salinity level of about 24.展开更多
Traditional ferroelectric materials,such as lead zirconate titanate(PZT)ceramics,exhibit positive strain when subjected to an electric field along the polarization direction.In contrast,the piezoelectric polymer polyv...Traditional ferroelectric materials,such as lead zirconate titanate(PZT)ceramics,exhibit positive strain when subjected to an electric field along the polarization direction.In contrast,the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)and its copolymer P(VDF-TrFE)display unique negative strain properties.While extensive research has focused on understanding the origin and mechanisms of this negative strain,limited efforts have been directed toward regulating these properties.This study optimizes the electro-strain and ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE)piezoelectric films through the synergistic effect of PbTiO_(3)nanosheets and an in-situ electrostatic field.Our results demonstrate that while the incorporation of PbTiO_(3)nanosheets does not notably enhance ferroelectricity,it significantly improves electro-strain properties,particularly negative strain,which increases from-0.097%to-0.185%,an enhancement of 91%.Moreover,the ferroelectric polarization and positive strain of P(VDF-TrFE)are further enhanced under the combined influence of PbTiO_(3)nanosheets and in-situ electrostatic field,increasing maximum polarization from 10.79μmC/cm^(2)to 13.16μmC/cm^(2),a 22%improvement,and positive strain from 0.213%to 0.267%,a 25%enhancement.We propose a possible mechanism for these improvements,attributed to the enhanced flexibility of the amorphous phase and increased content of polar b-phase in P(VDF-TrFE)films under this synergistic effect.This work highlights novel strategies for controlling the electro-strain and ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE)piezoelectric films.展开更多
Piezoelectric materials that can effectively convert natural mechanical energy into electrical energy without time and space constraints have been widely applied for energy harvesting and conversion.The piezocomposite...Piezoelectric materials that can effectively convert natural mechanical energy into electrical energy without time and space constraints have been widely applied for energy harvesting and conversion.The piezocomposites with high piezoelectricity and flexibility have shown great promise for renewable electric energy generation that can power implantable and wearable electronics.This minireview aims to summarize the recent progress of the piezocomposites with different composite structures,as well as the role of the theoretical understandings and designs in the development of new piezoelectric nanogenerator materials.Thereinto,the most common composite structural types(0-3,1-3,and 3-3)have been discussed systematically.Several strategies for high output performance of piezocomposites are also proposed on the basis of current experimental and simulation results.Finally,the review concludes with perspectives on the future design of flexible piezoelectric nanocomposites for energy harvesters.展开更多
文摘In this study, the effects of different salinity levels (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33) on the growth performance, body composition, antioxidant indexes of Perinereis aibuhitensis (initial average mass, 20.4 ± 0.3 mg) and total nitrogen in the substrate were investigated. The survival rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient, and protein efficiency ratio under different salinity levels were measured. The results showed that the survival rate of P. aibuhitensis at the salinity level of 9 was significantly lower than that of P. aibuhitensis at other salinity levels (P P. aibuhitensis at other salinity levels was not significant (P > 0.05). On the basis of quadratic polynomial fitting of the relationship between salinity levels and the specific growth rate, feed coefficient, and protein efficiency ratio, it was concluded that 25.36 - 25.9 is the most suitable salinity range for the growth performance of P. aibuhitensis. The main body composition (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and ash content) was measured at different salinity levels. The results indicated that, with the increase in salinity, the moisture content of P. aibuhitensis decreased gradually;in contrast, the ash content increased gradually, as the salinity level increased. However, in the salinity range of 18 to 33, the difference in ash content was not significant (P > 0.05). Salinity had a significant influence on the crude protein content (P P. aibuhitensis specimens were cultured for 60 days was higher than the total nitrogen in the soil. With an increase in salinity, the total nitrogen content first decreased and then increased, and the lowest value was observed at the salinity level of about 24.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LD22E030005,LY22E020005)the“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2022C01136)+2 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20172)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.226-2024-00120,226-2024-00188)the Open Research Project of Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta of Zhejiang University.
文摘Traditional ferroelectric materials,such as lead zirconate titanate(PZT)ceramics,exhibit positive strain when subjected to an electric field along the polarization direction.In contrast,the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)and its copolymer P(VDF-TrFE)display unique negative strain properties.While extensive research has focused on understanding the origin and mechanisms of this negative strain,limited efforts have been directed toward regulating these properties.This study optimizes the electro-strain and ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE)piezoelectric films through the synergistic effect of PbTiO_(3)nanosheets and an in-situ electrostatic field.Our results demonstrate that while the incorporation of PbTiO_(3)nanosheets does not notably enhance ferroelectricity,it significantly improves electro-strain properties,particularly negative strain,which increases from-0.097%to-0.185%,an enhancement of 91%.Moreover,the ferroelectric polarization and positive strain of P(VDF-TrFE)are further enhanced under the combined influence of PbTiO_(3)nanosheets and in-situ electrostatic field,increasing maximum polarization from 10.79μmC/cm^(2)to 13.16μmC/cm^(2),a 22%improvement,and positive strain from 0.213%to 0.267%,a 25%enhancement.We propose a possible mechanism for these improvements,attributed to the enhanced flexibility of the amorphous phase and increased content of polar b-phase in P(VDF-TrFE)films under this synergistic effect.This work highlights novel strategies for controlling the electro-strain and ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE)piezoelectric films.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(no.LD22E030005)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.2021FZZX001-08 to Z.H.and no.226-2022-00123 to Y.H.)+1 种基金NSFC-Zhejiang Joint Fund for the Integration of Industrialization and information(no.U1909212 to Y.W.)The“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(no.2022C01136 to Z.H.and Y.H.).
文摘Piezoelectric materials that can effectively convert natural mechanical energy into electrical energy without time and space constraints have been widely applied for energy harvesting and conversion.The piezocomposites with high piezoelectricity and flexibility have shown great promise for renewable electric energy generation that can power implantable and wearable electronics.This minireview aims to summarize the recent progress of the piezocomposites with different composite structures,as well as the role of the theoretical understandings and designs in the development of new piezoelectric nanogenerator materials.Thereinto,the most common composite structural types(0-3,1-3,and 3-3)have been discussed systematically.Several strategies for high output performance of piezocomposites are also proposed on the basis of current experimental and simulation results.Finally,the review concludes with perspectives on the future design of flexible piezoelectric nanocomposites for energy harvesters.
