Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health.Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new su...Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health.Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet.In response,global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution Prevention.This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach.Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels.Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.展开更多
The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated b...The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures.Despite many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear.This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits.After screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions.Certain GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities.However,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)attention.The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future.Given the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI.This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,filling research gaps,and promoting community resilience.展开更多
Rapid urbanisation in China has resulted in an increased demand for land in towns and cities.To upgrade and modernise,China has also moved many major industries from urban centres to less populated areas.With the high...Rapid urbanisation in China has resulted in an increased demand for land in towns and cities.To upgrade and modernise,China has also moved many major industries from urban centres to less populated areas.With the high economic value of urban land,the transformation and utilisation of brownfield areas have become important economically and socially.The Chinese government has recognised the need for strong frameworks to safeguard soil and groundwater quality,with brownfield sites a key category for management.Strong scientific,regulatory and decision-making frameworks are needed and being adopted to ensure practical,careful and wise use of central and localised government resources,to manage the reuse and regeneration of these brownfield sites.This paper reviews the context,policies and management procedures of developing brownfield sites in countries with a history of brownfield management and discusses China’s current situation and priorities for brownfield governance and redevelopment.These include(1)clarification of brownfield site soil contamination risk control standards and risk assessment procedures,(2)the responsibilities of different national and local agencies,(3)the establishment of a national expert committee to advise on best practices,policy and process,(4)the use of registered brownfield databases at national,provincial,municipal and county levels,and(5)the set up of soil pollution prevention fund at the provincial level.展开更多
Solid state anaerobic digestion(SSAD)of water poor feedstock may be a promising technology for energy recovery.Feedstocks having high solid concentration like lignocellulosic biomass,crop residues,forestry waste and o...Solid state anaerobic digestion(SSAD)of water poor feedstock may be a promising technology for energy recovery.Feedstocks having high solid concentration like lignocellulosic biomass,crop residues,forestry waste and organic fraction of municipal waste may be the appropriate feedstock for its biochemical conversion into energy carries like biomethane through SSAD.Compared to liquid state anaerobic digestion(LSAD),SSAD can handle higher organic loading rates(OLR),requires less water and smaller reactor volume and may have lower energy demand for heating or stirring and higher volumetric methane productivity.Besides these,pathogen inactivation may also be achieved in SSAD of biodegradable waste.Around 60%of recently built AD systems have adopted SSAD technology.However,the process stability of an SSAD system may have several constraints like limited mass transfer,process inhibitors and selection of digester type and should be addressed prior to the implementation of SSAD technology.In this article,a comprehensive overview of the key aspects influencing the performance of SSAD is discussed along with the need for mathematical modelling approaches.Further to this,reactor configuration for SSAD and digestate management requirement and practice for solid-state condition are reviewed for a better insight of SSAD technology.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC1807000)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(no.XDA28030501)+9 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991333,41977137,42090060)the International Atomic Energy Agency Research Project(D15022)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2011225[Fang Wang],Y201859[H.Wang],2013201[J.Su],2021309[Y.Song],Y2022084[M.Ye])Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2020DC0005,2022DC0001,2024DC0009)the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ISSAS2419)the Research Group Linkage project from Alexander von Humboldt foundation,the Center for Health Impacts of Agriculture(CHIA)of Michigan State University,and the URI STEEP Superfund Center(grant#P42ES027706)Fang Wang was partly supported by the fellowship of Alexander von Humboldt for experienced researchers,and Shennong Young Talents of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(SNYCQN006-2022)J.P.and T.R.S.were supported by the Canada Research Chair program.B.W.B.was supported by a Royal Society of New Zealand Catalyst International Leaders fellowship.K.K.B.was supported by Innovation Fund Denmark and the European Commission Horizon 2020 financed under the ERA-NET Aquatic Pollutants Joint Transnational Call(REWA,GA no.869178)S.A.H.was partly supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,National Institutes of Health grant number P42ES04911-29(Project 4)T.R.S.thanks CESAM by FCT/MCTES(UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020)。
文摘Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health.Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet.In response,global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution Prevention.This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach.Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels.Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
基金This work has been commissioned by the UKRI(EPSRC,NERC,AHRC)funded by RECLAIM Network Plus project(EP/W034034/1,EP/W033984)under its synthesis review seriesThe following authors acknowledge the funding received through their grants:P.K.and L.J.(NE/X002799/1,NE/X002772/1),L.J.(H2020 REGREEN,EU Grant agreement No.821016,2021YFE93100),G.M.L.(FAPESP 2019/08783-0),C.D.F.R.(EP/R017727),L.M.(ARC Grant No.IC220100012),H.G.(RGC Grant No.C5024-21G),M.F.A.and E.D.F.(FAPESP Grant No.2016/18438-0,2022/02365-5),S.J.C.(NSFC Grant No.52225005),R.Y.(NSFC Grant No.52278090),F.W.(NKP Grant No.2020YFC180700),J.E.(NE/X000443/1),and F.C.(NE/M010961/1,NE/V002171/1).The authors thank Andrea Sofia Majjul Fajardo for her contribution to the initial design of certain figures.We also thank the team members of GCARE and its Guildford Living Lab(GLL),as well as the participants in the RECLAIM Network Plus Horizon Scanning Workshop.
文摘The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures.Despite many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear.This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits.After screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions.Certain GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities.However,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)attention.The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future.Given the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI.This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,filling research gaps,and promoting community resilience.
基金supported by the Budget Surplus of Central Financial Science and Technology Plan(2021-JY-36).
文摘Rapid urbanisation in China has resulted in an increased demand for land in towns and cities.To upgrade and modernise,China has also moved many major industries from urban centres to less populated areas.With the high economic value of urban land,the transformation and utilisation of brownfield areas have become important economically and socially.The Chinese government has recognised the need for strong frameworks to safeguard soil and groundwater quality,with brownfield sites a key category for management.Strong scientific,regulatory and decision-making frameworks are needed and being adopted to ensure practical,careful and wise use of central and localised government resources,to manage the reuse and regeneration of these brownfield sites.This paper reviews the context,policies and management procedures of developing brownfield sites in countries with a history of brownfield management and discusses China’s current situation and priorities for brownfield governance and redevelopment.These include(1)clarification of brownfield site soil contamination risk control standards and risk assessment procedures,(2)the responsibilities of different national and local agencies,(3)the establishment of a national expert committee to advise on best practices,policy and process,(4)the use of registered brownfield databases at national,provincial,municipal and county levels,and(5)the set up of soil pollution prevention fund at the provincial level.
基金All the authors are thankful to Department of Biotechnology-Government of India(Grant No.BT/RLF/Re-Entry/04/2013)Department of Science and Technology-Government of India(Grant No.ECR/2016/000989)for financial support.
文摘Solid state anaerobic digestion(SSAD)of water poor feedstock may be a promising technology for energy recovery.Feedstocks having high solid concentration like lignocellulosic biomass,crop residues,forestry waste and organic fraction of municipal waste may be the appropriate feedstock for its biochemical conversion into energy carries like biomethane through SSAD.Compared to liquid state anaerobic digestion(LSAD),SSAD can handle higher organic loading rates(OLR),requires less water and smaller reactor volume and may have lower energy demand for heating or stirring and higher volumetric methane productivity.Besides these,pathogen inactivation may also be achieved in SSAD of biodegradable waste.Around 60%of recently built AD systems have adopted SSAD technology.However,the process stability of an SSAD system may have several constraints like limited mass transfer,process inhibitors and selection of digester type and should be addressed prior to the implementation of SSAD technology.In this article,a comprehensive overview of the key aspects influencing the performance of SSAD is discussed along with the need for mathematical modelling approaches.Further to this,reactor configuration for SSAD and digestate management requirement and practice for solid-state condition are reviewed for a better insight of SSAD technology.
