Using a phylogenomic approach, we have identified and subciassified a new family of carotenoid-binding proteins. These proteins have sequence homology to the N-terminal domain （NTD） of the Orange Carotenoid Protein ...Using a phylogenomic approach, we have identified and subciassified a new family of carotenoid-binding proteins. These proteins have sequence homology to the N-terminal domain （NTD） of the Orange Carotenoid Protein （OCP）, and are referred to as Helical Carotenoid Proteins （HCPs）. These proteins comprise at least nine distinct ciades and are found in diverse organisms, frequently as multiple paralogs representing the distinct ciades. These seem to be out-paralogs maintained from ancient duplications associated with subfunctionalization. All of the HCPs share conservation of the residues for carotenoid binding, and we confirm that carotenoid binding is a fundamental property of HCPso We solved two crystal structures of the Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 HCP1 protein, each binding a different carotenoid, suggesting that the proteins flexibly bind a range of carotenoids. Based on a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, we propose that one of the HCP subtypes is likely the evolutionary ancestor of the NTD of the OCP, which arose following a domain fusion evenS. However, we predict that the majority of HCPs have functions distinct from the NTD of the OCP. Our results demonstrate that the HCPs are a new family of functionally diverse carotenoid-binding proteins found among ecophysiologically diverse cyanobacteria.展开更多
The hotABA-deficiency suppressor2 （has2） mutation increases drought tolerance and the ABA sensitivity of stomata closure and seed germination. Here we report that the HAS2 locus encodes the MITOCHONDRIAL EDITING FAC...The hotABA-deficiency suppressor2 （has2） mutation increases drought tolerance and the ABA sensitivity of stomata closure and seed germination. Here we report that the HAS2 locus encodes the MITOCHONDRIAL EDITING FACTOR11 （MEF11）, also known as LOVASTATIN INSENSITIVE1. has21mef11 mutants exhibited phenotypes very similar to the ABA-hypersensitive mutant, hail-1 pp2ca-1 hab 1-1 abil-2, which is impaired in four genes encoding type 2C protein phosphatases （PP2C） that act as upstream negative regulators of the ABA signaling cascade. Like pp2c, mef11 plants were more resistant to progressive water stress and seed germination was more sensitive to paclobutrazol （a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor） as well as mannitol and NaCI, compared with the wild-type plants. Phenotypic alterations in mef11 were associated with the lack of editing of transcripts for the mitochondrial cytochrome c maturation FN2 （cCmFN2） gene, which encodes a cytochrome c-heme lyase subunit involved in cytochrome c biogenesis. Although the abundance of electron transfer chain complexes was not affected, their dysfunction could be deduced from increased respiration and altered production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in reef11 seeds. As minor defects in mitochondrial respiration affect ABA signaling, this suggests an essential role for ABA in mitochondrial retrograde regulation.展开更多
基金The work in the Kerfeld Laboratory was supported by the National Science Foundation （lOS 1557324） and by the Office of Science of the U.S. Depart- ment of Energy DE-FG02-91ER20021. The research in D.K.＇s laboratory was supported by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche （ANR, project CYANOPROTECT）, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique （CNRS） and the Commissariat ＆ I＇Energie Atomique.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Prof. C. Peter Wolk （MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University） for the gift of E, coil strain ED8654 and pRL443 plasmid. We are indebted to Dr. Enrique Ftores and Dr. Antonia Herrero （IBVF, Seville, Spain） for the Nostoc 7120 strain and the pRL277 plasmid. We thank Dr. Fei Cai for comments and assistance in revision of this manuscript. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231 No conflict of interest declared.
文摘Using a phylogenomic approach, we have identified and subciassified a new family of carotenoid-binding proteins. These proteins have sequence homology to the N-terminal domain （NTD） of the Orange Carotenoid Protein （OCP）, and are referred to as Helical Carotenoid Proteins （HCPs）. These proteins comprise at least nine distinct ciades and are found in diverse organisms, frequently as multiple paralogs representing the distinct ciades. These seem to be out-paralogs maintained from ancient duplications associated with subfunctionalization. All of the HCPs share conservation of the residues for carotenoid binding, and we confirm that carotenoid binding is a fundamental property of HCPso We solved two crystal structures of the Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 HCP1 protein, each binding a different carotenoid, suggesting that the proteins flexibly bind a range of carotenoids. Based on a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, we propose that one of the HCP subtypes is likely the evolutionary ancestor of the NTD of the OCP, which arose following a domain fusion evenS. However, we predict that the majority of HCPs have functions distinct from the NTD of the OCP. Our results demonstrate that the HCPs are a new family of functionally diverse carotenoid-binding proteins found among ecophysiologically diverse cyanobacteria.
文摘The hotABA-deficiency suppressor2 （has2） mutation increases drought tolerance and the ABA sensitivity of stomata closure and seed germination. Here we report that the HAS2 locus encodes the MITOCHONDRIAL EDITING FACTOR11 （MEF11）, also known as LOVASTATIN INSENSITIVE1. has21mef11 mutants exhibited phenotypes very similar to the ABA-hypersensitive mutant, hail-1 pp2ca-1 hab 1-1 abil-2, which is impaired in four genes encoding type 2C protein phosphatases （PP2C） that act as upstream negative regulators of the ABA signaling cascade. Like pp2c, mef11 plants were more resistant to progressive water stress and seed germination was more sensitive to paclobutrazol （a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor） as well as mannitol and NaCI, compared with the wild-type plants. Phenotypic alterations in mef11 were associated with the lack of editing of transcripts for the mitochondrial cytochrome c maturation FN2 （cCmFN2） gene, which encodes a cytochrome c-heme lyase subunit involved in cytochrome c biogenesis. Although the abundance of electron transfer chain complexes was not affected, their dysfunction could be deduced from increased respiration and altered production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in reef11 seeds. As minor defects in mitochondrial respiration affect ABA signaling, this suggests an essential role for ABA in mitochondrial retrograde regulation.
