Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries,being considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome.NAFLD has a common pathogenic backgroun...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries,being considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome.NAFLD has a common pathogenic background to that of metabolic syndrome,and shares many risk factors such as obesity,hypertension,insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.Although there is no currently available evidence-based established treatment for NAFLD,all the recommendations from the medical associations indicate that the most effective treatment is to reduce weight through lifestyle modifications.Diet,indeed,plays a key role in the management of NAFLD patients,as both the quantity and quality of the diet have been reported to have a beneficial role in the onset and severity of the liver disease.Among all the diets that have been proposed,a Mediterranean diet was the most effective dietary option for inducing weight loss together with beneficial effects on all the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD.Over the last few years,research has demonstrated a beneficial effect of a Mediterranean diet in NAFLD.In this review,we will examine all the available data on the association between diet,nutrients and the Mediterranean diet in association with onset and severity of NAFLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia(FM)syndrome is mainly characterized by widespread pain,sleeping disorders,fatigue,and cognitive dysfunction.In many cases,gastrointestinal distress is also reported,suggesting the potential pat...BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia(FM)syndrome is mainly characterized by widespread pain,sleeping disorders,fatigue,and cognitive dysfunction.In many cases,gastrointestinal distress is also reported,suggesting the potential pathogenic role of the gut microbiota(GM).The GM is deeply influenced by several environmental factors,especially the diet,and recent findings highlighted significant symptom improvement in FM patients following various nutritional interventions such as vegetarian diet,low-fermentable oligosaccharides,disaccharides,monosaccharides,and polyols based diets,gluten-free diet,and especially an ancient grain supplementation.In particular,a recent study reported that a replacement diet with ancient Khorasan wheat led to an overall improvement in symptom severity of FM patients.AIM To examine the effects of ancient Khorasan wheat on the GM,inflammation,and short-chain fatty acid production in FM patients.METHODS After a 2-wk run-in period,20 FM patients were enrolled in this randomized,double-blind crossover trial.In detail,they were assigned to consume either Khorasan or control wheat products for 8 wk and then,following an 8-wk washout period,crossed.Before and after treatments,GM characterization was performed by 16S rRNA sequencing while the fecal molecular inflammatory response and the short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were respectively determined with the Luminex MAGPIX detection system and a mass chromatography-mass spectrometry method.RESULTS The Khorasan wheat replacement diet,in comparison with the control wheat diet,had more positive effects on intestinal microbiota composition and on both the fecal immune and SCFAs profiles such as the significant increase of butyric acid levels(P=0.054),candidatus Saccharibacteria(P=9.95e-06)and Actinobacteria,and the reduction of Enterococcaceae(P=4.97e-04).Moreover,the improvement of various FM symptoms along with the variation of some gut bacteria after the Khorasan wheat diet have been documented;in fact we reported positive correlations between Actinobacteria and both Tiredness Symptoms Scale(P<0.001)and Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire(P<0.05)scores,between Verrucomicrobiae and both Widespread Pain Index(WPI)+Symptom Severity scale(SS)(P<0.05)and WPI(P<0.05)scores,between candidatus Saccharibacteria and SS score(P<0.05),and between Bacteroidales and Sleep-Related and Safety Behaviour Questionnaire score(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The replacement diet based on ancient Khorasan wheat results in beneficial GM compositional and functional modifications that positively correlate with an improvement of FM symptomatology.展开更多
Nowadays,immunotherapy is widely used to treat different cancer types as it boosts the body's natural defenses against the malignancy,with lower risk of adverse events compared to the traditional treatments.The im...Nowadays,immunotherapy is widely used to treat different cancer types as it boosts the body's natural defenses against the malignancy,with lower risk of adverse events compared to the traditional treatments.The immune system is able to control cancer growth but,unfortunately,many cancers take advantage of immune checkpoints pathways for the immune evasion.An intricate network of factors including tumor,host and environmental variables influence the individual response to immune checkpoints’inhibitors.Between them,the gut microbiota(GM)has recently gained increasing attention because of its emerging role as a modulator of the immune response.Several studies analyzed the diversities between immunotherapy-sensitive and immunotherapy-resistant cohorts,evidencing that particular GM profiles were closely associated to treatment effect.In addition,other data documented that interventional GM modulation could effectively enhance efficacy and relieve resistance during immunotherapy treatment.Diet represents one of the major GM determinants,and ongoing studies are examining the role of the food-gut axis in immunotherapy treatment.Here,we review recent studies that described how variations of the GM affects patient’s responsivity to anti-cancer immunotherapy and how diet-related factors impact on the GM modulation in cancer,outlining potential future clinical directions of these recent findings.展开更多
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries,being considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome.NAFLD has a common pathogenic background to that of metabolic syndrome,and shares many risk factors such as obesity,hypertension,insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.Although there is no currently available evidence-based established treatment for NAFLD,all the recommendations from the medical associations indicate that the most effective treatment is to reduce weight through lifestyle modifications.Diet,indeed,plays a key role in the management of NAFLD patients,as both the quantity and quality of the diet have been reported to have a beneficial role in the onset and severity of the liver disease.Among all the diets that have been proposed,a Mediterranean diet was the most effective dietary option for inducing weight loss together with beneficial effects on all the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD.Over the last few years,research has demonstrated a beneficial effect of a Mediterranean diet in NAFLD.In this review,we will examine all the available data on the association between diet,nutrients and the Mediterranean diet in association with onset and severity of NAFLD.
文摘BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia(FM)syndrome is mainly characterized by widespread pain,sleeping disorders,fatigue,and cognitive dysfunction.In many cases,gastrointestinal distress is also reported,suggesting the potential pathogenic role of the gut microbiota(GM).The GM is deeply influenced by several environmental factors,especially the diet,and recent findings highlighted significant symptom improvement in FM patients following various nutritional interventions such as vegetarian diet,low-fermentable oligosaccharides,disaccharides,monosaccharides,and polyols based diets,gluten-free diet,and especially an ancient grain supplementation.In particular,a recent study reported that a replacement diet with ancient Khorasan wheat led to an overall improvement in symptom severity of FM patients.AIM To examine the effects of ancient Khorasan wheat on the GM,inflammation,and short-chain fatty acid production in FM patients.METHODS After a 2-wk run-in period,20 FM patients were enrolled in this randomized,double-blind crossover trial.In detail,they were assigned to consume either Khorasan or control wheat products for 8 wk and then,following an 8-wk washout period,crossed.Before and after treatments,GM characterization was performed by 16S rRNA sequencing while the fecal molecular inflammatory response and the short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were respectively determined with the Luminex MAGPIX detection system and a mass chromatography-mass spectrometry method.RESULTS The Khorasan wheat replacement diet,in comparison with the control wheat diet,had more positive effects on intestinal microbiota composition and on both the fecal immune and SCFAs profiles such as the significant increase of butyric acid levels(P=0.054),candidatus Saccharibacteria(P=9.95e-06)and Actinobacteria,and the reduction of Enterococcaceae(P=4.97e-04).Moreover,the improvement of various FM symptoms along with the variation of some gut bacteria after the Khorasan wheat diet have been documented;in fact we reported positive correlations between Actinobacteria and both Tiredness Symptoms Scale(P<0.001)and Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire(P<0.05)scores,between Verrucomicrobiae and both Widespread Pain Index(WPI)+Symptom Severity scale(SS)(P<0.05)and WPI(P<0.05)scores,between candidatus Saccharibacteria and SS score(P<0.05),and between Bacteroidales and Sleep-Related and Safety Behaviour Questionnaire score(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The replacement diet based on ancient Khorasan wheat results in beneficial GM compositional and functional modifications that positively correlate with an improvement of FM symptomatology.
基金Supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research,the Foundation“Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze”FCR 2017Italian Ministry of Health(Ricerca Finalizzata 2016),No.GR-2016-02361162.
文摘Nowadays,immunotherapy is widely used to treat different cancer types as it boosts the body's natural defenses against the malignancy,with lower risk of adverse events compared to the traditional treatments.The immune system is able to control cancer growth but,unfortunately,many cancers take advantage of immune checkpoints pathways for the immune evasion.An intricate network of factors including tumor,host and environmental variables influence the individual response to immune checkpoints’inhibitors.Between them,the gut microbiota(GM)has recently gained increasing attention because of its emerging role as a modulator of the immune response.Several studies analyzed the diversities between immunotherapy-sensitive and immunotherapy-resistant cohorts,evidencing that particular GM profiles were closely associated to treatment effect.In addition,other data documented that interventional GM modulation could effectively enhance efficacy and relieve resistance during immunotherapy treatment.Diet represents one of the major GM determinants,and ongoing studies are examining the role of the food-gut axis in immunotherapy treatment.Here,we review recent studies that described how variations of the GM affects patient’s responsivity to anti-cancer immunotherapy and how diet-related factors impact on the GM modulation in cancer,outlining potential future clinical directions of these recent findings.
