Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver disease, and is characterized by a wide spectrum of fat-liver disorders that can result in severe liver disease and cirrhosis. Infla...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver disease, and is characterized by a wide spectrum of fat-liver disorders that can result in severe liver disease and cirrhosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Currently, there is no consensus concerning the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD. However, lifestyle interventions based on exercise and a balanced diet for quality and quantity, are considered the cornerstone of NAFLD management. Mediterranean diet(MD), rich in polyunsaturated fats, polyphenols, vitamins and carotenoids, with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, has been suggested to be effective in preventing cardiovascular risk factors. In adults, MD has also been demonstrated to be efficacious in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies are available on the effects of the MD in both adult and pediatric subjects with NAFLD. Thus, the aims of the present narrative review are to analyze the current clinical evidence on the impact of MD in patients with NAFLD, and to summarize the main mechanisms of action of MD components on this condition.展开更多
Celiac disease(CD) is an immune-mediated systemic condition evoked by gluten and related prolamines in genetically predisposed subjects. It is characterised by a variable combination of gluten-dependent clinical sympt...Celiac disease(CD) is an immune-mediated systemic condition evoked by gluten and related prolamines in genetically predisposed subjects. It is characterised by a variable combination of gluten-dependent clinical symptoms, CDspecific antibodies, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes, and enteropathy. The only therapy of CD consists of a life-long gluten free diet(GFD). Strict GFD adherence results in full clinical, serological and histological remission, avoiding long-term complications in CD patients. However, this diet is not without problems. Gluten free products have high levels of lipids, sugar and salt to improve food palatability and consistency, and subjects with CD show an excessive consumption of hypercaloric and hyperlipidic foods to compensate dietetic restriction. GFD may therefore have a negative impact on cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, serum lipid levels, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. In adults, some studies have suggested that GFD have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular profile, whereas others have shown an atherogenic effect of GFD. In children, very few studies are available on the issue. Thus, the aim of the present narrative review was to analyze the current clinical evidence on the impact of GFD on cardiometabolic risk factors in children with CD.展开更多
Diet is an important modifiable risk factor for obesity and obesity-related complications,and there has been growing interest in plant-based diets,mainly defined as“vegetarian”diets,which have been associated with a...Diet is an important modifiable risk factor for obesity and obesity-related complications,and there has been growing interest in plant-based diets,mainly defined as“vegetarian”diets,which have been associated with a lower prevalence rate of overweight/obesity as well as a lower risk of coronary heart disease,type 2 diabetes,other cardiometabolic diseases,and all-cause mortality(1).Such dietary patterns are also a major determinant of environmental sustainability(1).Of note,however,vegetarian diets can include less healthy plant foods,such as refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages which have detrimental effects on health(2).展开更多
Concurrent with the obesity epidemic,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is rapidly becoming the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide(1).NAFLD,particularly its histological phenotype non-alcoholic stea...Concurrent with the obesity epidemic,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is rapidly becoming the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide(1).NAFLD,particularly its histological phenotype non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),can progress to advanced liver disease,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and indication for liver transplantation(2).Although remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD,the exact mechanism of hepatic fat accumulation and the progression to NASH is not fully understood.Thus,in order to reduce the burden associated with these diseases,it is imperative that all major factors that contribute to the development of NAFLD are identified.展开更多
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver disease, and is characterized by a wide spectrum of fat-liver disorders that can result in severe liver disease and cirrhosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Currently, there is no consensus concerning the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD. However, lifestyle interventions based on exercise and a balanced diet for quality and quantity, are considered the cornerstone of NAFLD management. Mediterranean diet(MD), rich in polyunsaturated fats, polyphenols, vitamins and carotenoids, with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, has been suggested to be effective in preventing cardiovascular risk factors. In adults, MD has also been demonstrated to be efficacious in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies are available on the effects of the MD in both adult and pediatric subjects with NAFLD. Thus, the aims of the present narrative review are to analyze the current clinical evidence on the impact of MD in patients with NAFLD, and to summarize the main mechanisms of action of MD components on this condition.
文摘Celiac disease(CD) is an immune-mediated systemic condition evoked by gluten and related prolamines in genetically predisposed subjects. It is characterised by a variable combination of gluten-dependent clinical symptoms, CDspecific antibodies, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes, and enteropathy. The only therapy of CD consists of a life-long gluten free diet(GFD). Strict GFD adherence results in full clinical, serological and histological remission, avoiding long-term complications in CD patients. However, this diet is not without problems. Gluten free products have high levels of lipids, sugar and salt to improve food palatability and consistency, and subjects with CD show an excessive consumption of hypercaloric and hyperlipidic foods to compensate dietetic restriction. GFD may therefore have a negative impact on cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, serum lipid levels, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. In adults, some studies have suggested that GFD have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular profile, whereas others have shown an atherogenic effect of GFD. In children, very few studies are available on the issue. Thus, the aim of the present narrative review was to analyze the current clinical evidence on the impact of GFD on cardiometabolic risk factors in children with CD.
文摘Diet is an important modifiable risk factor for obesity and obesity-related complications,and there has been growing interest in plant-based diets,mainly defined as“vegetarian”diets,which have been associated with a lower prevalence rate of overweight/obesity as well as a lower risk of coronary heart disease,type 2 diabetes,other cardiometabolic diseases,and all-cause mortality(1).Such dietary patterns are also a major determinant of environmental sustainability(1).Of note,however,vegetarian diets can include less healthy plant foods,such as refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages which have detrimental effects on health(2).
文摘Concurrent with the obesity epidemic,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is rapidly becoming the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide(1).NAFLD,particularly its histological phenotype non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),can progress to advanced liver disease,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and indication for liver transplantation(2).Although remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD,the exact mechanism of hepatic fat accumulation and the progression to NASH is not fully understood.Thus,in order to reduce the burden associated with these diseases,it is imperative that all major factors that contribute to the development of NAFLD are identified.
