Patients with renal failure are at increased risk of cardiovascular events even at the earliest stages of disease. In addition to many classic cardiovascular risk factors, many conditions that are commonly identified ...Patients with renal failure are at increased risk of cardiovascular events even at the earliest stages of disease. In addition to many classic cardiovascular risk factors, many conditions that are commonly identified as emerging risk factors might contribute to occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Changes in circulating levels of many of these emerging risk factors have been demonstrated in patients with early stages of renal failure caused by different types of renal disease and have been associated with detection of cardiovascular complications. However, for most of these factors evidence of benefts of correction on cardiovascular outcome is missing. In this article, we comment on the role of lipoprotein（a） and prothrombotic factors as potential contributors to cardiovascular events in patients with early renal failure.展开更多
Association of diabetes with hypertension is frequent and it well known that high blood pressure potentiates the probability of diabetic patients to develop macrovascularand microvascular complications. Strong evidenc...Association of diabetes with hypertension is frequent and it well known that high blood pressure potentiates the probability of diabetic patients to develop macrovascularand microvascular complications. Strong evidence obtained in a number of large scale prospective studies indicates that adequate blood pressure control in diabetic patients is highly beneficial for prevention of cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, only a limited proportion of hypertensive-diabetic individuals included in studies on anti-hypertensive treatment has met the predefined blood pressure goal. The optimal blood pressure goal to be pursued in diabetic patients with hypertension to guarantee effective protection from cardiovascular outcomes is still under intense debate and recommendations of current guidelines on hypertension treatment are still inconsistent. We comment here on the most important studies and conclude that current evidence does not conclusively support the need to reach a blood pressure target in hypertensive patients with diabetes different from nondiabetic hypertensive individuals.展开更多
基金Supported by A European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research(COST-BM1301)grant(to Catena C)a generous contribution of the Pier Silverio Nassimbeni Foundation(to Catena C and Sechi LA)
文摘Patients with renal failure are at increased risk of cardiovascular events even at the earliest stages of disease. In addition to many classic cardiovascular risk factors, many conditions that are commonly identified as emerging risk factors might contribute to occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Changes in circulating levels of many of these emerging risk factors have been demonstrated in patients with early stages of renal failure caused by different types of renal disease and have been associated with detection of cardiovascular complications. However, for most of these factors evidence of benefts of correction on cardiovascular outcome is missing. In this article, we comment on the role of lipoprotein（a） and prothrombotic factors as potential contributors to cardiovascular events in patients with early renal failure.
基金Supported by The European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research grant to Catena C,No.COST-BM1301a generous contribution of the PierSilverio Nassimbeni Foundation to Catena C and Sechi LA
文摘Association of diabetes with hypertension is frequent and it well known that high blood pressure potentiates the probability of diabetic patients to develop macrovascularand microvascular complications. Strong evidence obtained in a number of large scale prospective studies indicates that adequate blood pressure control in diabetic patients is highly beneficial for prevention of cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, only a limited proportion of hypertensive-diabetic individuals included in studies on anti-hypertensive treatment has met the predefined blood pressure goal. The optimal blood pressure goal to be pursued in diabetic patients with hypertension to guarantee effective protection from cardiovascular outcomes is still under intense debate and recommendations of current guidelines on hypertension treatment are still inconsistent. We comment here on the most important studies and conclude that current evidence does not conclusively support the need to reach a blood pressure target in hypertensive patients with diabetes different from nondiabetic hypertensive individuals.
