Non-Newtonian flows have applications in food combination,plasma flow,inherent and organic fluids,antibiotics,and lubrication through oils and greases.This study explores the bidirectional flow of Williamson nanofluid...Non-Newtonian flows have applications in food combination,plasma flow,inherent and organic fluids,antibiotics,and lubrication through oils and greases.This study explores the bidirectional flow of Williamson nanofluid in a porous medium,incorporating thermophoresis,Brownian motion,bioconvection effects,and Arrhenius activation energy over a nonlinear stretching surface.The governing equations are transformed into a dimension-less form using similarity transformations and numerically solved via MATLAB’s bvp4c shooting scheme.Results indicate that increasing the Williamson parameterλand porosity parameterεreduces velocity,with a 10%rise inλleading to an 8%velocity reduction.Tem-perature increases with the thermophoresis parameter(Nt)where a 15%increase in Nt results in a 7%temperature rise.The Nusselt number improves with a higher Prandtl number Pr increasing by 10%when Pr rises from 5 to 7,while the Sherwood number declines with stron-ger Brownian motion.These findings provide key insights into heat and mass transfer Recent advances in modified Arrhenius activation energy and bioconvection mechanisms,contributing to advancements in industrial cooling,biomedical applications,and nanofluid-based thermal systems.展开更多
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia(Grant No.252032).
文摘Non-Newtonian flows have applications in food combination,plasma flow,inherent and organic fluids,antibiotics,and lubrication through oils and greases.This study explores the bidirectional flow of Williamson nanofluid in a porous medium,incorporating thermophoresis,Brownian motion,bioconvection effects,and Arrhenius activation energy over a nonlinear stretching surface.The governing equations are transformed into a dimension-less form using similarity transformations and numerically solved via MATLAB’s bvp4c shooting scheme.Results indicate that increasing the Williamson parameterλand porosity parameterεreduces velocity,with a 10%rise inλleading to an 8%velocity reduction.Tem-perature increases with the thermophoresis parameter(Nt)where a 15%increase in Nt results in a 7%temperature rise.The Nusselt number improves with a higher Prandtl number Pr increasing by 10%when Pr rises from 5 to 7,while the Sherwood number declines with stron-ger Brownian motion.These findings provide key insights into heat and mass transfer Recent advances in modified Arrhenius activation energy and bioconvection mechanisms,contributing to advancements in industrial cooling,biomedical applications,and nanofluid-based thermal systems.
