Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site a...Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site and off-sitedis crucial for guiding effective conservation strategies.However,existing methodologies often fall short in quantifying the value of these combined benefits.Here,we present a comprehensive framework for quantifying soil conservation service flows in monetary terms,evaluating the effectiveness of both on-site and off-site measures.Applying this framework to the Yellow River Basin(YRB),we employ cost-avoidance algorithms related to soil fertility maintenance,dredging cost reduction,and mitigation of nonpoint source pollution.Our results reveal that while many areas contribute to both on-site and off-site benefits,over half of the YRB relies predominantly on off-site services.By strategically enhancing key regionsdwhich constitute 30%of the basindwe demonstrate that the overall soil conservation service supply can increase by 64.2%over the multi-year average from 2001 to 2020 compared to a consideration of on-site only.These findings underscore the essential role of off-site services in fully understanding soil conservation needs,particularly in large river basins,and the identified priority areas can offer valuable insights for optimizing soil conservation efforts.展开更多
Aims The process of facilitation,where a species increases the survival,growth,and fitness of another species,is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor in shaping the structure of plant communities.This...Aims The process of facilitation,where a species increases the survival,growth,and fitness of another species,is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor in shaping the structure of plant communities.This process is particularly important in stressful environments.Yet few studies have attempted to incorporate positive interactions into community ecological theories such as the neutral theory of biodiversity.Here,we use an equalizing trade-off model as a foundation to study the potential impact of facilitation on species richness and community temporal turnover.Methods Based on a spatially explicit birth–death trade-off model,we assume that the occurrence of facilitation is dependent on the presence of interspecific neighbours.We further propose that the realized birth rate for a given individual subject to facilitation is proportional to the number of interspecific neighbours within its neighbourhood.Thus,in our model,the individuals of rare species will benefit more from the existence of heterospecific individuals than common species.Important Findings As the facilitative coefficient increased,the species richness for simulated communities at the dynamically stochastic equilibrium was also increasing.Simulations also demonstrated that facilitation could increase the replacement of species through time:communities with facilitation become more dissimilar(i.e.have smaller Bray–Curtis similarity values)than communities without or with a lower degree of facilitation after the same time interval.Facilitation from interspecific neighbours on rare species increased their population sizes and consequently made them less prone to extinction,thus enhancing species richness.Meanwhile,in a saturated community,with the increase of species richness,mean population size of entire communities decreased,making species more prone to extinction on average,and thus increased the community temporal turnover.Our results suggest that future experimental work on the effect of facilitation on community-level properties should focus not just on species richness but also on other descriptors of community dynamics such as the temporal species turnover.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42041005e5)F.T.M.acknowledges support from the University of Alicante(UADIF22-74 and VIGROB22-350)the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain(PID2020-116578RB-I00)。
文摘Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site and off-sitedis crucial for guiding effective conservation strategies.However,existing methodologies often fall short in quantifying the value of these combined benefits.Here,we present a comprehensive framework for quantifying soil conservation service flows in monetary terms,evaluating the effectiveness of both on-site and off-site measures.Applying this framework to the Yellow River Basin(YRB),we employ cost-avoidance algorithms related to soil fertility maintenance,dredging cost reduction,and mitigation of nonpoint source pollution.Our results reveal that while many areas contribute to both on-site and off-site benefits,over half of the YRB relies predominantly on off-site services.By strategically enhancing key regionsdwhich constitute 30%of the basindwe demonstrate that the overall soil conservation service supply can increase by 64.2%over the multi-year average from 2001 to 2020 compared to a consideration of on-site only.These findings underscore the essential role of off-site services in fully understanding soil conservation needs,particularly in large river basins,and the identified priority areas can offer valuable insights for optimizing soil conservation efforts.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31000199,30970543,30770360,41021091)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2012-133,lzujbky-2009-88,lzujbky-2010-49)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Research Fund for Interdisciplince of Lanzhou University(LZUJC200915)the Department of Zoology,University of Cambridge(to M.D.F.E.)the European Research Council(the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 to F.T.M./ERC grant agreement no.242658[BIOCOM]).
文摘Aims The process of facilitation,where a species increases the survival,growth,and fitness of another species,is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor in shaping the structure of plant communities.This process is particularly important in stressful environments.Yet few studies have attempted to incorporate positive interactions into community ecological theories such as the neutral theory of biodiversity.Here,we use an equalizing trade-off model as a foundation to study the potential impact of facilitation on species richness and community temporal turnover.Methods Based on a spatially explicit birth–death trade-off model,we assume that the occurrence of facilitation is dependent on the presence of interspecific neighbours.We further propose that the realized birth rate for a given individual subject to facilitation is proportional to the number of interspecific neighbours within its neighbourhood.Thus,in our model,the individuals of rare species will benefit more from the existence of heterospecific individuals than common species.Important Findings As the facilitative coefficient increased,the species richness for simulated communities at the dynamically stochastic equilibrium was also increasing.Simulations also demonstrated that facilitation could increase the replacement of species through time:communities with facilitation become more dissimilar(i.e.have smaller Bray–Curtis similarity values)than communities without or with a lower degree of facilitation after the same time interval.Facilitation from interspecific neighbours on rare species increased their population sizes and consequently made them less prone to extinction,thus enhancing species richness.Meanwhile,in a saturated community,with the increase of species richness,mean population size of entire communities decreased,making species more prone to extinction on average,and thus increased the community temporal turnover.Our results suggest that future experimental work on the effect of facilitation on community-level properties should focus not just on species richness but also on other descriptors of community dynamics such as the temporal species turnover.
