Gluten is essential to the rheological and functional properties of wheat dough.Microbial transglutaminase is often used to enhance gluten functionality through cross-linking and,when combined with amine nucleophiles,...Gluten is essential to the rheological and functional properties of wheat dough.Microbial transglutaminase is often used to enhance gluten functionality through cross-linking and,when combined with amine nucleophiles,can reduce its immunogenicity.ε-Poly-L-lysine(ε-PL),a GRAS-status natural homopolymer of lysine with anti-microbial activity,can efficiently act as an amine nucleophile for transamidation,yet its effects on gluten microstructure and rheology remain unexplored.This study investigates the concentration-dependent impact of covalently linkedε-PL on gluten structure and functionality.Polymeric structure was analyzed using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation,and rheological behavior was evaluated through small and large deformation tests.A preliminary antimicrobial assessment was also conducted.At a 1:1ε-PL:glutamine mol ratio,protein polymer size and resistance to extension increased,indicating a reinforced gluten network due to enhanced cross-linking.In contrast,a 5:1 ratio reduced polymer size and elasticity while enhancing extensibility,consistent with a plasticizing effect.These findings demonstrate thatε-PL modulates gluten structure and mechanics in a concentration-dependent manner.Moreover,ε-PL incorporation reduced yeast viability,suggesting added antimicrobial potential.Overall,this work provides new insights intoε-PL-mediated transamidation as a strategy to tailor gluten polymerization,dough rheology,and microbial stability.展开更多
Mushrooms either alone or in combination with conventional cancer treatment have been enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy improving the patients’quality of life.These therapy effects have been attr...Mushrooms either alone or in combination with conventional cancer treatment have been enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy improving the patients’quality of life.These therapy effects have been attributed to polysaccharides;the most potent compounds found in the fungi kingdom.Due to their wide range of biological activity and the backbone of glucose residues linked byβ-(1→3)-glycosidic bonds,often with attached side-chain glucose residues joined byβ-(1→6)linkages,the mushroom’s polysaccharides,particularly theβ-glucans,are the most versatile metabolites.Lentinan,D-fraction,and schizophyllan from Lentinula edodes,Grifola frondosa,and Schizophyllum commune,respectively are well-knownβ-glucans,however,the precise immunomodulation and anticancer mechanisms of action remain to be uncovered.According to several studies,β-glucan can interact with certain receptors on macrophages and dendritic cells,such as dectin-1 and TLRs,producing different cytokines and,in turn,indirectly activating other immune cells including T and B cells.Moreover,recent findings have proved thatβ-glucans have a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells suppressing proliferation and enhancing apoptosis possibly via multiple pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR,NF-κB-,ERK-,ERα-,caspase-and p53-dependent pathways.Indeed,this study intends to provide information on the lentinan,D-fraction,and schizophyllan by examining the extraction procedures,chemical composition,and immunostimulatory and antitumoral biological activities.Future research directions should be directed toward improving the validity and reliability of randomized trials to confirm the potential role ofβ-glucans on the immune system and as anticancer therapy.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)to CQ-VR(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00616/2020 and https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/00616/2020).
文摘Gluten is essential to the rheological and functional properties of wheat dough.Microbial transglutaminase is often used to enhance gluten functionality through cross-linking and,when combined with amine nucleophiles,can reduce its immunogenicity.ε-Poly-L-lysine(ε-PL),a GRAS-status natural homopolymer of lysine with anti-microbial activity,can efficiently act as an amine nucleophile for transamidation,yet its effects on gluten microstructure and rheology remain unexplored.This study investigates the concentration-dependent impact of covalently linkedε-PL on gluten structure and functionality.Polymeric structure was analyzed using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation,and rheological behavior was evaluated through small and large deformation tests.A preliminary antimicrobial assessment was also conducted.At a 1:1ε-PL:glutamine mol ratio,protein polymer size and resistance to extension increased,indicating a reinforced gluten network due to enhanced cross-linking.In contrast,a 5:1 ratio reduced polymer size and elasticity while enhancing extensibility,consistent with a plasticizing effect.These findings demonstrate thatε-PL modulates gluten structure and mechanics in a concentration-dependent manner.Moreover,ε-PL incorporation reduced yeast viability,suggesting added antimicrobial potential.Overall,this work provides new insights intoε-PL-mediated transamidation as a strategy to tailor gluten polymerization,dough rheology,and microbial stability.
基金funded by the project I&T Companies in Co-Promotion FungiTech,Norte-01-0247-FEDER-033788R&D project Fungi4Health-Valorization of agro-industrial co-products by mushroom production and development of functional food and natural cosmetics(NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-070171)National Funds by FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,under the project UIDB/04033/2020(CITAB-Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences).
文摘Mushrooms either alone or in combination with conventional cancer treatment have been enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy improving the patients’quality of life.These therapy effects have been attributed to polysaccharides;the most potent compounds found in the fungi kingdom.Due to their wide range of biological activity and the backbone of glucose residues linked byβ-(1→3)-glycosidic bonds,often with attached side-chain glucose residues joined byβ-(1→6)linkages,the mushroom’s polysaccharides,particularly theβ-glucans,are the most versatile metabolites.Lentinan,D-fraction,and schizophyllan from Lentinula edodes,Grifola frondosa,and Schizophyllum commune,respectively are well-knownβ-glucans,however,the precise immunomodulation and anticancer mechanisms of action remain to be uncovered.According to several studies,β-glucan can interact with certain receptors on macrophages and dendritic cells,such as dectin-1 and TLRs,producing different cytokines and,in turn,indirectly activating other immune cells including T and B cells.Moreover,recent findings have proved thatβ-glucans have a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells suppressing proliferation and enhancing apoptosis possibly via multiple pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR,NF-κB-,ERK-,ERα-,caspase-and p53-dependent pathways.Indeed,this study intends to provide information on the lentinan,D-fraction,and schizophyllan by examining the extraction procedures,chemical composition,and immunostimulatory and antitumoral biological activities.Future research directions should be directed toward improving the validity and reliability of randomized trials to confirm the potential role ofβ-glucans on the immune system and as anticancer therapy.
