In order to improve the accuracy of prediction when using the empirical orthogonal function （EOF） method, this paper describes a novel approach for two-dimensional （2D） EOF analysis based on extrapolating both the...In order to improve the accuracy of prediction when using the empirical orthogonal function （EOF） method, this paper describes a novel approach for two-dimensional （2D） EOF analysis based on extrapolating both the spatial and temporal EOF components for long-term prediction of coastal morphological changes. The approach was investigated with data obtained from a process-based numerical model, COAST2D, which was applied to an idealized study site with a group of shore-parallel breakwaters. The progressive behavior of the spatial and temporal EOF components, related to bathymetric changes over a training period, was demonstrated, and EOF components were extrapolated with combined linear and exponential functions for long-term prediction. The extrapolated EOF components were then used to reconstruct bathymetric changes. The comparison of the reconstructed bathymetric changes with the modeled results from the COAST2D model illustrates that the presented approach can be effective for long-term prediction of coastal morphological changes, and extrapolating both the spatial and temporal EOF components yields better results than extrapolating only the temporal EOF component.展开更多
The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is complex. However,it is believed that a susceptible individual,owing to his genetic background,sex and age,can develop the disease following exposure to an environmenta...The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is complex. However,it is believed that a susceptible individual,owing to his genetic background,sex and age,can develop the disease following exposure to an environmental trigger. Autoimmune hepatitis does not follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance; hence no single causative genetic locus has been identified. However,several genes,inside and outside the HLA locus,have been linked to an increased susceptibility to AIH. Epidemiological evidence also suggests that the sex and age of the patient plays a role in AIH pathogenesis as the disease onset occurs mainly in the two first decades of life and a higher disease incidence is observed in females. No environmental trigger has been identified,but several have been proposed,mainly viruses and xenobiotics. This article aims at reviewing the current knowledge on susceptibility factors leading to AIH and putative triggers,emphasizing fundamental mechanisms responsible for the break of liver immunological tolerance.展开更多
基金the School of Engineering at Cardiff University for providing the financial support of a Ph D studentship to accomplish the research
文摘In order to improve the accuracy of prediction when using the empirical orthogonal function （EOF） method, this paper describes a novel approach for two-dimensional （2D） EOF analysis based on extrapolating both the spatial and temporal EOF components for long-term prediction of coastal morphological changes. The approach was investigated with data obtained from a process-based numerical model, COAST2D, which was applied to an idealized study site with a group of shore-parallel breakwaters. The progressive behavior of the spatial and temporal EOF components, related to bathymetric changes over a training period, was demonstrated, and EOF components were extrapolated with combined linear and exponential functions for long-term prediction. The extrapolated EOF components were then used to reconstruct bathymetric changes. The comparison of the reconstructed bathymetric changes with the modeled results from the COAST2D model illustrates that the presented approach can be effective for long-term prediction of coastal morphological changes, and extrapolating both the spatial and temporal EOF components yields better results than extrapolating only the temporal EOF component.
文摘The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is complex. However,it is believed that a susceptible individual,owing to his genetic background,sex and age,can develop the disease following exposure to an environmental trigger. Autoimmune hepatitis does not follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance; hence no single causative genetic locus has been identified. However,several genes,inside and outside the HLA locus,have been linked to an increased susceptibility to AIH. Epidemiological evidence also suggests that the sex and age of the patient plays a role in AIH pathogenesis as the disease onset occurs mainly in the two first decades of life and a higher disease incidence is observed in females. No environmental trigger has been identified,but several have been proposed,mainly viruses and xenobiotics. This article aims at reviewing the current knowledge on susceptibility factors leading to AIH and putative triggers,emphasizing fundamental mechanisms responsible for the break of liver immunological tolerance.
