With a view to improving rabbit production performance, a trial on the chemical composition of pineapple press residue (Ananas comosus) and the effect of its incorporation in the ration on rabbit growth performance (O...With a view to improving rabbit production performance, a trial on the chemical composition of pineapple press residue (Ananas comosus) and the effect of its incorporation in the ration on rabbit growth performance (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was carried out at the KUATE Cunicole Farm in Bandjoun, in Western Cameroon. To do this, 36 rabbits of the local breed, aged 53 days with an average weight of 1337 ± 119 g were distributed and randomly assigned to 3 experimental rations corresponding respectively to treatments or batches T0, T1 and T2. The animals in treatment T0 received a ration containing no pineapple press residue, while those in treatments T1 and T2 received a ration containing 20% and 40% pineapple press residue, respectively. These residues were dried and ground for chemical composition analysis. The feed served as well as refusals from the previous day were weighed each morning to assess feed intake. The animals were weighed every 7 days to assess weight performance. At the end of the trial which lasted 7 weeks, the animals were fasted for 24 hours, then sacrificed to evaluate carcass characteristics and the relative weights of some digestive organs. The results of this study showed that pineapple press residues had a high crude fiber content (19.2%) and energy (2500 Kcal/kg DM). Their incorporation had no significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The average live weight, weight gain and average daily weight gain of the animals receiving the ration with 20% inclusion of pineapple press residue were comparable to those of the control group and significantly higher than those of animals fed with 40% inclusion of pineapple residue. The highest carcass yields were obtained with rabbits fed 20% pineapple press residue in their ration. The cost of feed for the production of a kilogram live weight of rabbit tends to decrease with the ration incorporated with 20% pineapple press residue. Pineapple press residues constitute a by-product that can be recycled and their incorporation at 20% can increase rabbit growth performance and reduce production costs.展开更多
The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics...The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics in animal feed. This study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang to evaluate the Effect of <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>Cucurma longa</i></span> powder as feed additive on hemato-serological parameters in Guinea pigs. A total of 120 three weeks old Guinea pigs (60 males and 60 females), with an average weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design with 30 animals per treatment (15 males and 15 females). Four experimental treatments were used by adding 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% <i>C. longa</i> in the diet corresponding to R0, R0.25%, R0.5% and R1% respectively. At the 8th week of age, 12 Guinea pigs (6 males and 6 females) per treatment were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was rapidly collected from the jugular vein for the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the inclusion of <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></span>Curcuma longa<span style="white-space:normal;"></i></span> at 0.25% significantly (p < 0.05) increased the concentration of hematocrit, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, serum lipids, globulin, AST, ALT, and urea. It was concluded that the use of <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></span>Curcuma longa<span style="white-space:normal;"></i></span> powder at 0.25% as feed additive positively regulates blood serum parameters of Guinea pigs.展开更多
In order to contribute to the improvement of guinea pig nutrition through the use of unconventional vegetable protein sources (<em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds), experimental trials were carried out at the ...In order to contribute to the improvement of guinea pig nutrition through the use of unconventional vegetable protein sources (<em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds), experimental trials were carried out at the Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit (URPRONAN) of the University of Dschang in April 2018.<em> Moringa oleifera</em> seeds from North Cameroon were divided into three treatments: the first consisted of whole <em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds (MO-whole), the second of Moringa oleifera seeds soaked in cold water for 24 hours (MO-water) and the third of peeled <em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds (MO-peeled). The seeds belonging to these three treatments were analyzed for the determination of the chemical composition before being incorporated into the different concentrates. Each concentrate was then granulated and combined with <em>Pennisetum purpureum</em> to make up the different rations. 40 English Guinea pigs with an average weight of 350 ± 50 g were used to evaluate the ingestion and digestibility of each ration. During the digestibility test which lasted 17 days (10 days of adaptation and 07 days of data collection), each ration was repeated on 10 Guinea pigs. The main results showed that the total tannin and phenol contents decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in M. oleifera seeds soaked for 24 hours (8.2% DM;2884 mg/100gMS) and pulped (13.6% DM;3156 mg/100gMS). The intake of crude cellulose (10.26 gMS/d) and crude protein (3.21 gMS/d) in rations containing whole M. oleifera seeds was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in other rations. Similarly, crude protein digestibility (77.04%) of rations containing whole M. oleifera seeds was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than other rations. This study shows that <em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds soaked for 24 hours or pulped can be used in guinea pig feed as an alternative source of protein.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In order to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge on the</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In order to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge on the</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> valorization of biochar as a feed additive in livestock, three biochar made from cassava peelings, bean tops and cocoa pods were manufactured. After analyzing their mineral composition, they were incorporated into rations at a rate of 0.8% in order to evaluate their effects on the performance of reproduction and pre-weaning growth in cavy (</span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cavia</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">porcellus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The trials were conducted in the Research Unit of Animal Production and Nutrition (URPRONAN) of the University of Dschang, on 96 adult local breed cavy (from the first generation), including 80 females and 16 males aged 4 months and with an average weight of 400 ± 0.25 g. After 2 weeks of adaptation in the rearing boxes at the farm, the females were put in reproduction for a period of 31 days, the animals were divided into 04 batches of 20 females and 4 males. The animals in the control lot were fed a compound feed without biochar (T) while the oth</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ers were fed the compound feed containing 0.8% of cassava peel biochar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (EM), 0.8% of bean tops biochar (FH) and 0.8% of cocoa pod husks biochar (CC) respectively. The results of this study showed that the ash content (26%) and macro-element concentration were higher in the bean husk charcoal compared to the other charcoals and the trace elements were more concentrated in the cassava peel charcoal. The best fertility rate (87.5%) was obtained in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">animals receiving the ration containing organic cocoa pod charcoal. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest abortion rate (63.16%) was obtained in the batch of animals receiving the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ration containing organic bean husk charcoal. Pre-weaning mortality rates </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were comparable between the different rations. Piglet weights at birth were comparable between the different rations. At weaning, the highest average weight of the kids was recorded with the ration containing the organic bean charcoal (197.25 ± 46.9 g). The highest ADG (4.82 ± 0.74 g/d) and TG (101.25 g) were recorded in the batch of animals receiving the FH ration. Thus, the incorporation of 0.8% of the powder of organic coals seems to have adverse effects on reproductive performance. On the other hand, these coals significantly improve the pre-weaning growth performance in cavy.</span></span>展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> use of organic manures, constitute an alternative to that of polluting artificial fert...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> use of organic manures, constitute an alternative to that of polluting artificial fertilizers. In this study, the effect of various levels of hen droppings fertilization on the production of biomass, chemical composition and carrying capacity of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clandestinum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were evaluated at the Research and Experimental Farm (REF) and at the Animal Nutrition and Feeding Laboratory of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the University of Dschang, between April and September 2016. A completely randomized block design comparing three nitrogen level of fertilization in hen droppings form (0;100 and 200 kg N/ha) on 4 m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plot of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clandestinum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used. Each treatment was carried out in four replications for a total of 12 experimental plots. Then a sample of 500 g of forage has been collected in the center of each plot, then dried and used for the evaluation of the biomass and the</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> chemical composition of <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clandestinum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i>, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">according to the level of fertilization and the cutting frequency. The results showed that the fertilization with the hen droppings positively influenced (p < 0.05) regenera</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion at the first cutting frequency and the highest value (47.12 cm) was obtained with of 200 kg N/ha rate of fertilization. The biomass of this fodder increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the level of fertilization with hen droppings. Besides, it decrease</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with the increasing cutting of frequency whatever the level of fertilization. Independently of the fertilization and the cutting frequency, the maximum biomass (6.22 t DM/ha) was obtained with the first cutting at the 200 kg N/ha of hen droppings fertilization. The fertilization influenced in variable way the chemical composition of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clandestinum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The dry matter and organic matter content decrease with the level of fertilization and the highest values (83.79% and 89.39% respectively for the DM and OM) were obtained on the control plot at the third and the first cutting. Moreover, the ash and crude protein contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the cutting frequency of cutting and the level of fertilization applied. The highest ash (19.34% DM) and CP (20.04% DM) contents were obtained with of 200 kg N/ha of hen droppings at the second cutting frequency.</span>展开更多
The study of the effect of added quantity of the essential oil of Callistemon viminalis on the in vivo digestibility of Pennisetum clandestinum and some biochemical parameters on the West African Dwarf goat was conduc...The study of the effect of added quantity of the essential oil of Callistemon viminalis on the in vivo digestibility of Pennisetum clandestinum and some biochemical parameters on the West African Dwarf goat was conducted with nine old West African Dwarf goats. After the adaptation period, each animal received 900 and 100 g/day of Pennisetum clandestinum hay and concentrate respectively, associated with 0, 100 or 200 mg essential oil/kg of DM. The samples of 100 g of each ration, faeces and 10 ml of urine were collected and analyzed for chemical composition and the evaluation of ingestion and digestibility. Also blood samples were obtained from jugular vein of all goats after in vivo digestibility test for the dosage of biochemical parameters. The results of this study show that the ingestion of dry matter, organic matter and the fibers were significantly (p 0.05) higher on the goat with the ration FPc + HECv200. The digestibilities of these same components were equally higher with the ration FPc + HECv200 (71.00% and 69.00% respectively for the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM)). Retained (5.64 g/j) and digested (51.33) nitrogen were significantly (p 0.05) higher with the ration FPc + HECv200. The values of blood metabolites studied increased significantly (p 0.05) with added quantity of essential oil in the rations, except for albumin, globulin, glucose and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In general, the incorporation of essential oils of Callistemon viminalis in the ration improved ingestion, digestibility and biochemical parameters on the West African Dwarf goat.展开更多
The direct and residual effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of B. ruziziensis at the bolting were studied in West Cameroon. The objective of this study was ...The direct and residual effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of B. ruziziensis at the bolting were studied in West Cameroon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of Brachiaria ruziziensis at the bolting. A factorial device comparing five doses of nitrogen into chicken manure (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha) on plot of 6 m2 (3 × 2 m) in four replicates, (i.e. a total of 20 experimental plots) was used. Chicken manure was spread one month after planting pieces of stump during the first year. In the second year, no fertilization was brought up. 40 plants were harvested by treatment for heights and diameters measurements. The evaluation of stems biomass, leaves and whole plants was done on each plot based on the level of fertilization. The results obtained showed that chicken manure fertilization had a positive effect on the growth and biomass production of the B. ruziziensis on the direct and residual effect of fertilization. Thus, the height, diameters and biomass of whole plants in the fertilized plots were significantly larger than in the control plots. The mineralization of the organic matter contained in the chicken manure with doses of 100 kg N/ha was done on the direct and residual effect in order to assure a maximal plant growth. The level of T4 fertilization (corresponding to the dose of 100 kg N/ha) gave the best results. Referring to the result obtained, the level of T4 fertilization corresponding to 100 kg N/ha would be suitable for an optimal B. ruziziensis growth in order to avoid providing the soil with mineral fertilizer.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The present study was assigned to evaluate the Effect of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dracaena arborea</span&g...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The present study was assigned to evaluate the Effect of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dracaena arborea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> roots powder in</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ratio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on growth performances and some hematological parameters in the guinea pig on diet supplemented with graded levels of incorporation. A total of 40 guinea pigs weaned of local breed and aged 3 weeks were divided into 4 identical batches. Each of the groups was randomly assigned one of 4 rations containing different levels of the powder from </span><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dracaena arborea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Da) roots: Da0;Da0.25;Da0.5 and Da0.75. The results at the 11th week of breeding showed that the highest intake (21.13</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/d) was obtained with the Da0.5 ration. The highest live weight (372.50 g) and total weight gains were obtained with the Da0.25 ration. In addition, the highest commercial (161.75 g) and conventional (307.75 g) carcass weights and large intestine length (99.5 cm) were obtained with the D0.25 ration. The highest values for granulocytes (0.250</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10</span><sup></sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>3</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/μl), platelets (805</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10</span><sup></sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>3</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/μl) and lymphocytes (6.92</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10</span><sup></sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>3</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/μl) were respectively, obtained with the rations containing Da0;D0.5 and D0.75. In view of the above, </span><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dracaena arborea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> roots powder can be used at a rate of 0.25% in the ration, to improve the productivity of the guinea pig (</span><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cavia porcellus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">).</span></span></span>展开更多
In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research ...In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research Unit of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FAAS) and the Microbiology and Anti-Microbial Research Unite of the University of Dschang on 72 cavies aged between 4 and 5 months and weighing an average of 450 ± 50 g produced on the farm, including 60 females and 12 males. The females were distributed according to a completely randomized factorial design in twelve (12) rearing boxes numbered G1 to G12, with 15 females per group distributed in 03 boxes and receiving iso-nitrogenated experimental diet (18% protein) R0 enriched with 20% of Stylosanthes guianensis (0% garlic powder), R0.25 (0.25% garlic powder), R0.50 (0.50% garlic powder) and R0.75 (0.75% garlic powder). Females were identified by numbered ear tags and mated with a sex ratio of 5 females for 1 male. Drinking water enriched with vitamin C (01 tablet of 240 mg in 1.5 liters of water) was served ad libitum and renewed daily. The males were removed after 31 days. A form was established to record the weight of each pregnant female, any abortions during gestation, the date of parturition and the date of birth of each newborn, as well as the number of live-born or stillborn pups. After parturition, the weights of female and newborn cavies were recorded weekly until the 3<sup>rd</sup> week. The number of cavies that died before weaning and the number of live weaned cavies were also recorded. Reproductive performance significantly increased (p 0.05) fertility rate and net fertility rate, litter size, birth viability rate, and pre-weaning viability rate with rations containing garlic powder, compared to the control ration, especially with the R0.50 ration. In addition, birth mortality and pre-weaning mortality were significantly lower (p 0.05) with rations containing the additive, compared to those of the control ration (R0). However, the R0.50 ration showed the lowest rates, followed by the R0.25 ration, and finally the R0.75 ration. Weight development of young cavies increased with all rations but was more marked with the R0.50 ration. Only total weight gain (TG) and average daily weight gain (ADG) in the pre-weaning phase were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with rations R0.25 and R0.50.展开更多
文摘With a view to improving rabbit production performance, a trial on the chemical composition of pineapple press residue (Ananas comosus) and the effect of its incorporation in the ration on rabbit growth performance (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was carried out at the KUATE Cunicole Farm in Bandjoun, in Western Cameroon. To do this, 36 rabbits of the local breed, aged 53 days with an average weight of 1337 ± 119 g were distributed and randomly assigned to 3 experimental rations corresponding respectively to treatments or batches T0, T1 and T2. The animals in treatment T0 received a ration containing no pineapple press residue, while those in treatments T1 and T2 received a ration containing 20% and 40% pineapple press residue, respectively. These residues were dried and ground for chemical composition analysis. The feed served as well as refusals from the previous day were weighed each morning to assess feed intake. The animals were weighed every 7 days to assess weight performance. At the end of the trial which lasted 7 weeks, the animals were fasted for 24 hours, then sacrificed to evaluate carcass characteristics and the relative weights of some digestive organs. The results of this study showed that pineapple press residues had a high crude fiber content (19.2%) and energy (2500 Kcal/kg DM). Their incorporation had no significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The average live weight, weight gain and average daily weight gain of the animals receiving the ration with 20% inclusion of pineapple press residue were comparable to those of the control group and significantly higher than those of animals fed with 40% inclusion of pineapple residue. The highest carcass yields were obtained with rabbits fed 20% pineapple press residue in their ration. The cost of feed for the production of a kilogram live weight of rabbit tends to decrease with the ration incorporated with 20% pineapple press residue. Pineapple press residues constitute a by-product that can be recycled and their incorporation at 20% can increase rabbit growth performance and reduce production costs.
文摘The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics in animal feed. This study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang to evaluate the Effect of <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>Cucurma longa</i></span> powder as feed additive on hemato-serological parameters in Guinea pigs. A total of 120 three weeks old Guinea pigs (60 males and 60 females), with an average weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design with 30 animals per treatment (15 males and 15 females). Four experimental treatments were used by adding 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% <i>C. longa</i> in the diet corresponding to R0, R0.25%, R0.5% and R1% respectively. At the 8th week of age, 12 Guinea pigs (6 males and 6 females) per treatment were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was rapidly collected from the jugular vein for the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the inclusion of <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></span>Curcuma longa<span style="white-space:normal;"></i></span> at 0.25% significantly (p < 0.05) increased the concentration of hematocrit, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, serum lipids, globulin, AST, ALT, and urea. It was concluded that the use of <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></span>Curcuma longa<span style="white-space:normal;"></i></span> powder at 0.25% as feed additive positively regulates blood serum parameters of Guinea pigs.
文摘In order to contribute to the improvement of guinea pig nutrition through the use of unconventional vegetable protein sources (<em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds), experimental trials were carried out at the Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit (URPRONAN) of the University of Dschang in April 2018.<em> Moringa oleifera</em> seeds from North Cameroon were divided into three treatments: the first consisted of whole <em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds (MO-whole), the second of Moringa oleifera seeds soaked in cold water for 24 hours (MO-water) and the third of peeled <em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds (MO-peeled). The seeds belonging to these three treatments were analyzed for the determination of the chemical composition before being incorporated into the different concentrates. Each concentrate was then granulated and combined with <em>Pennisetum purpureum</em> to make up the different rations. 40 English Guinea pigs with an average weight of 350 ± 50 g were used to evaluate the ingestion and digestibility of each ration. During the digestibility test which lasted 17 days (10 days of adaptation and 07 days of data collection), each ration was repeated on 10 Guinea pigs. The main results showed that the total tannin and phenol contents decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in M. oleifera seeds soaked for 24 hours (8.2% DM;2884 mg/100gMS) and pulped (13.6% DM;3156 mg/100gMS). The intake of crude cellulose (10.26 gMS/d) and crude protein (3.21 gMS/d) in rations containing whole M. oleifera seeds was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in other rations. Similarly, crude protein digestibility (77.04%) of rations containing whole M. oleifera seeds was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than other rations. This study shows that <em>Moringa oleifera</em> seeds soaked for 24 hours or pulped can be used in guinea pig feed as an alternative source of protein.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In order to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge on the</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> valorization of biochar as a feed additive in livestock, three biochar made from cassava peelings, bean tops and cocoa pods were manufactured. After analyzing their mineral composition, they were incorporated into rations at a rate of 0.8% in order to evaluate their effects on the performance of reproduction and pre-weaning growth in cavy (</span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cavia</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">porcellus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The trials were conducted in the Research Unit of Animal Production and Nutrition (URPRONAN) of the University of Dschang, on 96 adult local breed cavy (from the first generation), including 80 females and 16 males aged 4 months and with an average weight of 400 ± 0.25 g. After 2 weeks of adaptation in the rearing boxes at the farm, the females were put in reproduction for a period of 31 days, the animals were divided into 04 batches of 20 females and 4 males. The animals in the control lot were fed a compound feed without biochar (T) while the oth</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ers were fed the compound feed containing 0.8% of cassava peel biochar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (EM), 0.8% of bean tops biochar (FH) and 0.8% of cocoa pod husks biochar (CC) respectively. The results of this study showed that the ash content (26%) and macro-element concentration were higher in the bean husk charcoal compared to the other charcoals and the trace elements were more concentrated in the cassava peel charcoal. The best fertility rate (87.5%) was obtained in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">animals receiving the ration containing organic cocoa pod charcoal. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest abortion rate (63.16%) was obtained in the batch of animals receiving the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ration containing organic bean husk charcoal. Pre-weaning mortality rates </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were comparable between the different rations. Piglet weights at birth were comparable between the different rations. At weaning, the highest average weight of the kids was recorded with the ration containing the organic bean charcoal (197.25 ± 46.9 g). The highest ADG (4.82 ± 0.74 g/d) and TG (101.25 g) were recorded in the batch of animals receiving the FH ration. Thus, the incorporation of 0.8% of the powder of organic coals seems to have adverse effects on reproductive performance. On the other hand, these coals significantly improve the pre-weaning growth performance in cavy.</span></span>
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> use of organic manures, constitute an alternative to that of polluting artificial fertilizers. In this study, the effect of various levels of hen droppings fertilization on the production of biomass, chemical composition and carrying capacity of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clandestinum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were evaluated at the Research and Experimental Farm (REF) and at the Animal Nutrition and Feeding Laboratory of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the University of Dschang, between April and September 2016. A completely randomized block design comparing three nitrogen level of fertilization in hen droppings form (0;100 and 200 kg N/ha) on 4 m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plot of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clandestinum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used. Each treatment was carried out in four replications for a total of 12 experimental plots. Then a sample of 500 g of forage has been collected in the center of each plot, then dried and used for the evaluation of the biomass and the</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> chemical composition of <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clandestinum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i>, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">according to the level of fertilization and the cutting frequency. The results showed that the fertilization with the hen droppings positively influenced (p < 0.05) regenera</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion at the first cutting frequency and the highest value (47.12 cm) was obtained with of 200 kg N/ha rate of fertilization. The biomass of this fodder increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the level of fertilization with hen droppings. Besides, it decrease</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with the increasing cutting of frequency whatever the level of fertilization. Independently of the fertilization and the cutting frequency, the maximum biomass (6.22 t DM/ha) was obtained with the first cutting at the 200 kg N/ha of hen droppings fertilization. The fertilization influenced in variable way the chemical composition of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clandestinum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The dry matter and organic matter content decrease with the level of fertilization and the highest values (83.79% and 89.39% respectively for the DM and OM) were obtained on the control plot at the third and the first cutting. Moreover, the ash and crude protein contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the cutting frequency of cutting and the level of fertilization applied. The highest ash (19.34% DM) and CP (20.04% DM) contents were obtained with of 200 kg N/ha of hen droppings at the second cutting frequency.</span>
文摘The study of the effect of added quantity of the essential oil of Callistemon viminalis on the in vivo digestibility of Pennisetum clandestinum and some biochemical parameters on the West African Dwarf goat was conducted with nine old West African Dwarf goats. After the adaptation period, each animal received 900 and 100 g/day of Pennisetum clandestinum hay and concentrate respectively, associated with 0, 100 or 200 mg essential oil/kg of DM. The samples of 100 g of each ration, faeces and 10 ml of urine were collected and analyzed for chemical composition and the evaluation of ingestion and digestibility. Also blood samples were obtained from jugular vein of all goats after in vivo digestibility test for the dosage of biochemical parameters. The results of this study show that the ingestion of dry matter, organic matter and the fibers were significantly (p 0.05) higher on the goat with the ration FPc + HECv200. The digestibilities of these same components were equally higher with the ration FPc + HECv200 (71.00% and 69.00% respectively for the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM)). Retained (5.64 g/j) and digested (51.33) nitrogen were significantly (p 0.05) higher with the ration FPc + HECv200. The values of blood metabolites studied increased significantly (p 0.05) with added quantity of essential oil in the rations, except for albumin, globulin, glucose and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In general, the incorporation of essential oils of Callistemon viminalis in the ration improved ingestion, digestibility and biochemical parameters on the West African Dwarf goat.
文摘The direct and residual effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of B. ruziziensis at the bolting were studied in West Cameroon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of Brachiaria ruziziensis at the bolting. A factorial device comparing five doses of nitrogen into chicken manure (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha) on plot of 6 m2 (3 × 2 m) in four replicates, (i.e. a total of 20 experimental plots) was used. Chicken manure was spread one month after planting pieces of stump during the first year. In the second year, no fertilization was brought up. 40 plants were harvested by treatment for heights and diameters measurements. The evaluation of stems biomass, leaves and whole plants was done on each plot based on the level of fertilization. The results obtained showed that chicken manure fertilization had a positive effect on the growth and biomass production of the B. ruziziensis on the direct and residual effect of fertilization. Thus, the height, diameters and biomass of whole plants in the fertilized plots were significantly larger than in the control plots. The mineralization of the organic matter contained in the chicken manure with doses of 100 kg N/ha was done on the direct and residual effect in order to assure a maximal plant growth. The level of T4 fertilization (corresponding to the dose of 100 kg N/ha) gave the best results. Referring to the result obtained, the level of T4 fertilization corresponding to 100 kg N/ha would be suitable for an optimal B. ruziziensis growth in order to avoid providing the soil with mineral fertilizer.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The present study was assigned to evaluate the Effect of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dracaena arborea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> roots powder in</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ratio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on growth performances and some hematological parameters in the guinea pig on diet supplemented with graded levels of incorporation. A total of 40 guinea pigs weaned of local breed and aged 3 weeks were divided into 4 identical batches. Each of the groups was randomly assigned one of 4 rations containing different levels of the powder from </span><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dracaena arborea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Da) roots: Da0;Da0.25;Da0.5 and Da0.75. The results at the 11th week of breeding showed that the highest intake (21.13</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/d) was obtained with the Da0.5 ration. The highest live weight (372.50 g) and total weight gains were obtained with the Da0.25 ration. In addition, the highest commercial (161.75 g) and conventional (307.75 g) carcass weights and large intestine length (99.5 cm) were obtained with the D0.25 ration. The highest values for granulocytes (0.250</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10</span><sup></sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>3</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/μl), platelets (805</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10</span><sup></sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>3</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/μl) and lymphocytes (6.92</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10</span><sup></sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>3</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/μl) were respectively, obtained with the rations containing Da0;D0.5 and D0.75. In view of the above, </span><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dracaena arborea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> roots powder can be used at a rate of 0.25% in the ration, to improve the productivity of the guinea pig (</span><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cavia porcellus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">).</span></span></span>
文摘In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research Unit of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FAAS) and the Microbiology and Anti-Microbial Research Unite of the University of Dschang on 72 cavies aged between 4 and 5 months and weighing an average of 450 ± 50 g produced on the farm, including 60 females and 12 males. The females were distributed according to a completely randomized factorial design in twelve (12) rearing boxes numbered G1 to G12, with 15 females per group distributed in 03 boxes and receiving iso-nitrogenated experimental diet (18% protein) R0 enriched with 20% of Stylosanthes guianensis (0% garlic powder), R0.25 (0.25% garlic powder), R0.50 (0.50% garlic powder) and R0.75 (0.75% garlic powder). Females were identified by numbered ear tags and mated with a sex ratio of 5 females for 1 male. Drinking water enriched with vitamin C (01 tablet of 240 mg in 1.5 liters of water) was served ad libitum and renewed daily. The males were removed after 31 days. A form was established to record the weight of each pregnant female, any abortions during gestation, the date of parturition and the date of birth of each newborn, as well as the number of live-born or stillborn pups. After parturition, the weights of female and newborn cavies were recorded weekly until the 3<sup>rd</sup> week. The number of cavies that died before weaning and the number of live weaned cavies were also recorded. Reproductive performance significantly increased (p 0.05) fertility rate and net fertility rate, litter size, birth viability rate, and pre-weaning viability rate with rations containing garlic powder, compared to the control ration, especially with the R0.50 ration. In addition, birth mortality and pre-weaning mortality were significantly lower (p 0.05) with rations containing the additive, compared to those of the control ration (R0). However, the R0.50 ration showed the lowest rates, followed by the R0.25 ration, and finally the R0.75 ration. Weight development of young cavies increased with all rations but was more marked with the R0.50 ration. Only total weight gain (TG) and average daily weight gain (ADG) in the pre-weaning phase were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with rations R0.25 and R0.50.
