The lysogenic phage CTXΦ of Vibrio cholerae can transfer the cholera toxin gene both horizontally(inter-strain) and vertically(cell proliferation). Due to its diversity in form and species, the complexity of regulato...The lysogenic phage CTXΦ of Vibrio cholerae can transfer the cholera toxin gene both horizontally(inter-strain) and vertically(cell proliferation). Due to its diversity in form and species, the complexity of regulatory mechanisms, and the important role of the infection mechanism in the production of new virulent strains of V.cholerae, the study of the lysogenic phage CTXΦ has attracted much attention. Based on the progress of current research, the genomic features and their arrangement, the host-dependent regulatory mechanisms of CTXΦ phage survival, proliferation and propagation were reviewed to further understand the phage's role in the evolutionary and epidemiological mechanisms of V. cholerae.展开更多
Introduction:Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-,a globally emerging pathogen with multidrug resistance(MDR),is spreading in China.Nationwide data on the antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and genomic characteristics of Salmonella 4,[5...Introduction:Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-,a globally emerging pathogen with multidrug resistance(MDR),is spreading in China.Nationwide data on the antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and genomic characteristics of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-from human sources in China are scarce.This study aimed to characterize the prevalence,genetic diversity,and AMR profiles of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-in China.Methods:All information,including geographical data,antimicrobial susceptibility test results,and whole-genome sequences,was extracted from the Chinese Pathogen Identification Network database from 2017 to 2023.Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of 2,736 human-derived isolates were determined,and genomic analysis was applied to assess their genetic heterogeneity.Additionally,resistance genes were detected.Results:Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-strains exhibited varying levels of resistance to the tested antibiotics,with an overall resistance rate of 98.83%,MDR rate of 87.98%,and cefotaxime resistance of 25.91%.An increasing trend was observed for resistance to key antibiotics and AMR determinants from 2020–2023.Whole-genome analysis revealed five clades with high genetic diversity(A–E),with 97.33%belonging to ST34.Clade D carried a significant proportion of ESBL genes.Moreover,we identified 15 meropenemresistant isolates primarily harboring widely distributed plasmids containing multiple resistance genes,including blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-10.Conclusion:Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-is highly sporadic in China but remains phylogenetically linked to the prevalent MDR clone with a distinct resistance profile worldwide.The emergence of elevated resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and sharp rise in carbapenem resistance,coupled with the detection of plasmid-mediated resistance determinants,suggests the evolution of endemic MDR clones circulating within China.These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance,stricter regulations on antibiotic use in agriculture,comprehensive risk factor surveys,and targeted interventions to prevent outbreaks.展开更多
Introduction:Most current research on Salmonella has targeted prevalent serotypes,such as S.Typhimurium and S.Enteritidis,but the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of less prevalent serotypes remain insuffici...Introduction:Most current research on Salmonella has targeted prevalent serotypes,such as S.Typhimurium and S.Enteritidis,but the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of less prevalent serotypes remain insufficiently characterized.This study focused on S.Give,a less common serotype,to elucidate its genomic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance gene(ARG)profiles in China.Methods:The whole-genome sequences of 185 isolates of S.Give were extracted from the Chinese Pathogen Identification Network database from 2017 to 2024 and subjected to ARG detection and phylogenetic analysis.Results:Two major sequence types(STs)were identified among the S.Give isolates,with ST516 being the predominant ST(92.43%)in China—consistent with the global ST distribution,except in the U.S.,where ST654 prevailed(82.70%).The multidrug resistance(concurrent carriage of≥3 ARGs)rate was 3.51%.All 185 isolates harbored the T57S point mutation in the parC gene on the chromosome,and an increasing trend was observed in the quinolone resistance gene qnrB19 prevalence in China from 2020 to 2024.In the major sublineage,80%of the isolates contained the qnrB19 gene,and 86.41%of the isolates carried the small mobilizable plasmid Col(pHAD28)harboring the qnrB19 gene.Six clusters were detected,indicating several potential outbreaks within China.Moreover a close phylogenetic relationship with European strains was exhibited.Conclusion:This study shows that S.Give predominates in China and is characterized by clonal expansion and the widespread presence of qnrB19-harboring plasmids.S.Give’s sporadic outbreaks and multidrug resistance represent emerging public health threats.Moreover,the ongoing genomic surveillance of uncommon serotypes is essential to identify and mitigate concealed risks to public health.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of China (Grant number 2014SKLID101)the Priority Project on Infectious Disease Control and Prevention (2012ZX10004215)
文摘The lysogenic phage CTXΦ of Vibrio cholerae can transfer the cholera toxin gene both horizontally(inter-strain) and vertically(cell proliferation). Due to its diversity in form and species, the complexity of regulatory mechanisms, and the important role of the infection mechanism in the production of new virulent strains of V.cholerae, the study of the lysogenic phage CTXΦ has attracted much attention. Based on the progress of current research, the genomic features and their arrangement, the host-dependent regulatory mechanisms of CTXΦ phage survival, proliferation and propagation were reviewed to further understand the phage's role in the evolutionary and epidemiological mechanisms of V. cholerae.
文摘Introduction:Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-,a globally emerging pathogen with multidrug resistance(MDR),is spreading in China.Nationwide data on the antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and genomic characteristics of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-from human sources in China are scarce.This study aimed to characterize the prevalence,genetic diversity,and AMR profiles of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-in China.Methods:All information,including geographical data,antimicrobial susceptibility test results,and whole-genome sequences,was extracted from the Chinese Pathogen Identification Network database from 2017 to 2023.Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of 2,736 human-derived isolates were determined,and genomic analysis was applied to assess their genetic heterogeneity.Additionally,resistance genes were detected.Results:Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-strains exhibited varying levels of resistance to the tested antibiotics,with an overall resistance rate of 98.83%,MDR rate of 87.98%,and cefotaxime resistance of 25.91%.An increasing trend was observed for resistance to key antibiotics and AMR determinants from 2020–2023.Whole-genome analysis revealed five clades with high genetic diversity(A–E),with 97.33%belonging to ST34.Clade D carried a significant proportion of ESBL genes.Moreover,we identified 15 meropenemresistant isolates primarily harboring widely distributed plasmids containing multiple resistance genes,including blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-10.Conclusion:Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-is highly sporadic in China but remains phylogenetically linked to the prevalent MDR clone with a distinct resistance profile worldwide.The emergence of elevated resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and sharp rise in carbapenem resistance,coupled with the detection of plasmid-mediated resistance determinants,suggests the evolution of endemic MDR clones circulating within China.These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance,stricter regulations on antibiotic use in agriculture,comprehensive risk factor surveys,and targeted interventions to prevent outbreaks.
文摘Introduction:Most current research on Salmonella has targeted prevalent serotypes,such as S.Typhimurium and S.Enteritidis,but the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of less prevalent serotypes remain insufficiently characterized.This study focused on S.Give,a less common serotype,to elucidate its genomic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance gene(ARG)profiles in China.Methods:The whole-genome sequences of 185 isolates of S.Give were extracted from the Chinese Pathogen Identification Network database from 2017 to 2024 and subjected to ARG detection and phylogenetic analysis.Results:Two major sequence types(STs)were identified among the S.Give isolates,with ST516 being the predominant ST(92.43%)in China—consistent with the global ST distribution,except in the U.S.,where ST654 prevailed(82.70%).The multidrug resistance(concurrent carriage of≥3 ARGs)rate was 3.51%.All 185 isolates harbored the T57S point mutation in the parC gene on the chromosome,and an increasing trend was observed in the quinolone resistance gene qnrB19 prevalence in China from 2020 to 2024.In the major sublineage,80%of the isolates contained the qnrB19 gene,and 86.41%of the isolates carried the small mobilizable plasmid Col(pHAD28)harboring the qnrB19 gene.Six clusters were detected,indicating several potential outbreaks within China.Moreover a close phylogenetic relationship with European strains was exhibited.Conclusion:This study shows that S.Give predominates in China and is characterized by clonal expansion and the widespread presence of qnrB19-harboring plasmids.S.Give’s sporadic outbreaks and multidrug resistance represent emerging public health threats.Moreover,the ongoing genomic surveillance of uncommon serotypes is essential to identify and mitigate concealed risks to public health.
