Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)have attracted increasing attention over time due to their abundance of sodium resources and low cost.However,the widespread application of SMBs as a viable technology remains a great chall...Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)have attracted increasing attention over time due to their abundance of sodium resources and low cost.However,the widespread application of SMBs as a viable technology remains a great challenge,such as uneven metallic deposition and dendrite formation during cycling.Carbon skeletons as sodiophilic hosts can alleviate the dendrite formation during the plating/stripping.For the carbon skeleton,how to rationalize the design sodiophilic interfaces between the sodium metal and carbon species remains key to developing desirable Na anodes.Herein,we fabricated four kinds of structural features for carbon skeletons using conventional calcination and flash Joule heating.The roles of conductivity,defects,oxygen content,and the distribution of graphite for the deposition of metallic sodium were discussed in detail.Based on interface engineering,the J1600 electrode,which has abundant Na-C species on its surface,showed the highest sodiophilic.There are uniform and rich F-Na species distributed in the inner solid electrolyte interface layer.This study investigated the different Na-deposition behavior in carbon hosts with distinct graphitic arrangements to pave the way for designing and optimizing advanced electrode materials.展开更多
Although lithium(Li)metal delivers the highest theoretical capacity as a battery anode,its high reactivity can generate Li dendrites and"dead"Li during cycling,resulting in poor reversibility and low Li util...Although lithium(Li)metal delivers the highest theoretical capacity as a battery anode,its high reactivity can generate Li dendrites and"dead"Li during cycling,resulting in poor reversibility and low Li utilization.Inducing uniform Li plating/stripping is the core of solving these problems.Herein,we design a highly lithiophilic carbon film with an outer sheath of the nanoneedle arrays to induce homogeneous Li plating/stripping.The excellent conductivity and 3D framework of the carbon film not only offer fast charge transport across the entire electrode but also mitigate the volume change of Li metal during cycling.The abundant lithiophilic sites ensure stable Li plating/stripping,thereby inhibiting the Li dendritic growth and"dead"Li formation.The resulting composite anode allows for stable Li stripping/plating under 0.5 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of 0.5 mA h cm^(-2) for 4000 h and 3 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of3 mA h cm^(-2) for 1000 h.The Ex-SEM analysis reveals that lithiophilic property is different at the bottom,top,or channel in the structu re,which can regulate a bottom-up uniform Li deposition behavior.Full cells paired with LFP show a stable capacity of 155 mA h g^(-1) under a current density of 0.5C.The pouch cell can keep powering light-emitting diode even under 180°bending,suggesting its good flexibility and great practical applications.展开更多
Tin sulfide(SnS_(2))is a promising anodematerial for sodium/potassium-ion batteries(SIBs/PIBs)due to its large interlayer spacing and high theoretical capacity.However,its application is hindered by sluggish kinetics,...Tin sulfide(SnS_(2))is a promising anodematerial for sodium/potassium-ion batteries(SIBs/PIBs)due to its large interlayer spacing and high theoretical capacity.However,its application is hindered by sluggish kinetics,volume expansion,and low conductivity.In this work,a synergistic engineering route is proposed that combining environmentally friendly chlorella with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)to achieve green doping and dual-mode confinement SnS_(2)-based anode.The SPANmatrix prevents SnS2 agglomeration,enhances charge transfer,and improves structural stability,while phosphorus(P)doping accelerates“solid‒solid”conversion kinetics.The SnS_(2)‒P‒SPAN anode demonstrates outstanding sodium/potassium storage performance across a wide temperature range(‒40◦C to 70◦C),delivering high reversible capacities,excellent rate capability,and exceptional long-term cycling stability.The reliability of the as-developed strategy in a SnS_(2)‒P‒SPAN//NaNi_(0.4)Fe_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_(2)full cell is also verified,which shows strong practical potential with high capacity and long durability(241 mAh g^(−1)/800 cycles/0.5 A g^(−1)/25℃;159 mAh g^(−1)/400 cycles/0.5 A g−1/60℃;105 mAh g^(−1)/800 cycles/0.5 A g^(−1)/‒15℃).The associated electrochemical mechanisms of SnS_(2)‒P‒SPAN are elucidated through comprehensive electrochemical tests,in/ex situ analyses.The theoretical calculation unveil that P-doping helps to enhance the adsorption capacity of the Na^(+)and discharge products.Thiswork may pave theway for developing promising yet imperfect electrode materials in the field of energy storage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271799,31870570)the Science and Technology Plan of Fujian Provincial,China(3502ZCQXT2022001,2020H4026,2022G02020 and 2022H6002)the Scientific Research Start–up Funding for Special Professor of Minjiang Scholars。
文摘Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)have attracted increasing attention over time due to their abundance of sodium resources and low cost.However,the widespread application of SMBs as a viable technology remains a great challenge,such as uneven metallic deposition and dendrite formation during cycling.Carbon skeletons as sodiophilic hosts can alleviate the dendrite formation during the plating/stripping.For the carbon skeleton,how to rationalize the design sodiophilic interfaces between the sodium metal and carbon species remains key to developing desirable Na anodes.Herein,we fabricated four kinds of structural features for carbon skeletons using conventional calcination and flash Joule heating.The roles of conductivity,defects,oxygen content,and the distribution of graphite for the deposition of metallic sodium were discussed in detail.Based on interface engineering,the J1600 electrode,which has abundant Na-C species on its surface,showed the highest sodiophilic.There are uniform and rich F-Na species distributed in the inner solid electrolyte interface layer.This study investigated the different Na-deposition behavior in carbon hosts with distinct graphitic arrangements to pave the way for designing and optimizing advanced electrode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870570)the Science and Technology Plan of Fujian Provincial,China(2020H4026,2022G02020 and 2022H6002)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Plan of Xiamen(3502Z20203005)the Scientific Research Start-up Funding for Special Professor of Minjiang Scholars。
文摘Although lithium(Li)metal delivers the highest theoretical capacity as a battery anode,its high reactivity can generate Li dendrites and"dead"Li during cycling,resulting in poor reversibility and low Li utilization.Inducing uniform Li plating/stripping is the core of solving these problems.Herein,we design a highly lithiophilic carbon film with an outer sheath of the nanoneedle arrays to induce homogeneous Li plating/stripping.The excellent conductivity and 3D framework of the carbon film not only offer fast charge transport across the entire electrode but also mitigate the volume change of Li metal during cycling.The abundant lithiophilic sites ensure stable Li plating/stripping,thereby inhibiting the Li dendritic growth and"dead"Li formation.The resulting composite anode allows for stable Li stripping/plating under 0.5 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of 0.5 mA h cm^(-2) for 4000 h and 3 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of3 mA h cm^(-2) for 1000 h.The Ex-SEM analysis reveals that lithiophilic property is different at the bottom,top,or channel in the structu re,which can regulate a bottom-up uniform Li deposition behavior.Full cells paired with LFP show a stable capacity of 155 mA h g^(-1) under a current density of 0.5C.The pouch cell can keep powering light-emitting diode even under 180°bending,suggesting its good flexibility and great practical applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 22479026,22225902,51502036,21875037,and 2220918National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC3906300Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province 2023J02013,2023YZ038001,Self-Deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Young Top Talent of Fujian Young Eagle Program,Educational Commission of Fujian Province.
文摘Tin sulfide(SnS_(2))is a promising anodematerial for sodium/potassium-ion batteries(SIBs/PIBs)due to its large interlayer spacing and high theoretical capacity.However,its application is hindered by sluggish kinetics,volume expansion,and low conductivity.In this work,a synergistic engineering route is proposed that combining environmentally friendly chlorella with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)to achieve green doping and dual-mode confinement SnS_(2)-based anode.The SPANmatrix prevents SnS2 agglomeration,enhances charge transfer,and improves structural stability,while phosphorus(P)doping accelerates“solid‒solid”conversion kinetics.The SnS_(2)‒P‒SPAN anode demonstrates outstanding sodium/potassium storage performance across a wide temperature range(‒40◦C to 70◦C),delivering high reversible capacities,excellent rate capability,and exceptional long-term cycling stability.The reliability of the as-developed strategy in a SnS_(2)‒P‒SPAN//NaNi_(0.4)Fe_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_(2)full cell is also verified,which shows strong practical potential with high capacity and long durability(241 mAh g^(−1)/800 cycles/0.5 A g^(−1)/25℃;159 mAh g^(−1)/400 cycles/0.5 A g−1/60℃;105 mAh g^(−1)/800 cycles/0.5 A g^(−1)/‒15℃).The associated electrochemical mechanisms of SnS_(2)‒P‒SPAN are elucidated through comprehensive electrochemical tests,in/ex situ analyses.The theoretical calculation unveil that P-doping helps to enhance the adsorption capacity of the Na^(+)and discharge products.Thiswork may pave theway for developing promising yet imperfect electrode materials in the field of energy storage.
