The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil has become a global environmental issue.Vermicomposting is gaining prominence in agricultural practices as a soil amendment to improve soil quality.However...The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil has become a global environmental issue.Vermicomposting is gaining prominence in agricultural practices as a soil amendment to improve soil quality.However,its impact on soil ARGs remains unclear when it occurs in farmland.We comprehensively explored the evolution and fate of ARGs and their hosts in the field soil profiles under vermicompost application for more than 3years.Vermicompost application increased several ARG loads in soil environment but decreased the high-risk bla-ARGs(bla_(ampC),bla_(NDM),and bla_(GES-1))by log(0.04-0.43).ARGs in soil amended with vermicompost primarily occurred in topsoil(approximately 1.04-fold of unfertilized soil),but it is worth noting that their levels in the 40-60 cm soil layer were the same or even less than in the unfertilized soil.The microbial community structure changed in soil profiles after vermicompost application.Vermicompost application altered the microbial community structure in soil profiles,showing that the dominant bacteria(i.e.,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes)were decreased 2.62%-5.48%with the increase of soil depth.A network analysis further revealed that most of ARG dominant host bacteria did not migrate from surface soil to deep soil.In particular,those host bacteria harboring high-risk bla-ARGs were primarily concentrated in the surface soil.This study highlights a lower risk of the propagation of ARGs caused by vermicompost application and provides a novel approach to reduce and relieve the dissemination of ARGs derived from animals in agricultural production.展开更多
In response to the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,it is crucial to understand the origin,transmission,and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2),which relies on c...In response to the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,it is crucial to understand the origin,transmission,and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2),which relies on close surveillance of genomic diversity in clinical samples.Although the mutation at the population level had been extensively investigated,how the mutations evolve at the individual level is largely unknown.Eighteen time-series fecal samples were collected from nine patients with COVID-19 during the convalescent phase.The nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2 were enriched by the hybrid capture method.First,we demonstrated the outstanding performance of the hybrid capture method in detecting intra-host variants.We identified 229 intra-host variants at 182 sites in 18 fecal samples.Among them,nineteen variants presented frequency changes>0.3 within 1-5 days,reflecting highly dynamic intrahost viral populations.Moreover,the evolution of the viral genome demonstrated that the virus was probably viable in the gastrointestinal tract during the convalescent period.Meanwhile,we also found that the same mutation showed a distinct pattern of frequency changes in different individuals,indicating a strong random drift.In summary,dramatic changes of the SARS-CoV-2 genome were detected in fecal samples during the convalescent period;whether the viral load in feces is sufficient to establish an infection warranted further investigation.展开更多
The rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae),is one of the most serious pests in rice-growing areas,and it has developed resistance to most insecticides currently used in the field.Cyproflanil...The rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae),is one of the most serious pests in rice-growing areas,and it has developed resistance to most insecticides currently used in the field.Cyproflanilide is a novel meta-diamide insecticide that has shown high activities to multiple pests.Evaluating the risk of resistance to cyproflanilide in C.suppressalis is necessary for its preventive resistance management.Here we established the baseline susceptibility of C.suppressalis to cyproflanilide by the rice-seedling dipping method and topical application,and the LC_(50) and LD_(50) values were 0.026 mg L^(-1) and 0.122 ng/larva,respectively.The LC_(50) values of cyproflanilide in 37 field populations ranged from 0.012 to 0.061 mg L^(-1),and 25 field populations exhibited resistance to chlorantraniliprole with the highest LC_(50) value of 3,770.059 mg L^(-1).In addition,a logistic distribution model analysis indicated that only 0.048 mg L^(-1) of cyproflanilide was required to kill 90% field chlorantraniliprole-resistant populations of C.suppressalis,compared to 2,087.764 mg L^(-1) of chlorantraniliprole for a similar level of control.Resistance screening over 19 generations did not result in resistance to cyproflanilide(RR=3.1-fold).The realized heritability(h^(2))of resistance was estimated as 0.067 by using threshold trait analysis,suggesting a low risk of cyproflanilide resistance development in susceptible strains.The Cypro-SEL population(F_(10))had no obvious fitness cost(relative fitness=0.96),and no significant changes in sensitivity to seven tested insecticides.These findings suggested that cyproflanilide is a promising insecticide for the management of chlorantraniliprole-resistant C.suppressalis.Moreover,this integrated risk assessment provides scientific application guidelines for the sustainable resistance management of cyproflanilide for controlling C.suppressalis.展开更多
Importance:The clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis(IM)in Chinese children have not been evaluated in multicenter studies,and the effectiveness of antiviral treatment are controversial.Objective:To inv...Importance:The clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis(IM)in Chinese children have not been evaluated in multicenter studies,and the effectiveness of antiviral treatment are controversial.Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of Chinese children with IM and current status of antiviral therapy for affected patients.Methods:Hospitalized patients with IM were enrolled between 2018 and 2020 in five children’s hospitals in China.The clinical characteristics were compared among four age groups:<3 years,3-<6 years,6-<10 years,and≥10 years.The clinical characteristics of IM and effectiveness of antiviral therapy were compared among patients receiving acyclovir(ACV),ganciclovir(GCV),and no antiviral therapy(i.e.,non-antiviral group).Results:In total,499 patients were analyzed;most patients were 3-<6 years of age.The most common symptoms and signs included fever(100%),lymphadenopathy(98.6%),pharyngitis(86.4%),eyelid edema(76.8%),and snoring(72.9%).There were significant differences in rash,hepatomegaly,and liver dysfunction among the four age groups.Patients aged<3 years had a lower incidence of liver dysfunction and a higher incidence of rash.Among the 499 patients,50.1%were treated with GCV,26.3%were treated with ACV,and 23.6%received no antiviral therapy.Compared with the non-antiviral group,patients in the ACV and GCV groups had longer durations of fever(P<0.001).There were no significant differences in the incidences of complications among the three treatment groups.Interpretation:The incidence of IM in Chinese children peaked at 3-<6 years of age.Clinical features of IM varied according to age.Patients receiving antiviral therapy exhibited more serious clinical manifestations than did patients without antiviral therapy.The effectiveness of antiviral therapy for IM requires further analysis.展开更多
We report a novel Mn-Co-Ni-O(MCN)nanocomposite in which the p-type semiconductivity of Mn-Co-Ni-O can be manipulated by addition of graphene.With an increase of graphene content,the semiconductivity of the nanocomposi...We report a novel Mn-Co-Ni-O(MCN)nanocomposite in which the p-type semiconductivity of Mn-Co-Ni-O can be manipulated by addition of graphene.With an increase of graphene content,the semiconductivity of the nanocomposite can be tuned from p-type through electrically neutral to n-type.The very low effective mass of electrons in graphene facilitates electron tunneling into the MCN,neutralizing holes in the MCN nanoparticles.XPS analysis shows that the multivalent manganese ions in the MCN nanoparticles are chemically reduced by the graphene electrons to lower-valent states.Unlike traditional semiconductor devices,electrons are excited from the filled graphite band into the empty band at the Dirac points from where they move freely in the graphene and tunnel into the MCN.The new composite film demonstrates inherent flexibility,high mobility,short carrier lifetime,and high carrier concentration.This work is useful not only in manufacturing flexible transistors,FETs,and thermosensitive and thermoelectric devices with unique properties but also in providing a new method for future development of 2D-based semiconductors.展开更多
We report a novel Mn-Co-Ni-O(MCN)nanocomposite in which the p-type semiconductivity of Mn-Co-Ni-O can be manipulated by addition of graphene.With an increase of graphene content,the semiconductivity of the nanocomposi...We report a novel Mn-Co-Ni-O(MCN)nanocomposite in which the p-type semiconductivity of Mn-Co-Ni-O can be manipulated by addition of graphene.With an increase of graphene content,the semiconductivity of the nanocomposite can be tuned from p-type through electrically neutral to n-type.The very low effective mass of electrons in graphene facilitates electron tunneling into the MCN,neutralizing holes in the MCN nanoparticles.XPS analysis shows that the multivalent manganese ions in the MCN nanoparticles are chemically reduced by the graphene electrons to lower-valent states.Unlike traditional semiconductor devices,electrons are excited from the filled graphite band into the empty band at the Dirac points from where they move freely in the graphene and tunnel into the MCN.The new composite film demonstrates inherent flexibility,high mobility,short carrier lifetime,and high carrier concentration.This work is useful not only in manufacturing flexible transistors,FETs,and thermosensitive and thermoelectric devices with unique properties but also in providing a new method for future development of 2D-based semiconductors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077355,42277033)the Government Purchasing Project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(No.15228002)the Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(No.202102AE090011)。
文摘The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil has become a global environmental issue.Vermicomposting is gaining prominence in agricultural practices as a soil amendment to improve soil quality.However,its impact on soil ARGs remains unclear when it occurs in farmland.We comprehensively explored the evolution and fate of ARGs and their hosts in the field soil profiles under vermicompost application for more than 3years.Vermicompost application increased several ARG loads in soil environment but decreased the high-risk bla-ARGs(bla_(ampC),bla_(NDM),and bla_(GES-1))by log(0.04-0.43).ARGs in soil amended with vermicompost primarily occurred in topsoil(approximately 1.04-fold of unfertilized soil),but it is worth noting that their levels in the 40-60 cm soil layer were the same or even less than in the unfertilized soil.The microbial community structure changed in soil profiles after vermicompost application.Vermicompost application altered the microbial community structure in soil profiles,showing that the dominant bacteria(i.e.,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes)were decreased 2.62%-5.48%with the increase of soil depth.A network analysis further revealed that most of ARG dominant host bacteria did not migrate from surface soil to deep soil.In particular,those host bacteria harboring high-risk bla-ARGs were primarily concentrated in the surface soil.This study highlights a lower risk of the propagation of ARGs caused by vermicompost application and provides a novel approach to reduce and relieve the dissemination of ARGs derived from animals in agricultural production.
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC0848900)the Strategic Priority CAS Project(XDB38000000)Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Major Science and Technology Project for Control and Prevention of Major Infectious Diseases in China(2018ZX10305409,2018ZX10301401,2018ZX10732401)
文摘In response to the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,it is crucial to understand the origin,transmission,and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2),which relies on close surveillance of genomic diversity in clinical samples.Although the mutation at the population level had been extensively investigated,how the mutations evolve at the individual level is largely unknown.Eighteen time-series fecal samples were collected from nine patients with COVID-19 during the convalescent phase.The nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2 were enriched by the hybrid capture method.First,we demonstrated the outstanding performance of the hybrid capture method in detecting intra-host variants.We identified 229 intra-host variants at 182 sites in 18 fecal samples.Among them,nineteen variants presented frequency changes>0.3 within 1-5 days,reflecting highly dynamic intrahost viral populations.Moreover,the evolution of the viral genome demonstrated that the virus was probably viable in the gastrointestinal tract during the convalescent period.Meanwhile,we also found that the same mutation showed a distinct pattern of frequency changes in different individuals,indicating a strong random drift.In summary,dramatic changes of the SARS-CoV-2 genome were detected in fecal samples during the convalescent period;whether the viral load in feces is sufficient to establish an infection warranted further investigation.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China(2022YFD1700200).
文摘The rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae),is one of the most serious pests in rice-growing areas,and it has developed resistance to most insecticides currently used in the field.Cyproflanilide is a novel meta-diamide insecticide that has shown high activities to multiple pests.Evaluating the risk of resistance to cyproflanilide in C.suppressalis is necessary for its preventive resistance management.Here we established the baseline susceptibility of C.suppressalis to cyproflanilide by the rice-seedling dipping method and topical application,and the LC_(50) and LD_(50) values were 0.026 mg L^(-1) and 0.122 ng/larva,respectively.The LC_(50) values of cyproflanilide in 37 field populations ranged from 0.012 to 0.061 mg L^(-1),and 25 field populations exhibited resistance to chlorantraniliprole with the highest LC_(50) value of 3,770.059 mg L^(-1).In addition,a logistic distribution model analysis indicated that only 0.048 mg L^(-1) of cyproflanilide was required to kill 90% field chlorantraniliprole-resistant populations of C.suppressalis,compared to 2,087.764 mg L^(-1) of chlorantraniliprole for a similar level of control.Resistance screening over 19 generations did not result in resistance to cyproflanilide(RR=3.1-fold).The realized heritability(h^(2))of resistance was estimated as 0.067 by using threshold trait analysis,suggesting a low risk of cyproflanilide resistance development in susceptible strains.The Cypro-SEL population(F_(10))had no obvious fitness cost(relative fitness=0.96),and no significant changes in sensitivity to seven tested insecticides.These findings suggested that cyproflanilide is a promising insecticide for the management of chlorantraniliprole-resistant C.suppressalis.Moreover,this integrated risk assessment provides scientific application guidelines for the sustainable resistance management of cyproflanilide for controlling C.suppressalis.
基金This work was supported by the Children’s medication special project of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University(YZYB 202003)Beijing Hospital Authority "Dengfeng" Talent Training Plan(DFL 20181201)
文摘Importance:The clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis(IM)in Chinese children have not been evaluated in multicenter studies,and the effectiveness of antiviral treatment are controversial.Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of Chinese children with IM and current status of antiviral therapy for affected patients.Methods:Hospitalized patients with IM were enrolled between 2018 and 2020 in five children’s hospitals in China.The clinical characteristics were compared among four age groups:<3 years,3-<6 years,6-<10 years,and≥10 years.The clinical characteristics of IM and effectiveness of antiviral therapy were compared among patients receiving acyclovir(ACV),ganciclovir(GCV),and no antiviral therapy(i.e.,non-antiviral group).Results:In total,499 patients were analyzed;most patients were 3-<6 years of age.The most common symptoms and signs included fever(100%),lymphadenopathy(98.6%),pharyngitis(86.4%),eyelid edema(76.8%),and snoring(72.9%).There were significant differences in rash,hepatomegaly,and liver dysfunction among the four age groups.Patients aged<3 years had a lower incidence of liver dysfunction and a higher incidence of rash.Among the 499 patients,50.1%were treated with GCV,26.3%were treated with ACV,and 23.6%received no antiviral therapy.Compared with the non-antiviral group,patients in the ACV and GCV groups had longer durations of fever(P<0.001).There were no significant differences in the incidences of complications among the three treatment groups.Interpretation:The incidence of IM in Chinese children peaked at 3-<6 years of age.Clinical features of IM varied according to age.Patients receiving antiviral therapy exhibited more serious clinical manifestations than did patients without antiviral therapy.The effectiveness of antiviral therapy for IM requires further analysis.
基金supported by theShaanxi Fundamental Education Research Funds for the Universities(2017e065201102)the Special Fund for Support by 2019 Guangdong Special Funds(2019B090904007).
文摘We report a novel Mn-Co-Ni-O(MCN)nanocomposite in which the p-type semiconductivity of Mn-Co-Ni-O can be manipulated by addition of graphene.With an increase of graphene content,the semiconductivity of the nanocomposite can be tuned from p-type through electrically neutral to n-type.The very low effective mass of electrons in graphene facilitates electron tunneling into the MCN,neutralizing holes in the MCN nanoparticles.XPS analysis shows that the multivalent manganese ions in the MCN nanoparticles are chemically reduced by the graphene electrons to lower-valent states.Unlike traditional semiconductor devices,electrons are excited from the filled graphite band into the empty band at the Dirac points from where they move freely in the graphene and tunnel into the MCN.The new composite film demonstrates inherent flexibility,high mobility,short carrier lifetime,and high carrier concentration.This work is useful not only in manufacturing flexible transistors,FETs,and thermosensitive and thermoelectric devices with unique properties but also in providing a new method for future development of 2D-based semiconductors.
基金supported by the Shaanxi Fundamental Education Research Funds for the Universities(2017e065201102)the Special Fund for Support by 2019 Guangdong Special Funds(2019B090904007).
文摘We report a novel Mn-Co-Ni-O(MCN)nanocomposite in which the p-type semiconductivity of Mn-Co-Ni-O can be manipulated by addition of graphene.With an increase of graphene content,the semiconductivity of the nanocomposite can be tuned from p-type through electrically neutral to n-type.The very low effective mass of electrons in graphene facilitates electron tunneling into the MCN,neutralizing holes in the MCN nanoparticles.XPS analysis shows that the multivalent manganese ions in the MCN nanoparticles are chemically reduced by the graphene electrons to lower-valent states.Unlike traditional semiconductor devices,electrons are excited from the filled graphite band into the empty band at the Dirac points from where they move freely in the graphene and tunnel into the MCN.The new composite film demonstrates inherent flexibility,high mobility,short carrier lifetime,and high carrier concentration.This work is useful not only in manufacturing flexible transistors,FETs,and thermosensitive and thermoelectric devices with unique properties but also in providing a new method for future development of 2D-based semiconductors.
