The current review is designed with aims to highlight the impact of heat stress(HS) on calves and heifers and to suggest methods for HS alleviation. HS occurs in animals when heat gain from environment and metabolism ...The current review is designed with aims to highlight the impact of heat stress(HS) on calves and heifers and to suggest methods for HS alleviation. HS occurs in animals when heat gain from environment and metabolism surpasses heat loss by radiation, convection, evaporation and conduction. Although calves and heifers are comparatively heat resistant due to less production of metabolic heat and more heat dissipation efficiency, they still suffer from HS to some degree. Dry matter intake and growth performance of calves and heifers are reduced during HS because of redistributing energy to heat regulation through a series of physiological and metabolic responses, such as elevated blood insulin and protein catabolism. Enhanced respiration rate and panting during HS accelerate the loss of CO2, resulting in altered blood acid-base chemistry and respiratory alkalosis. HS-induced alteration in rumen motility and microbiota affects the feed digestibility and rumen fermentation. Decreased luteinizing hormone, estradiol and gonadotrophins due to HS disturb the normal estrus cyclicity, depress follicular development, hence the drop in conception rate. Prenatal HS not only suppresses the embryonic development by the impaired placenta, which results in hypoxia and malnutrition, but also retards the growth, immunity and future milk production of newborn calves. Based on the above challenges, we attempted to describe the possible impacts of HS on growth, health, digestibility and reproduction of calves and heifers. Likewise, we also proposed three primary strategies for ameliorating HS consequences. Genetic development and reproductive measures, such as gene selection and embryo transfers, are more likely long-term approaches to enhance heat tolerance. While physical modification of the environment, such as shades and sprinkle systems, is the most common and easily implemented measure to alleviate HS. Additionally, nutritional management is another key approach which could help calves and heifers maintain homeostasis and prevent nutrient deficiencies because of HS.展开更多
Low-cost silicon microparticles(SiMP),as a substitute for nanostructured silicon,easily suffer from cracks and fractured during the electrochemical cycle.A novel n-type conductive polymer binder with excellent electro...Low-cost silicon microparticles(SiMP),as a substitute for nanostructured silicon,easily suffer from cracks and fractured during the electrochemical cycle.A novel n-type conductive polymer binder with excellent electronic and ionic conductivities as well as good adhesion,has been successfully designed and applied for high-performance SiMP anodes in lithium-ion batteries to address this problem.Its unique features are attributed to the stro ng electron-withdrawing oxadiazole ring structure with sulfonate polar groups.The combination of rigid and flexible components in the polymer ensures its good mechanical strength and ductility,which is beneficial to suppress the expansion and contraction of SiMP s during the charge/discharge process.By fine-tuning the monomer ratio,the conjugation and sulfonation degrees of the polymer can be precisely controlled to regulate its ionic and electronic conductivities,which has been systematically analyzed with the help of an electrochemical test method,filling in the gap on the conductivity measurement of the polymer in the doping state.The experimental results indicate that the cell with the developed n-type polymer binder and SiMP(~0.5 μm) anodes achieves much better cycling performance than traditional non-conductive binders.It has been considered that the initial capacity of the SiMP anode is controlled by the synergetic effect of ionic and electronic conductivity of the binder,and the capacity retention mainly depends on its electronic conductivity when the ionic conductivity is sufficient.It is worth noting that the fundamental research of this wo rk is also applicable to other battery systems using conductive polymers in order to achieve high energy density,broadening their practical applications.展开更多
Pulse diagnosis is an irreplaceable part of traditional Chinese medical science.However,application of the traditional pulse monitoring method was restricted in the modernization of Chinese medical science since it wa...Pulse diagnosis is an irreplaceable part of traditional Chinese medical science.However,application of the traditional pulse monitoring method was restricted in the modernization of Chinese medical science since it was difficult to capture real signals and integrate obscure feelings with a modern data platform.Herein,a novel multichannel pulse monitoring platform based on traditional Chinese medical science pulse theory and wearable electronics was proposed.The pulse sensing platform simultaneously detected pulse conditions at three pulse positions(Chi,Cun,and Guan).These signals were fitted to smooth surfaces to enable 3-dimensional pulse mapping,which vividly revealed the shape of the pulse length and width and compensated for the shortcomings of traditional single-point pulse sensors.Moreover,the pulse sensing system could measure the pulse signals from different individuals with different conditions and distinguish the differences in pulse signals.In addition,this system could provide full information on the temporal and spatial dimensions of a person’s pulse waveform,which is similar to the true feelings of doctors’fingertips.This innovative,cost-effective,easily designed pulse monitoring platform based on flexible pressure sensor arrays may provide novel applications in modernization of Chinese medical science or intelligent health care.展开更多
Precise spatiotemporal control of the timing and extent of asymmetric cell divisions(AcDs)is essential for plant development.In the Arabidopsis root,ground tissue maturation involves an additional AcD of the endo-derm...Precise spatiotemporal control of the timing and extent of asymmetric cell divisions(AcDs)is essential for plant development.In the Arabidopsis root,ground tissue maturation involves an additional AcD of the endo-dermis that maintains the inner cell layer as the endodermis and generates the middle cortex to the outside.Through regulation of the cell cycle regulator CYCLIND6;1(CYCD6;1),the transcription factors SCARECROW(SCR)and SHORT-ROOT(SHR)play critical roles in this process.In the present study,we found that loss of function of NAC1,a NAC transcription factor family gene,causes markedly increased periclinal cell divisions in the root endodermis.Importantly,NAC1 directly represses the transcription of CYCD6;1 by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS(TPL),creating a fine-tuned mechanism to maintain proper root ground tissue patterning by limiting production of middle cortex cells.Biochemical and genetic analyses further showed that NAC1 physically interacts with SCR and SHR to restrict excessive periclinal cell divisions in the endo-dermis during root middle cortex formation.Although NAC1-TPL is recruited to the CYCD6;1 promoter and represses its transcription in an SCR-dependent manner,NAC1 and SHR antagonize each other to regu-late the expression of CYCD6;1.Collectively,our study provides mechanistic insights into how the NAC1-TPL module integrates with the master transcriptional regulators SCR and SHR to control root ground tissue patterning by fine-tuning spatiotemporal expression of CYCD6;1 in Arabidopsis.展开更多
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0501600)Key Research and Development Project of Hebei (19226625D)。
文摘The current review is designed with aims to highlight the impact of heat stress(HS) on calves and heifers and to suggest methods for HS alleviation. HS occurs in animals when heat gain from environment and metabolism surpasses heat loss by radiation, convection, evaporation and conduction. Although calves and heifers are comparatively heat resistant due to less production of metabolic heat and more heat dissipation efficiency, they still suffer from HS to some degree. Dry matter intake and growth performance of calves and heifers are reduced during HS because of redistributing energy to heat regulation through a series of physiological and metabolic responses, such as elevated blood insulin and protein catabolism. Enhanced respiration rate and panting during HS accelerate the loss of CO2, resulting in altered blood acid-base chemistry and respiratory alkalosis. HS-induced alteration in rumen motility and microbiota affects the feed digestibility and rumen fermentation. Decreased luteinizing hormone, estradiol and gonadotrophins due to HS disturb the normal estrus cyclicity, depress follicular development, hence the drop in conception rate. Prenatal HS not only suppresses the embryonic development by the impaired placenta, which results in hypoxia and malnutrition, but also retards the growth, immunity and future milk production of newborn calves. Based on the above challenges, we attempted to describe the possible impacts of HS on growth, health, digestibility and reproduction of calves and heifers. Likewise, we also proposed three primary strategies for ameliorating HS consequences. Genetic development and reproductive measures, such as gene selection and embryo transfers, are more likely long-term approaches to enhance heat tolerance. While physical modification of the environment, such as shades and sprinkle systems, is the most common and easily implemented measure to alleviate HS. Additionally, nutritional management is another key approach which could help calves and heifers maintain homeostasis and prevent nutrient deficiencies because of HS.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China and the Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan(No.2020YFG0127)。
文摘Low-cost silicon microparticles(SiMP),as a substitute for nanostructured silicon,easily suffer from cracks and fractured during the electrochemical cycle.A novel n-type conductive polymer binder with excellent electronic and ionic conductivities as well as good adhesion,has been successfully designed and applied for high-performance SiMP anodes in lithium-ion batteries to address this problem.Its unique features are attributed to the stro ng electron-withdrawing oxadiazole ring structure with sulfonate polar groups.The combination of rigid and flexible components in the polymer ensures its good mechanical strength and ductility,which is beneficial to suppress the expansion and contraction of SiMP s during the charge/discharge process.By fine-tuning the monomer ratio,the conjugation and sulfonation degrees of the polymer can be precisely controlled to regulate its ionic and electronic conductivities,which has been systematically analyzed with the help of an electrochemical test method,filling in the gap on the conductivity measurement of the polymer in the doping state.The experimental results indicate that the cell with the developed n-type polymer binder and SiMP(~0.5 μm) anodes achieves much better cycling performance than traditional non-conductive binders.It has been considered that the initial capacity of the SiMP anode is controlled by the synergetic effect of ionic and electronic conductivity of the binder,and the capacity retention mainly depends on its electronic conductivity when the ionic conductivity is sufficient.It is worth noting that the fundamental research of this wo rk is also applicable to other battery systems using conductive polymers in order to achieve high energy density,broadening their practical applications.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61773372,62173240 and 62073229)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1307700)the Jiangsu Province Outstanding Youth Foundation(No.BK20160058)。
文摘Pulse diagnosis is an irreplaceable part of traditional Chinese medical science.However,application of the traditional pulse monitoring method was restricted in the modernization of Chinese medical science since it was difficult to capture real signals and integrate obscure feelings with a modern data platform.Herein,a novel multichannel pulse monitoring platform based on traditional Chinese medical science pulse theory and wearable electronics was proposed.The pulse sensing platform simultaneously detected pulse conditions at three pulse positions(Chi,Cun,and Guan).These signals were fitted to smooth surfaces to enable 3-dimensional pulse mapping,which vividly revealed the shape of the pulse length and width and compensated for the shortcomings of traditional single-point pulse sensors.Moreover,the pulse sensing system could measure the pulse signals from different individuals with different conditions and distinguish the differences in pulse signals.In addition,this system could provide full information on the temporal and spatial dimensions of a person’s pulse waveform,which is similar to the true feelings of doctors’fingertips.This innovative,cost-effective,easily designed pulse monitoring platform based on flexible pressure sensor arrays may provide novel applications in modernization of Chinese medical science or intelligent health care.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170338 and 32061143005)Innovative Research Groups of Shandong University(2020QNQT014)+3 种基金the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of the Major Basic Research Program(2017C03)(to Z.D.)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170311 and 31970192)the Shandong Province Funds for Excellent Young Scholars(ZR2020YQ19)the Program of Shandong University Qilu Young Scholars(to X.K.).
文摘Precise spatiotemporal control of the timing and extent of asymmetric cell divisions(AcDs)is essential for plant development.In the Arabidopsis root,ground tissue maturation involves an additional AcD of the endo-dermis that maintains the inner cell layer as the endodermis and generates the middle cortex to the outside.Through regulation of the cell cycle regulator CYCLIND6;1(CYCD6;1),the transcription factors SCARECROW(SCR)and SHORT-ROOT(SHR)play critical roles in this process.In the present study,we found that loss of function of NAC1,a NAC transcription factor family gene,causes markedly increased periclinal cell divisions in the root endodermis.Importantly,NAC1 directly represses the transcription of CYCD6;1 by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS(TPL),creating a fine-tuned mechanism to maintain proper root ground tissue patterning by limiting production of middle cortex cells.Biochemical and genetic analyses further showed that NAC1 physically interacts with SCR and SHR to restrict excessive periclinal cell divisions in the endo-dermis during root middle cortex formation.Although NAC1-TPL is recruited to the CYCD6;1 promoter and represses its transcription in an SCR-dependent manner,NAC1 and SHR antagonize each other to regu-late the expression of CYCD6;1.Collectively,our study provides mechanistic insights into how the NAC1-TPL module integrates with the master transcriptional regulators SCR and SHR to control root ground tissue patterning by fine-tuning spatiotemporal expression of CYCD6;1 in Arabidopsis.
