1.The strategic significance of fuel cell application in heavy-duty trucks Heavy-duty trucks play an important role in the global transportation industry.In 2019,1.174 million heavy-duty trucks were sold in China,and ...1.The strategic significance of fuel cell application in heavy-duty trucks Heavy-duty trucks play an important role in the global transportation industry.In 2019,1.174 million heavy-duty trucks were sold in China,and the cumulative number of heavy-duty truck sales from January to October 2020 reached 1.3737 million.The sales increment of heavy-duty trucks has also resulted in significant energy consumption and high levels of pollutant emissions.According to statistics,about 50%of total petroleum consumption in China comes from the transportation industry[1].展开更多
Typical catalyst inks in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are composed of a catalyst,its support,an ionomer and a solvent and are used with solution processing approaches to manufacture conventional catalyst...Typical catalyst inks in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are composed of a catalyst,its support,an ionomer and a solvent and are used with solution processing approaches to manufacture conventional catalyst layers(CLs).Because of this,catalyst ink formulation and deposition processes are closely related to CL structure and performance.However,catalyst inks with ideal rheology and optimized electrochemical performances remain lacking in the large-scale application of PEMFCs.To address this,this review will summarize current progress in the formulation,characterization,modeling and deposition of catalyst inks.In addition,this review will highlight recent advancements in catalyst ink materials and discuss corresponding complex interactions.This review will also present various catalyst ink dispersion methods with insights into their stability and introduce the application of small-angle scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy(cryo-TEM)technologies in the characterization of catalyst ink microstructures.Finally,recent studies in the kinetic modeling and deposition of catalyst inks will be analyzed.展开更多
The development of ordered Pt-based intermetallic compounds is an effective way to optimize the electronic characteristics of Pt and its disordered alloys,inhibit the loss of transition metal elements,and prepare fuel...The development of ordered Pt-based intermetallic compounds is an effective way to optimize the electronic characteristics of Pt and its disordered alloys,inhibit the loss of transition metal elements,and prepare fuel cell catalysts with high activity and long-term durability for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).This paper reviews the structure–activity characteristics,research advances,problems,and improvements in Pt-based intermetallic compound fuel cell catalysts for the ORR.First,the structural characteristics and performance advantages of Pt-based intermetallic compounds are analyzed and explained.Second,starting with 3d transition metals such as Fe,Co,and Ni,whose research achievements are common,the preparation process and properties of Pt-based intermetallic compound catalysts for the ORR are introduced in detail according to element types.Third,in view of preparation problems,improvements in the preparation processes of Pt-based intermetallic compounds are also summarized in regard to four aspects:coating to control the crystal size,doping to promote ordering transformation,constructing a“Pt skin”to improve performance,and anchoring and confinement to enhance the interaction between the crystal and support.Finally,by analyzing the research status of Pt-based intermetallic compound catalysts for the ORR,prospective research directions are suggested.展开更多
基金support provided by the Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFB0106500).
文摘1.The strategic significance of fuel cell application in heavy-duty trucks Heavy-duty trucks play an important role in the global transportation industry.In 2019,1.174 million heavy-duty trucks were sold in China,and the cumulative number of heavy-duty truck sales from January to October 2020 reached 1.3737 million.The sales increment of heavy-duty trucks has also resulted in significant energy consumption and high levels of pollutant emissions.According to statistics,about 50%of total petroleum consumption in China comes from the transportation industry[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.21676204)the Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2018YFB0106503).
文摘Typical catalyst inks in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are composed of a catalyst,its support,an ionomer and a solvent and are used with solution processing approaches to manufacture conventional catalyst layers(CLs).Because of this,catalyst ink formulation and deposition processes are closely related to CL structure and performance.However,catalyst inks with ideal rheology and optimized electrochemical performances remain lacking in the large-scale application of PEMFCs.To address this,this review will summarize current progress in the formulation,characterization,modeling and deposition of catalyst inks.In addition,this review will highlight recent advancements in catalyst ink materials and discuss corresponding complex interactions.This review will also present various catalyst ink dispersion methods with insights into their stability and introduce the application of small-angle scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy(cryo-TEM)technologies in the characterization of catalyst ink microstructures.Finally,recent studies in the kinetic modeling and deposition of catalyst inks will be analyzed.
基金the Program of Ministry of Science&Technology of China(No.2021YFB4001104)for their financial support.
文摘The development of ordered Pt-based intermetallic compounds is an effective way to optimize the electronic characteristics of Pt and its disordered alloys,inhibit the loss of transition metal elements,and prepare fuel cell catalysts with high activity and long-term durability for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).This paper reviews the structure–activity characteristics,research advances,problems,and improvements in Pt-based intermetallic compound fuel cell catalysts for the ORR.First,the structural characteristics and performance advantages of Pt-based intermetallic compounds are analyzed and explained.Second,starting with 3d transition metals such as Fe,Co,and Ni,whose research achievements are common,the preparation process and properties of Pt-based intermetallic compound catalysts for the ORR are introduced in detail according to element types.Third,in view of preparation problems,improvements in the preparation processes of Pt-based intermetallic compounds are also summarized in regard to four aspects:coating to control the crystal size,doping to promote ordering transformation,constructing a“Pt skin”to improve performance,and anchoring and confinement to enhance the interaction between the crystal and support.Finally,by analyzing the research status of Pt-based intermetallic compound catalysts for the ORR,prospective research directions are suggested.
