Lithium salt-based hole transport layer(HTL)dopants commonly used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are known to negatively impact stability due to their intrinsic hygroscopic properties and ion migration.In this study,w...Lithium salt-based hole transport layer(HTL)dopants commonly used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are known to negatively impact stability due to their intrinsic hygroscopic properties and ion migration.In this study,we introduce an ammonium salt,p-methoxyphenylethylamine bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfoni mide(MPT),as a novel dual-function dopant for the HTL in PSCs.The chemical interaction between MPT and the widely used HTL material spiro-OMeTAD generates high concentrations of spiroOMeTAD^(+)radicals,effectively enhancing the doping of spiro-OMeTAD.Additionally,MPT reacts with the perovskite layer,forming a 2D perovskite structure at the perovskite/HTL interface,which passivates defects and suppresses interfacial ion migration.As a result,PSCs with MPT doping achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.52%for small-area devices(0.045 cm^(2))and 21.01%for mini-modules(16.8 cm^(2)).Moreover,the incorporation of MPT significantly enhances the moisture,light,and thermal stability of the PSCs by eliminating Li^(+)and suppressing I-migration.Notably,PSCs with MPT-doped PTAA retained 84%of their initial PCE after 1,300 h of aging at 60℃in a nitrogen-filled glovebox.Our work presents a unique doping strategy for the HTL in PSCs,offering a promising approach to simultaneously improve both the stability and efficiency of these devices.展开更多
Deploying task caching at edge servers has become an effectiveway to handle compute-intensive and latency-sensitive tasks on the industrialinternet. However, how to select the task scheduling location to reduce taskde...Deploying task caching at edge servers has become an effectiveway to handle compute-intensive and latency-sensitive tasks on the industrialinternet. However, how to select the task scheduling location to reduce taskdelay and cost while ensuring the data security and reliable communicationof edge computing remains a challenge. To solve this problem, this paperestablishes a task scheduling model with joint blockchain and task cachingin the industrial internet and designs a novel blockchain-assisted cachingmechanism to enhance system security. In this paper, the task schedulingproblem, which couples the task scheduling decision, task caching decision,and blockchain reward, is formulated as the minimum weighted cost problemunder delay constraints. This is a mixed integer nonlinear problem, which isproved to be nonconvex and NP-hard. To solve the optimal solution, thispaper proposes a task scheduling strategy algorithm based on an improvedgenetic algorithm (IGA-TSPA) by improving the genetic algorithm initializationand mutation operations to reduce the size of the initial solutionspace and enhance the optimal solution convergence speed. In addition,an Improved Least Frequently Used algorithm is proposed to improve thecontent hit rate. Simulation results show that IGA-TSPA has a faster optimalsolution-solving ability and shorter running time compared with the existingedge computing scheduling algorithms. The established task scheduling modelnot only saves 62.19% of system overhead consumption in comparison withlocal computing but also has great significance in protecting data security,reducing task processing delay, and reducing system cost.展开更多
To accurately evaluate the Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS)mass change rate and its spatiotemporal characteristics,we derive the AIS mass change series from April 2002 to December 2023 using an improved point-mass model appro...To accurately evaluate the Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS)mass change rate and its spatiotemporal characteristics,we derive the AIS mass change series from April 2002 to December 2023 using an improved point-mass model approach with datadriven regularization matrices and iteratively determined multiple regularization parameters.Then,we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the mass change rate over the AIS,focusing on four glacier basins in the Wilkes Land-Queen Mary Land(WL-QML)region of the East AIS(EAIS),namely the Denman,Moscow,Totten,and Vincennes Bay glacier basins.The results indicate that the AIS contribution to GMSL(global mean sea level)rise peaked at 5.99±0.43 mm in February 2020,followed by a mass gain period lasting over three years,ultimately resulting in a total GMSL contribution of 5.10±0.52 mm by the end of 2023.Moreover,the AIS experienced substantial mass loss during the 2011–2020 period,with a rate of 142.06±56.12Gt a-1,mainly due to intensified mass loss in the West AIS and the WL-QML region of the EAIS.Further analysis shows that the mass loss rate of the four glacier basins in the WL-QML region during the 2011–2020 period increased by 47.64±8.14 Gt a-1compared with the 2002–2010 period,with expanded areas of mass loss spreading inland.Notably,the Vincennes Bay and Denman glacier basins transitioned from mass balance and accumulation to intense mass loss,respectively.An in-depth investigation reveals that the increased ice discharge and decreased SMB(surface mass balance)contribute 27.47%and 72.53%,respectively,to the intensified mass loss of the four glacier basins.Overall,the study presents the mass change characteristics of the AIS over the past 22 years,highlights the instability of four important glacier basins in the EAIS,and provides valuable scientific insights for related polar research.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver malignancy and is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.HCC is refractory to many standard cancer treatments and the prognosis is oft...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver malignancy and is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.HCC is refractory to many standard cancer treatments and the prognosis is often poor,highlighting a pressing need to identify biomarkers of aggressiveness and potential targets for future treatments.Kinesin family member 2C(KIF2C)is reported to be highly expressed in several human tumors.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of KIF2C in tumor development and progression have not been investigated.In this study,we found that KIF2C expression was significantly upregulated in HCC,and that KIF2C up-regulation was associated with a poor prognosis.Utilizing both gain and loss of function assays,we showed that KIF2C promoted HCC cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,we identified TBC1D7 as a binding partner of KIF2C,and this interaction disrupts the formation of the TSC complex,resulting in the enhancement of mammalian target of rapamycin complexl(mTORCI)signal transduction.Additionally,we found that KIF2C is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,and acts as a key factor in mediating the crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and mTORCI signaling.Thus,the results of our study establish a link between Wnt/β-catenin and mTORCI signaling,which highlights the potential of KIF2C as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.展开更多
Oncogenic KRAS has been previously identified to act in a cell-intrinsic manner to modulate multiple biological functions of colorectal cancer(CRC).Here,we demonstrate a cell-extrinsic role of KRAS,where KRAS engages ...Oncogenic KRAS has been previously identified to act in a cell-intrinsic manner to modulate multiple biological functions of colorectal cancer(CRC).Here,we demonstrate a cell-extrinsic role of KRAS,where KRAS engages with the tumor microenvironment by functional reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs).In human CRC specimens,mutant KRAS positively correlates with the presence of TAMs.Mutationally activated KRAS in tumor cells reprograms macrophages to a TAM-like phenotype via a combination effect of tumor-derived CSF2 and lactate.In turn,KRAS-reprogrammed macrophages were shown to not only promote tumor progression but also induce the resistance of tumor cells to cetuximab therapy.Mechanistically,KRAS drives the production of CSF2 and lactate in tumor cells by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-la(HIF-1a),a transcription factor that controls the expression of CSF2 and glycolytic genes.Mutant KRAS increased the production of reactive oxygen species,an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase activity which decreases HIF-1a hydroxylation,leading to enhanced HIF-1a stabilization.This cell-extrinsic mechanism awards KRAS a critical role in engineering a permissive microenvironment to promote tumor malignancy,and may present new insights on potential therapeutic defense strategies against mutant KRAS tumors.展开更多
With the rapid development of location-based services and online social networks,POI recommendation services considering geographic and social factors have received extensive attention.Meanwhile,the vigorous developme...With the rapid development of location-based services and online social networks,POI recommendation services considering geographic and social factors have received extensive attention.Meanwhile,the vigorous development of cloud computing has prompted service providers to outsource data to the cloud to provide POI recommendation services.However,there is a degree of distrust of the cloud by service providers.To protect digital assets,service providers encrypt data before outsourcing it.However,encryption reduces data availability,making it more challenging to provide POI recommendation services in outsourcing scenarios.Some privacy-preserving schemes for geo-social-based POI recommendation have been presented,but they have some limitations in supporting group query,considering both geographic and social factors,and query accuracy,making these schemes impractical.To solve this issue,we propose two practical and privacy-preserving geo-social-based POI recommendation schemes for single user and group users,which are named GSPR-S and GSPR-G.Specifically,we first utilize the quad tree to organize geographic data and the MinHash method to index social data.Then,we apply BGV fully homomorphic encryption to design some private algorithms,including a private max/min operation algorithm,a private rectangular set operation algorithm,and a private rectangular overlapping detection algorithm.After that,we use these algorithms as building blocks in our schemes for efficiency improvement.According to security analysis,our schemes are proven to be secure against the honest-but-curious cloud servers,and experimental results show that our schemes have good performance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172238,52102304,51902264)Open Project of Shaanxi Laboratory of Aerospace Power(2021SXSYS-01-03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019JC0005)。
文摘Lithium salt-based hole transport layer(HTL)dopants commonly used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are known to negatively impact stability due to their intrinsic hygroscopic properties and ion migration.In this study,we introduce an ammonium salt,p-methoxyphenylethylamine bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfoni mide(MPT),as a novel dual-function dopant for the HTL in PSCs.The chemical interaction between MPT and the widely used HTL material spiro-OMeTAD generates high concentrations of spiroOMeTAD^(+)radicals,effectively enhancing the doping of spiro-OMeTAD.Additionally,MPT reacts with the perovskite layer,forming a 2D perovskite structure at the perovskite/HTL interface,which passivates defects and suppresses interfacial ion migration.As a result,PSCs with MPT doping achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.52%for small-area devices(0.045 cm^(2))and 21.01%for mini-modules(16.8 cm^(2)).Moreover,the incorporation of MPT significantly enhances the moisture,light,and thermal stability of the PSCs by eliminating Li^(+)and suppressing I-migration.Notably,PSCs with MPT-doped PTAA retained 84%of their initial PCE after 1,300 h of aging at 60℃in a nitrogen-filled glovebox.Our work presents a unique doping strategy for the HTL in PSCs,offering a promising approach to simultaneously improve both the stability and efficiency of these devices.
基金supported by theCommunication Soft Science Program of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (No.2022-R-43)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (No.2021JQ-719)Graduate Innovation Fund of Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications (No.CXJJZL2021014).
文摘Deploying task caching at edge servers has become an effectiveway to handle compute-intensive and latency-sensitive tasks on the industrialinternet. However, how to select the task scheduling location to reduce taskdelay and cost while ensuring the data security and reliable communicationof edge computing remains a challenge. To solve this problem, this paperestablishes a task scheduling model with joint blockchain and task cachingin the industrial internet and designs a novel blockchain-assisted cachingmechanism to enhance system security. In this paper, the task schedulingproblem, which couples the task scheduling decision, task caching decision,and blockchain reward, is formulated as the minimum weighted cost problemunder delay constraints. This is a mixed integer nonlinear problem, which isproved to be nonconvex and NP-hard. To solve the optimal solution, thispaper proposes a task scheduling strategy algorithm based on an improvedgenetic algorithm (IGA-TSPA) by improving the genetic algorithm initializationand mutation operations to reduce the size of the initial solutionspace and enhance the optimal solution convergence speed. In addition,an Improved Least Frequently Used algorithm is proposed to improve thecontent hit rate. Simulation results show that IGA-TSPA has a faster optimalsolution-solving ability and shorter running time compared with the existingedge computing scheduling algorithms. The established task scheduling modelnot only saves 62.19% of system overhead consumption in comparison withlocal computing but also has great significance in protecting data security,reducing task processing delay, and reducing system cost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42394131&42274005)。
文摘To accurately evaluate the Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS)mass change rate and its spatiotemporal characteristics,we derive the AIS mass change series from April 2002 to December 2023 using an improved point-mass model approach with datadriven regularization matrices and iteratively determined multiple regularization parameters.Then,we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the mass change rate over the AIS,focusing on four glacier basins in the Wilkes Land-Queen Mary Land(WL-QML)region of the East AIS(EAIS),namely the Denman,Moscow,Totten,and Vincennes Bay glacier basins.The results indicate that the AIS contribution to GMSL(global mean sea level)rise peaked at 5.99±0.43 mm in February 2020,followed by a mass gain period lasting over three years,ultimately resulting in a total GMSL contribution of 5.10±0.52 mm by the end of 2023.Moreover,the AIS experienced substantial mass loss during the 2011–2020 period,with a rate of 142.06±56.12Gt a-1,mainly due to intensified mass loss in the West AIS and the WL-QML region of the EAIS.Further analysis shows that the mass loss rate of the four glacier basins in the WL-QML region during the 2011–2020 period increased by 47.64±8.14 Gt a-1compared with the 2002–2010 period,with expanded areas of mass loss spreading inland.Notably,the Vincennes Bay and Denman glacier basins transitioned from mass balance and accumulation to intense mass loss,respectively.An in-depth investigation reveals that the increased ice discharge and decreased SMB(surface mass balance)contribute 27.47%and 72.53%,respectively,to the intensified mass loss of the four glacier basins.Overall,the study presents the mass change characteristics of the AIS over the past 22 years,highlights the instability of four important glacier basins in the EAIS,and provides valuable scientific insights for related polar research.
基金This work was supported by the grants of the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1309001)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects(Health Medical Collaborative Innovation Program of Guangzhou,201803040019)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730072,81672407 and 81872001,81902411)Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2015A030306001)National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX201700299)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643342).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver malignancy and is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.HCC is refractory to many standard cancer treatments and the prognosis is often poor,highlighting a pressing need to identify biomarkers of aggressiveness and potential targets for future treatments.Kinesin family member 2C(KIF2C)is reported to be highly expressed in several human tumors.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of KIF2C in tumor development and progression have not been investigated.In this study,we found that KIF2C expression was significantly upregulated in HCC,and that KIF2C up-regulation was associated with a poor prognosis.Utilizing both gain and loss of function assays,we showed that KIF2C promoted HCC cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,we identified TBC1D7 as a binding partner of KIF2C,and this interaction disrupts the formation of the TSC complex,resulting in the enhancement of mammalian target of rapamycin complexl(mTORCI)signal transduction.Additionally,we found that KIF2C is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,and acts as a key factor in mediating the crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and mTORCI signaling.Thus,the results of our study establish a link between Wnt/β-catenin and mTORCI signaling,which highlights the potential of KIF2C as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870383)Clinical Innovation Research Program of Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory(2018GZR0201005)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(201804010014)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1308800).
文摘Oncogenic KRAS has been previously identified to act in a cell-intrinsic manner to modulate multiple biological functions of colorectal cancer(CRC).Here,we demonstrate a cell-extrinsic role of KRAS,where KRAS engages with the tumor microenvironment by functional reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs).In human CRC specimens,mutant KRAS positively correlates with the presence of TAMs.Mutationally activated KRAS in tumor cells reprograms macrophages to a TAM-like phenotype via a combination effect of tumor-derived CSF2 and lactate.In turn,KRAS-reprogrammed macrophages were shown to not only promote tumor progression but also induce the resistance of tumor cells to cetuximab therapy.Mechanistically,KRAS drives the production of CSF2 and lactate in tumor cells by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-la(HIF-1a),a transcription factor that controls the expression of CSF2 and glycolytic genes.Mutant KRAS increased the production of reactive oxygen species,an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase activity which decreases HIF-1a hydroxylation,leading to enhanced HIF-1a stabilization.This cell-extrinsic mechanism awards KRAS a critical role in engineering a permissive microenvironment to promote tumor malignancy,and may present new insights on potential therapeutic defense strategies against mutant KRAS tumors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3101300,2021YFB3101303)the Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B2030,62302374)+4 种基金Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2023-ZDLGY-35)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722498)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2023-JC-QN-0699)Qin Chuangyuan Cited High-level Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Project(QCYRCXM-2022-244)the Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory(HHX23641X003)。
文摘With the rapid development of location-based services and online social networks,POI recommendation services considering geographic and social factors have received extensive attention.Meanwhile,the vigorous development of cloud computing has prompted service providers to outsource data to the cloud to provide POI recommendation services.However,there is a degree of distrust of the cloud by service providers.To protect digital assets,service providers encrypt data before outsourcing it.However,encryption reduces data availability,making it more challenging to provide POI recommendation services in outsourcing scenarios.Some privacy-preserving schemes for geo-social-based POI recommendation have been presented,but they have some limitations in supporting group query,considering both geographic and social factors,and query accuracy,making these schemes impractical.To solve this issue,we propose two practical and privacy-preserving geo-social-based POI recommendation schemes for single user and group users,which are named GSPR-S and GSPR-G.Specifically,we first utilize the quad tree to organize geographic data and the MinHash method to index social data.Then,we apply BGV fully homomorphic encryption to design some private algorithms,including a private max/min operation algorithm,a private rectangular set operation algorithm,and a private rectangular overlapping detection algorithm.After that,we use these algorithms as building blocks in our schemes for efficiency improvement.According to security analysis,our schemes are proven to be secure against the honest-but-curious cloud servers,and experimental results show that our schemes have good performance.
