The RING-type E3 ligase OsBBI1 regulates rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae through modifying cell wall defenses.In this study,we report the function of an OsBBI1 substrate,eukaryotic translation initiation fa...The RING-type E3 ligase OsBBI1 regulates rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae through modifying cell wall defenses.In this study,we report the function of an OsBBI1 substrate,eukaryotic translation initiation factor OseIF5A4,in rice immunity.OsBBI1 interacts with OseIF5A4 and other four members of the OseIF5A family.The RING domain in OsBBI1 and the eIF-5a domain in OseIF5A4 are critical for the OsBBI1-OseIF5A4 interaction.OsBBI1 ubiquitinates OseIF5A4 and mediates its degradation in vitro and in vivo.Moreover,the expression of OseIF5A4 was upregulated during early stage of compatible interaction but downregulated in incompatible interaction between rice and M.oryzae.Knockout of OseIF5A4 enhances rice immunity against M.oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,boosts pattern-triggered immune responses,and strengthens pathogen-induced defense responses(e.g.,expression of defense genes,accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reinforcement of cell wall).However,overexpression of OseIF5A4 attenuates rice immunity and immune responses.These results demonstrate that OseIF5A4,a substrate of the immunity-associated E3 ligase OsBBI1,negatively regulates rice immunity against M.oryzae and X.oryzae pv.oryzae through modulating pathogen-induced defense responses,highlighting the importance of the protein translational machinery in rice immunity.展开更多
Posttranslational modifications(PTMs)are essential regulatory mechanisms that play a critical role in plant immunity.Previously,we demonstrated that OsBBI1,a RING finger type E3 ligase,contributes to rice resistance a...Posttranslational modifications(PTMs)are essential regulatory mechanisms that play a critical role in plant immunity.Previously,we demonstrated that OsBBI1,a RING finger type E3 ligase,contributes to rice resistance against blast disease.In this study,we identified two Eps15 homology domain(EHD)-containing proteins,OsEHD1 and OsEHD2,as substrates of OsBBI1 and investigated their roles in rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).We found that OsBBI1 ubiquitinated and promoted the degradation of OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 via ubiquitin/26S proteasome system(UPS)pathway.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 led to enhanced immunity against M.oryzae and Xoo,improved expression of pathogen-induced immunity-associated genes,and strengthened pattern-triggered immunity(PTI),while overexpression of OsEHD1 resulted in opposite phenotypes.Additionally,OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 interacted with three SUMO proteins,OsSUMO3,OsSUMO5,or OsSUMO6,with SUMOylation sites in OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 being critical for these interactions.OsSUMO6 enhanced the stability of OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 to promote their negative immune regulation,whereas OsBBI1 reversed these negative immune functions.This study delineates a regulatory network of OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 proteins in rice immunity,highlighting the balance between OssBBI1-mediated ubiquitination and SUMOylation.展开更多
It is important to investigate whether combining two modification strategies has a synergistic effect on the activity of photocatalysts.In this manuscript,Fe-doped BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunctions were synthesized b...It is important to investigate whether combining two modification strategies has a synergistic effect on the activity of photocatalysts.In this manuscript,Fe-doped BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunctions were synthesized by a one-pot solvothermal method,and excellent photocatalytic performance was obtained for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)in water without the addition of surfactant.Combining experiments and characterization,the synergistic effect between Fe ion doping and the BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction was elucidated.The Fe/BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) composite photocatalyst had a beneficial void structure,enhanced visible light response,and could inhibit the recombination of photogenerated support well,which improved the photocatalytic activity.The presented experiments demonstrate that Fe/BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) removes 97% of TCH from aqueous solution,while pure BiOBr and Bi_(2)WO_(6) only remove 56% and 65% of TCH,respectively.Finally,the separation and transfer mechanisms of photoexcited carriers were determined in conjunction with the experimental results.This study provides a new direction for the design of efficient photocatalysts through the use of a dual co-modification strategy.展开更多
To defend against pathogen attacks,plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system comprising pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Upon recognizing ...To defend against pathogen attacks,plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system comprising pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Upon recognizing invading pathogens,plant cells rapidly initiate a series of immune signaling events,including a burst of reactive oxygen species(ROS),activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades,calcium flux,phytohormone signaling,and post-translational modifications(PTMs)of target proteins.Since immunity activation is energetically costly and often associated with growth,development.展开更多
To defend against pathogens,plants employ a two-tiered innate immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Additionally,plants possess a systemic inducible immune system...To defend against pathogens,plants employ a two-tiered innate immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Additionally,plants possess a systemic inducible immune system,including systemic acquired resistance(SAR),a defense mechanism activated by local infection to protect the plant against multiple pathogens.These immune responses are precisely regulated by complex,interconnected signaling pathways,some of which share conserved signaling events and components.展开更多
NAC transcription factors(TFs) play critical roles in plant immunity by modulating the expression of downstream genes via binding to specific cis-elements in promoters. Here, we report the function and regulatory netw...NAC transcription factors(TFs) play critical roles in plant immunity by modulating the expression of downstream genes via binding to specific cis-elements in promoters. Here, we report the function and regulatory network of a pathogenand defense phytohormone-inducible NAC TF gene, ONAC083, in rice(Oryza sativa) immunity.ONAC083 localizes to the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity that depends on its C-terminal region. Knockout of ONAC083enhances rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae, strengthening pathogen-induced defense responses, and boosting chitin-induced pattern-triggered immunity(PTI), whereas ONAC083 overexpression has opposite effects. We identified ONAC083-binding sites in the promoters of 82genes, and showed that ONAC083 specifically binds to a conserved element with the core sequence ACGCAA. ONAC083 activated the transcription of the genes OsRFPH2-6, OsTrx1, and OsPUP4 by directly binding to the ACGCAA element. OsRFPH2-6, encoding a RING-H2 protein with an N-terminal transmembrane region and a C-terminal typical RING domain, negatively regulated rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin-triggered PTI. These data demonstrate that ONAC083 negatively contributes to rice immunity against M. oryzae by directly activating the transcription of OsRFPH2-6 through the ACGCAA element in its promoter. Overall, our study provides new insight into the molecular regulatory network of NAC TFs in rice immunity.展开更多
Sphingolipids, including sphingosine-l-phosphate （SIP）, have been shown to function as signaling mediators to regulate diverse aspects of plant growth, development, and stress response. In this study, we performed f...Sphingolipids, including sphingosine-l-phosphate （SIP）, have been shown to function as signaling mediators to regulate diverse aspects of plant growth, development, and stress response. In this study, we performed functional analysis of a rice （Oryza sativa） SlP lyase gene OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco plants and explored its possible involvement in abiotic stress response. Overexpression of OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco resulted in enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid （ABA）, and decreased tolerance to salt and oxidative stress, when compared with the wild type. Furthermore, the expression levels of some selected stress-related genes in OsSPLl-overexpressing plants were reduced after application of salt or oxidative stress, indicating that the altered responsiveness of stress-related genes may be responsible for the reduced tolerance in OsSPLl.overexpressing tobacco plants under salt and oxidative stress. Our results suggest that rice OsSPL1 plays an important role in abiotic stress responses.展开更多
Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity,with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process.Here,we report the functions of OsATL32,a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis...Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity,with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process.Here,we report the functions of OsATL32,a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura(ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase,in rice(Oryza sativa)immunity and its associated regulatory network.We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M.oryzae strain or to chitin treatment.OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases,as well as chitin-triggered immunity.Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS-producing OsRac5–OsRbohB module,which enhances rice immunity against M.oryzae.The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation,preventing its negative effect on rice immunity.This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS-producing module to undermine rice immunity.展开更多
To combat pathogen attacks, plants have developed a highly advanced immune system, which requires tight regulation to initiate robust defense responses while simultaneously preventing autoimmunity. The ubiquitin-prote...To combat pathogen attacks, plants have developed a highly advanced immune system, which requires tight regulation to initiate robust defense responses while simultaneously preventing autoimmunity. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for degrading excess or misfolded proteins, has vital roles in ensuring strong and effective immune responses. E3 ligases, as key UPS components, play extensively documented roles in rice immunity by modulating the ubiquitination and degradation of downstream substrates involved in various immune signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the crucial roles of rice E3 ligases in both pathogen/microbe/damage-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity, highlight the molecular mechanisms by which E3 ligases function in rice immune signaling, and emphasize the functions of E3 ligases as targets of pathogen effectors for pathogenesis. We also discuss potential strategies for application of immunity-associated E3 ligases in breeding of disease-resistant rice varieties without growth penalty. This review provides a comprehensive and updated understanding of the sophisticated and interconnected regulatory functions of E3 ligases in rice immunity and in balancing immunity with growth and development.展开更多
NAC transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in plant immunity against diverse pathogens.Here,we report the functional and regulatory network of MNAC3,a novel NAC TF,in rice immunity.MNAC3,a transcriptional activator,neg...NAC transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in plant immunity against diverse pathogens.Here,we report the functional and regulatory network of MNAC3,a novel NAC TF,in rice immunity.MNAC3,a transcriptional activator,negatively modulates rice immunity against blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases and pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immune responses.MNAC3 binds to a CACG cis-element and activates the transcription of immune-negative target genes OsINO80,OsJAZ10,and OsJAZ11.The negative function of MNAC3 in rice immunity depends on its transcription of downstream genes such as OsINO80 and OsJAZ10.MNAC3 interacts with immunity-related OsPP2C41(a protein phosphatase),ONAC066(a NAC TF),and OsDjA6(a DnaJ chaperone).ONAC066 and OsPP2C41 attenuate MNAC3 transcriptional activity,while OsDjA6 promotes it.Phosphorylation of MNAC3 at S163 is critical for its negative functions in rice immunity.OsPP2C41,which plays positive roles in rice blast resistance and chitin-triggered immune responses,dephosphorylates MNAC3,suppressing its transcriptional activity on the target genes OsINO80,OsJAZ10,and OsJAZ11 and promoting the translocation of MNAC3 from nucleus to cytoplasm.These results establish a MNAC3-centered regulatory network in which OsPP2C41 dephosphorylates MNAC3,attenuating its transcriptional activity on downstream immune-negative target genes in rice.Together,these findings deepen our understanding of molecular mechanisms in rice immunity and offer a novel strategy for genetic improvement of rice disease resistance.展开更多
The NAC(NAM,ATAF and CUC)family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor(TF)families.Members of this family are implicated in plant growth,development and stress responses.Recent functional studies de...The NAC(NAM,ATAF and CUC)family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor(TF)families.Members of this family are implicated in plant growth,development and stress responses.Recent functional studies demonstrate that a number of NAC TFs function as positive or negative regulators of plant immunity to biotrophic,hemibiotrophic or necotrophic pathogens,as modulators of the hypersensitive responses and stomatal immunity or as virulence targets of pathogen effectors.They affect plant immunity through their regulatory impact on signaling of plant hormones,which in turn are key players in plant immune responses.This review summarizes current knowledge and recent progress in our understanding of the biological functions of NAC TFs in plant immunity and discusses perspectives and directions for further study to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of NAC TF functions in immunity and potential application in improvement of crop disease resistance.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072403 and 31871945)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100600).
文摘The RING-type E3 ligase OsBBI1 regulates rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae through modifying cell wall defenses.In this study,we report the function of an OsBBI1 substrate,eukaryotic translation initiation factor OseIF5A4,in rice immunity.OsBBI1 interacts with OseIF5A4 and other four members of the OseIF5A family.The RING domain in OsBBI1 and the eIF-5a domain in OseIF5A4 are critical for the OsBBI1-OseIF5A4 interaction.OsBBI1 ubiquitinates OseIF5A4 and mediates its degradation in vitro and in vivo.Moreover,the expression of OseIF5A4 was upregulated during early stage of compatible interaction but downregulated in incompatible interaction between rice and M.oryzae.Knockout of OseIF5A4 enhances rice immunity against M.oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,boosts pattern-triggered immune responses,and strengthens pathogen-induced defense responses(e.g.,expression of defense genes,accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reinforcement of cell wall).However,overexpression of OseIF5A4 attenuates rice immunity and immune responses.These results demonstrate that OseIF5A4,a substrate of the immunity-associated E3 ligase OsBBI1,negatively regulates rice immunity against M.oryzae and X.oryzae pv.oryzae through modulating pathogen-induced defense responses,highlighting the importance of the protein translational machinery in rice immunity.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072403 and 31871945 to Fengming Song,and 32160455 to Yayun Yang)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20232353 to Yan Bi)the Opening Fund of Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology to Yan Bi and Yayun Yang.
文摘Posttranslational modifications(PTMs)are essential regulatory mechanisms that play a critical role in plant immunity.Previously,we demonstrated that OsBBI1,a RING finger type E3 ligase,contributes to rice resistance against blast disease.In this study,we identified two Eps15 homology domain(EHD)-containing proteins,OsEHD1 and OsEHD2,as substrates of OsBBI1 and investigated their roles in rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).We found that OsBBI1 ubiquitinated and promoted the degradation of OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 via ubiquitin/26S proteasome system(UPS)pathway.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 led to enhanced immunity against M.oryzae and Xoo,improved expression of pathogen-induced immunity-associated genes,and strengthened pattern-triggered immunity(PTI),while overexpression of OsEHD1 resulted in opposite phenotypes.Additionally,OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 interacted with three SUMO proteins,OsSUMO3,OsSUMO5,or OsSUMO6,with SUMOylation sites in OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 being critical for these interactions.OsSUMO6 enhanced the stability of OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 to promote their negative immune regulation,whereas OsBBI1 reversed these negative immune functions.This study delineates a regulatory network of OsEHD1 and OsEHD2 proteins in rice immunity,highlighting the balance between OssBBI1-mediated ubiquitination and SUMOylation.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2021JJ30728 and 2019JJ50672)the Scientific Research Projects of Ecology and Environment Department of Hunan(No.HBKT-2021012)the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(Nos.XSKJ2022068-03 and XSKJ2019081-46)are highly appreciated。
文摘It is important to investigate whether combining two modification strategies has a synergistic effect on the activity of photocatalysts.In this manuscript,Fe-doped BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunctions were synthesized by a one-pot solvothermal method,and excellent photocatalytic performance was obtained for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)in water without the addition of surfactant.Combining experiments and characterization,the synergistic effect between Fe ion doping and the BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction was elucidated.The Fe/BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) composite photocatalyst had a beneficial void structure,enhanced visible light response,and could inhibit the recombination of photogenerated support well,which improved the photocatalytic activity.The presented experiments demonstrate that Fe/BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) removes 97% of TCH from aqueous solution,while pure BiOBr and Bi_(2)WO_(6) only remove 56% and 65% of TCH,respectively.Finally,the separation and transfer mechanisms of photoexcited carriers were determined in conjunction with the experimental results.This study provides a new direction for the design of efficient photocatalysts through the use of a dual co-modification strategy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072403 and No.31871945)for financial support。
文摘To defend against pathogen attacks,plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system comprising pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Upon recognizing invading pathogens,plant cells rapidly initiate a series of immune signaling events,including a burst of reactive oxygen species(ROS),activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades,calcium flux,phytohormone signaling,and post-translational modifications(PTMs)of target proteins.Since immunity activation is energetically costly and often associated with growth,development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32072403 to F.S.)the China Agriculture Research System of the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(no.CARS-25 to F.S.)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(no.GZC20232353 to Y.B.).
文摘To defend against pathogens,plants employ a two-tiered innate immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Additionally,plants possess a systemic inducible immune system,including systemic acquired resistance(SAR),a defense mechanism activated by local infection to protect the plant against multiple pathogens.These immune responses are precisely regulated by complex,interconnected signaling pathways,some of which share conserved signaling events and components.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871945, 32072403)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100600)。
文摘NAC transcription factors(TFs) play critical roles in plant immunity by modulating the expression of downstream genes via binding to specific cis-elements in promoters. Here, we report the function and regulatory network of a pathogenand defense phytohormone-inducible NAC TF gene, ONAC083, in rice(Oryza sativa) immunity.ONAC083 localizes to the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity that depends on its C-terminal region. Knockout of ONAC083enhances rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae, strengthening pathogen-induced defense responses, and boosting chitin-induced pattern-triggered immunity(PTI), whereas ONAC083 overexpression has opposite effects. We identified ONAC083-binding sites in the promoters of 82genes, and showed that ONAC083 specifically binds to a conserved element with the core sequence ACGCAA. ONAC083 activated the transcription of the genes OsRFPH2-6, OsTrx1, and OsPUP4 by directly binding to the ACGCAA element. OsRFPH2-6, encoding a RING-H2 protein with an N-terminal transmembrane region and a C-terminal typical RING domain, negatively regulated rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin-triggered PTI. These data demonstrate that ONAC083 negatively contributes to rice immunity against M. oryzae by directly activating the transcription of OsRFPH2-6 through the ACGCAA element in its promoter. Overall, our study provides new insight into the molecular regulatory network of NAC TFs in rice immunity.
基金supported by the National Key Project for Research on Transgenic Plants (2009ZX08001-017B and 2011ZX08009-003-001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30971880)+1 种基金the National High-tech R&D Program of China (No. 2 012AA101504)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the University of the Ministry of Education of China (No. IRT0943)
文摘Sphingolipids, including sphingosine-l-phosphate （SIP）, have been shown to function as signaling mediators to regulate diverse aspects of plant growth, development, and stress response. In this study, we performed functional analysis of a rice （Oryza sativa） SlP lyase gene OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco plants and explored its possible involvement in abiotic stress response. Overexpression of OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco resulted in enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid （ABA）, and decreased tolerance to salt and oxidative stress, when compared with the wild type. Furthermore, the expression levels of some selected stress-related genes in OsSPLl-overexpressing plants were reduced after application of salt or oxidative stress, indicating that the altered responsiveness of stress-related genes may be responsible for the reduced tolerance in OsSPLl.overexpressing tobacco plants under salt and oxidative stress. Our results suggest that rice OsSPL1 plays an important role in abiotic stress responses.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072403 and 31871945)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100600).
文摘Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity,with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process.Here,we report the functions of OsATL32,a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura(ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase,in rice(Oryza sativa)immunity and its associated regulatory network.We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M.oryzae strain or to chitin treatment.OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases,as well as chitin-triggered immunity.Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS-producing OsRac5–OsRbohB module,which enhances rice immunity against M.oryzae.The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation,preventing its negative effect on rice immunity.This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS-producing module to undermine rice immunity.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32072403 and no.31871945).
文摘To combat pathogen attacks, plants have developed a highly advanced immune system, which requires tight regulation to initiate robust defense responses while simultaneously preventing autoimmunity. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for degrading excess or misfolded proteins, has vital roles in ensuring strong and effective immune responses. E3 ligases, as key UPS components, play extensively documented roles in rice immunity by modulating the ubiquitination and degradation of downstream substrates involved in various immune signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the crucial roles of rice E3 ligases in both pathogen/microbe/damage-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity, highlight the molecular mechanisms by which E3 ligases function in rice immune signaling, and emphasize the functions of E3 ligases as targets of pathogen effectors for pathogenesis. We also discuss potential strategies for application of immunity-associated E3 ligases in breeding of disease-resistant rice varieties without growth penalty. This review provides a comprehensive and updated understanding of the sophisticated and interconnected regulatory functions of E3 ligases in rice immunity and in balancing immunity with growth and development.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072403,31871945)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100600).
文摘NAC transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in plant immunity against diverse pathogens.Here,we report the functional and regulatory network of MNAC3,a novel NAC TF,in rice immunity.MNAC3,a transcriptional activator,negatively modulates rice immunity against blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases and pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immune responses.MNAC3 binds to a CACG cis-element and activates the transcription of immune-negative target genes OsINO80,OsJAZ10,and OsJAZ11.The negative function of MNAC3 in rice immunity depends on its transcription of downstream genes such as OsINO80 and OsJAZ10.MNAC3 interacts with immunity-related OsPP2C41(a protein phosphatase),ONAC066(a NAC TF),and OsDjA6(a DnaJ chaperone).ONAC066 and OsPP2C41 attenuate MNAC3 transcriptional activity,while OsDjA6 promotes it.Phosphorylation of MNAC3 at S163 is critical for its negative functions in rice immunity.OsPP2C41,which plays positive roles in rice blast resistance and chitin-triggered immune responses,dephosphorylates MNAC3,suppressing its transcriptional activity on the target genes OsINO80,OsJAZ10,and OsJAZ11 and promoting the translocation of MNAC3 from nucleus to cytoplasm.These results establish a MNAC3-centered regulatory network in which OsPP2C41 dephosphorylates MNAC3,attenuating its transcriptional activity on downstream immune-negative target genes in rice.Together,these findings deepen our understanding of molecular mechanisms in rice immunity and offer a novel strategy for genetic improvement of rice disease resistance.
基金Study in the corresponding author’s lab was supported by the National Key ResearchDevelopment Program of China(No.2016YFD0100600)by the Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(CARS-26-11).
文摘The NAC(NAM,ATAF and CUC)family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor(TF)families.Members of this family are implicated in plant growth,development and stress responses.Recent functional studies demonstrate that a number of NAC TFs function as positive or negative regulators of plant immunity to biotrophic,hemibiotrophic or necotrophic pathogens,as modulators of the hypersensitive responses and stomatal immunity or as virulence targets of pathogen effectors.They affect plant immunity through their regulatory impact on signaling of plant hormones,which in turn are key players in plant immune responses.This review summarizes current knowledge and recent progress in our understanding of the biological functions of NAC TFs in plant immunity and discusses perspectives and directions for further study to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of NAC TF functions in immunity and potential application in improvement of crop disease resistance.
