The important agronomic traits of seed size and seed oil content in oilseed rape were af-fected by maternal effect. The maternal tissue endosperm, generated by fertilization of the diploid central cell in the female ...The important agronomic traits of seed size and seed oil content in oilseed rape were af-fected by maternal effect. The maternal tissue endosperm, generated by fertilization of the diploid central cell in the female gametophyte, is essential for embryo and seed development. Imprinting is primarily re-stricted to the endosperm of flowering plants and is associated with differential DNA methylation of paren-tal alleles. Therefore, it is necessary to find out whether the endosperm influences these traits. If so, whether DNA methylation participated in these processes？ To answer these questions, isolation of pure liquid endosperm qualified for extraction genomic DNA and RNA was the prerequisite. However, it was not easy to conduct this isolation due to endosperm is encapsulated by tiny seed coat and it adjoins to de-veloping embryo. This research adopted a procedure for isolation pure lipid endosperm from 25DAF （days after flowering） ovules of Brassica napus and improved procedure for subsequent DNA extraction. With the optimized procedures, we successfully extracted genomic DNA of liquid endosperm from 500 mg o-vules with high concentration （ ≥2. 5μg/μl, 200μl） and high purity, which were proved by the subse-quent analysis.展开更多
The well-accepted Euarchonta grandorder is a pruned version of Archonta nested within the Euarchontoglires(or Supraprimates)clade.At present,it includes tree shrews(Scandentia),flying lemurs(Dermoptera)and primates(Pr...The well-accepted Euarchonta grandorder is a pruned version of Archonta nested within the Euarchontoglires(or Supraprimates)clade.At present,it includes tree shrews(Scandentia),flying lemurs(Dermoptera)and primates(Primates).Here,a phylogenomic dataset containing 1912 exons from 22 representative mammals was compiled to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within this group.Phylogenetic analyses and hypothesis testing suggested that tree shrews can be classified as a sister group to Primates or to Glires or even as a basal clade within Euarchontoglires.Further analyses of both modified and original previously published datasets found that the phylogenetic position of tree shrews is unstable.We also found that two of three exonic indels reported as synapomorphies of Euarchonta in a previous study do not unambiguously support the monophyly of such a clade.Therefore,the monophyly of both Euarchonta and Sundatheria(Dermoptera+Scandentia)are suspect.Molecular dating and divergence rate analyses suggested that the ancestor of Euarchontoglires experienced a rapid divergence,which may cause the unresolved position of tree shrews even using the whole genomic data.展开更多
Thermoelectric(TE)devices can realize the conversion of heat energy and electrical power based on Seebeck effect and Peltier effect.Among them,flexible TE devices have received more attention recently due to their bet...Thermoelectric(TE)devices can realize the conversion of heat energy and electrical power based on Seebeck effect and Peltier effect.Among them,flexible TE devices have received more attention recently due to their better attachment to various heat sources and aimed components with arbitrary shapes.To improve the performance of flexible TE devices for various application scenarios,large efforts have been made to design the leg patterns,the electrical and thermal contact issues,and the substrate and encapsulation materials for the decrease of heat loss.This paper is to review the advancements about the design of flexible inorganic TE devices over the last decade.Firstly,the design of flexible thin-film TE devices based on the direction of temperature gradient,including the patterns of TE legs,the fabrication methods,and the flexible substrate materials is summarized.Secondly,the design of wearable TE devices that contains common architecture of the module,the substrates and encapsulations,the electrical and thermal contact,and some thin-film based wearable devices with curving TE legs is demonstrated.Thirdly,the characterizations of the flexibility of TE devices and the current applications are outlined.Moreover,some views about the future development for TE devices are proposed.展开更多
文摘The important agronomic traits of seed size and seed oil content in oilseed rape were af-fected by maternal effect. The maternal tissue endosperm, generated by fertilization of the diploid central cell in the female gametophyte, is essential for embryo and seed development. Imprinting is primarily re-stricted to the endosperm of flowering plants and is associated with differential DNA methylation of paren-tal alleles. Therefore, it is necessary to find out whether the endosperm influences these traits. If so, whether DNA methylation participated in these processes？ To answer these questions, isolation of pure liquid endosperm qualified for extraction genomic DNA and RNA was the prerequisite. However, it was not easy to conduct this isolation due to endosperm is encapsulated by tiny seed coat and it adjoins to de-veloping embryo. This research adopted a procedure for isolation pure lipid endosperm from 25DAF （days after flowering） ovules of Brassica napus and improved procedure for subsequent DNA extraction. With the optimized procedures, we successfully extracted genomic DNA of liquid endosperm from 500 mg o-vules with high concentration （ ≥2. 5μg/μl, 200μl） and high purity, which were proved by the subse-quent analysis.
基金We thank Tingting Zhang for her suggestion in the discussion and Dr Junxiao Xu for his help with computer language.We thank Professor Liang Liu at Delaware State University for his help in species tree reconstruction.We also sincerely appreciate the thoughtful and constructive comments from Szucsich Nikolaus and the other anonymous reviewer.This research was supported by the major project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China(07KJA18016)(to G.Y.)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2013BAD03B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31270420)(to M.L.).
文摘The well-accepted Euarchonta grandorder is a pruned version of Archonta nested within the Euarchontoglires(or Supraprimates)clade.At present,it includes tree shrews(Scandentia),flying lemurs(Dermoptera)and primates(Primates).Here,a phylogenomic dataset containing 1912 exons from 22 representative mammals was compiled to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within this group.Phylogenetic analyses and hypothesis testing suggested that tree shrews can be classified as a sister group to Primates or to Glires or even as a basal clade within Euarchontoglires.Further analyses of both modified and original previously published datasets found that the phylogenetic position of tree shrews is unstable.We also found that two of three exonic indels reported as synapomorphies of Euarchonta in a previous study do not unambiguously support the monophyly of such a clade.Therefore,the monophyly of both Euarchonta and Sundatheria(Dermoptera+Scandentia)are suspect.Molecular dating and divergence rate analyses suggested that the ancestor of Euarchontoglires experienced a rapid divergence,which may cause the unresolved position of tree shrews even using the whole genomic data.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB932600)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0208000)+7 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21525523,21802130,21874121,21722507 and 21574048)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2014CB931801 and 2016YFA0200700,Z.Y.T.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21475029 and 91427302,Z.Y.T.)Frontier Science Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH038,Z.Y.T.)Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YZ201311,Z.Y.T.)CAS-CSIRO Cooperative Research Program(No.GJHZ1503,Z.Y.T.)“Strategic Priority Research Program”of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA09040100,Z.Y.T.)K.C.Wong Education Foundation,and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(No.CUG170669).
文摘Thermoelectric(TE)devices can realize the conversion of heat energy and electrical power based on Seebeck effect and Peltier effect.Among them,flexible TE devices have received more attention recently due to their better attachment to various heat sources and aimed components with arbitrary shapes.To improve the performance of flexible TE devices for various application scenarios,large efforts have been made to design the leg patterns,the electrical and thermal contact issues,and the substrate and encapsulation materials for the decrease of heat loss.This paper is to review the advancements about the design of flexible inorganic TE devices over the last decade.Firstly,the design of flexible thin-film TE devices based on the direction of temperature gradient,including the patterns of TE legs,the fabrication methods,and the flexible substrate materials is summarized.Secondly,the design of wearable TE devices that contains common architecture of the module,the substrates and encapsulations,the electrical and thermal contact,and some thin-film based wearable devices with curving TE legs is demonstrated.Thirdly,the characterizations of the flexibility of TE devices and the current applications are outlined.Moreover,some views about the future development for TE devices are proposed.
