This study systematically evaluated the spatial distribution,health risks,and regulation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in global drinking water using the PubMed and Web of Science databases(January 1,2000...This study systematically evaluated the spatial distribution,health risks,and regulation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in global drinking water using the PubMed and Web of Science databases(January 1,2000 to February 25,2025).Among the 122 studies reviewed,perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)received the greatest research attention(detected in 102 and 100 studies,respectively)and showed the highest detection rates(64.69%and 60.72%,respectively).Several other compounds,including perfluorooctane sulfonamide,perfluorobutanesulfonamide,and perfluoropropane sulfonate,also exhibited high detection rates but remain underregulated,underscoring the need for further research and regulatory oversight.The three countries with the highest concentrations of were the Republic of Korea,the United States,and China.Risk assessments indicated that perfluorohexanoic acid,perfluorobutanoic acid,and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid posed negligible health risks,while perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS),PFOA,PFOS,and perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA)showed descending levels of health risk(PFHxS>PFOA>PFOS>PFNA).Regulatory approaches are shifting from compound-specific standards to integrated mixture-based frameworks,reinforced by progressively stringent limits.展开更多
Introduction:Shijiazhuang is one of the most polluted cities in China,but few studies have investigated the acute impact of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))on mortality in this city.We assessed associations between P...Introduction:Shijiazhuang is one of the most polluted cities in China,but few studies have investigated the acute impact of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))on mortality in this city.We assessed associations between PM_(2.5)and cause-specific mortality during 2015 to 2020.Methods:We obtained air quality data from Shijiazhuang Ecology and Environment Bureau,meteorological data from Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau,and mortality data from Shijiazhuang CDC’s Cause of Death Reporting System for our analyses.We used a quasi-Poisson regression generalized additive model to assess excess risk of death for a single time-lag and for moving average time-lags of 0–7 days,stratifying by year,sex,age,and education.Results:There were 76,859 non-accidental deaths recorded in Shijiazhuang during the study period.The daily concentration of PM_(2.5)ranged from 6.3μg/m^(3)to 625.3μg/m^(3),and the annual mean concentration was 77.6μg/m^(3).Regression analysis showed that an increment of PM_(2.5)of 10μg/m^(3)in a two-day average concentration(lag01)was associated with 0.47%[95%Confidence Interval(CI):0.24%,0.70%],0.49%(95%CI:0.19%,0.79%),and 0.72%(95%CI:0.22%,1.23%)increases in non-accidental deaths,cardiovascular disease deaths,and respiratory disease deaths,respectively.With reduction of PM_(2.5)concentration,impact of PM_(2.5)on respiratory disease deaths decreased,but the impact of PM_(2.5)on total nonaccidental deaths and circulatory disease deaths did not change significantly.Conclusion:Although PM_(2.5)has been greatly reduced in recent years,PM_(2.5)pollution is still serious in Shijiazhuang.PM_(2.5)was significantly associated with non-accidental death,cardiovascular disease death,and respiratory disease death.As PM_(2.5)concentrations decreased,risk of death from respiratory diseases also decreased.展开更多
基金supported by the School of Public Health,Shanxi Medical University“233”Cooperation Project(No.2024002 to Y.W.)the Medical Scientific Research Project Plan of Hebei Province(No.20260935 to J.M.).
文摘This study systematically evaluated the spatial distribution,health risks,and regulation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in global drinking water using the PubMed and Web of Science databases(January 1,2000 to February 25,2025).Among the 122 studies reviewed,perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)received the greatest research attention(detected in 102 and 100 studies,respectively)and showed the highest detection rates(64.69%and 60.72%,respectively).Several other compounds,including perfluorooctane sulfonamide,perfluorobutanesulfonamide,and perfluoropropane sulfonate,also exhibited high detection rates but remain underregulated,underscoring the need for further research and regulatory oversight.The three countries with the highest concentrations of were the Republic of Korea,the United States,and China.Risk assessments indicated that perfluorohexanoic acid,perfluorobutanoic acid,and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid posed negligible health risks,while perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS),PFOA,PFOS,and perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA)showed descending levels of health risk(PFHxS>PFOA>PFOS>PFNA).Regulatory approaches are shifting from compound-specific standards to integrated mixture-based frameworks,reinforced by progressively stringent limits.
文摘Introduction:Shijiazhuang is one of the most polluted cities in China,but few studies have investigated the acute impact of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))on mortality in this city.We assessed associations between PM_(2.5)and cause-specific mortality during 2015 to 2020.Methods:We obtained air quality data from Shijiazhuang Ecology and Environment Bureau,meteorological data from Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau,and mortality data from Shijiazhuang CDC’s Cause of Death Reporting System for our analyses.We used a quasi-Poisson regression generalized additive model to assess excess risk of death for a single time-lag and for moving average time-lags of 0–7 days,stratifying by year,sex,age,and education.Results:There were 76,859 non-accidental deaths recorded in Shijiazhuang during the study period.The daily concentration of PM_(2.5)ranged from 6.3μg/m^(3)to 625.3μg/m^(3),and the annual mean concentration was 77.6μg/m^(3).Regression analysis showed that an increment of PM_(2.5)of 10μg/m^(3)in a two-day average concentration(lag01)was associated with 0.47%[95%Confidence Interval(CI):0.24%,0.70%],0.49%(95%CI:0.19%,0.79%),and 0.72%(95%CI:0.22%,1.23%)increases in non-accidental deaths,cardiovascular disease deaths,and respiratory disease deaths,respectively.With reduction of PM_(2.5)concentration,impact of PM_(2.5)on respiratory disease deaths decreased,but the impact of PM_(2.5)on total nonaccidental deaths and circulatory disease deaths did not change significantly.Conclusion:Although PM_(2.5)has been greatly reduced in recent years,PM_(2.5)pollution is still serious in Shijiazhuang.PM_(2.5)was significantly associated with non-accidental death,cardiovascular disease death,and respiratory disease death.As PM_(2.5)concentrations decreased,risk of death from respiratory diseases also decreased.
