Introduction:The incidence of bacillary dysentery(BD)has declined significantly in China,yet BD outbreaks persist across multiple regions.This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of BD outbreaks nation...Introduction:The incidence of bacillary dysentery(BD)has declined significantly in China,yet BD outbreaks persist across multiple regions.This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of BD outbreaks nationwide and proposes targeted interventions for outbreak prevention and control.Methods:This study obtained BD outbreak data from the Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System in China for descriptive epidemiological analysis and employed unconditional logistic regression to identify factors influencing outbreak magnitude.Results:During 2008–2024,China reported 176 BD outbreaks involving 9,854 cases and four deaths.The median attack rate and interquartile range for outbreaks were 5.99%(2.53%,13.32%).Annual outbreak reports decreased throughout the study period,with no outbreaks documented in 2023 and 2024.Among all outbreaks,75.6%occurred in rural areas,and 76.7%were reported in schools.Most outbreaks occurred during September or October(52.3%).Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri were the predominant outbreak pathogens;the principal transmission routes were waterborne(47.7%)and foodborne(23.9%).Median and interquartile ranges for response times and case counts were 3(2,6)days and 44(25,71)cases,respectively.Factors associated with larger outbreak size included S.sonnei as the causative pathogen,waterborne transmission,and outbreak duration of eight days or longer.Conclusions:In China,BD outbreak frequency has decreased substantially.September and October represent high-risk months,with schools serving as the primary outbreak setting during the back-to-school season.Strengthening BD prevention and control in educational institutions,with particular attention to water and food hygiene,remains essential for outbreak prevention.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Public health laboratories(PHLs)are critical for effectively identifying,detecting,preventing,and responding to emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.Following the ...Summary What is already known about this topic?Public health laboratories(PHLs)are critical for effectively identifying,detecting,preventing,and responding to emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.Following the 2014 Ebola outbreak,Sierra Leone implemented a national laboratory strategic plan(2015–2020)aimed at creating,strengthening,and maintaining laboratory capacities for detecting,assessing,notifying,and reporting incidents,with a requirement to review PHL capabilities every five years.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Enterovirus 71(EV-A71)is the main causative pathogen for severe and fatal patients with Hand,Foot,and Mouth Disease(HFMD)in China's Mainland from 2008 to 2017.Non-EV-A71 and ...What is already known about this topic?Enterovirus 71(EV-A71)is the main causative pathogen for severe and fatal patients with Hand,Foot,and Mouth Disease(HFMD)in China's Mainland from 2008 to 2017.Non-EV-A71 and non-CV-A16(other enterovirus)serotypes were the major causativeserotypes for mild HFMD in years of 2013,2015,and 2017.What is added by this report?In 2018,other enterovirus serotypes replaced EV-A71 for the first time as the major cause of severe HFMD with a proportion of 70.7%.However,at the national level,only a small proportion of the other enterovirus serotypes were further identified as CV-A6 and CVA10.What are the limitations for public health practice?Further identification of other enterovirus serotypes is highly recommended for provincial CDCs,especially for severe HFMD.Studies contributing to a multivalent vaccine for HFMD should be prioritized.展开更多
BACKGROUND Since the release of Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19(Edition 7),coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)control and prevention has been facing new challenges in China with evolving domestic and gl...BACKGROUND Since the release of Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19(Edition 7),coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)control and prevention has been facing new challenges in China with evolving domestic and global epidemiological situations.Since September 2020,China has experienced more than 20 local outbreak waves,all of which were able to be contained within a few weeks.展开更多
After coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),previously known as pneumonia of unknown etiology(PUE)and 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV),was first discovered in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,the Chinese government took measur...After coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),previously known as pneumonia of unknown etiology(PUE)and 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV),was first discovered in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,the Chinese government took measures to stop the spread of the epidemic nationwide and interrupted local transmission in China(1–2).Although there have been several localized outbreaks that were caused by overseas importation of the virus—including Heilongjiang,Jilin,Beijing,Liaoning,and other provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)—these outbreaks have been stopped within two to four weeks and were limited in scope to less than ten cases or a few hundred cases for each event.With the COVID-19 pandemic still uncontrolled globally,the threat of importing the virus continues unabated and still threatens China’s population,virtually all of which is susceptible.展开更多
文摘Introduction:The incidence of bacillary dysentery(BD)has declined significantly in China,yet BD outbreaks persist across multiple regions.This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of BD outbreaks nationwide and proposes targeted interventions for outbreak prevention and control.Methods:This study obtained BD outbreak data from the Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System in China for descriptive epidemiological analysis and employed unconditional logistic regression to identify factors influencing outbreak magnitude.Results:During 2008–2024,China reported 176 BD outbreaks involving 9,854 cases and four deaths.The median attack rate and interquartile range for outbreaks were 5.99%(2.53%,13.32%).Annual outbreak reports decreased throughout the study period,with no outbreaks documented in 2023 and 2024.Among all outbreaks,75.6%occurred in rural areas,and 76.7%were reported in schools.Most outbreaks occurred during September or October(52.3%).Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri were the predominant outbreak pathogens;the principal transmission routes were waterborne(47.7%)and foodborne(23.9%).Median and interquartile ranges for response times and case counts were 3(2,6)days and 44(25,71)cases,respectively.Factors associated with larger outbreak size included S.sonnei as the causative pathogen,waterborne transmission,and outbreak duration of eight days or longer.Conclusions:In China,BD outbreak frequency has decreased substantially.September and October represent high-risk months,with schools serving as the primary outbreak setting during the back-to-school season.Strengthening BD prevention and control in educational institutions,with particular attention to water and food hygiene,remains essential for outbreak prevention.
基金Supported by the pilot project on building capacity of malaria molecular lab epidemiology network in Sierra Leone(INV-003421)and Peking University School of Public Health.The funders had no role in data collection or reporting.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Public health laboratories(PHLs)are critical for effectively identifying,detecting,preventing,and responding to emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.Following the 2014 Ebola outbreak,Sierra Leone implemented a national laboratory strategic plan(2015–2020)aimed at creating,strengthening,and maintaining laboratory capacities for detecting,assessing,notifying,and reporting incidents,with a requirement to review PHL capabilities every five years.
文摘What is already known about this topic?Enterovirus 71(EV-A71)is the main causative pathogen for severe and fatal patients with Hand,Foot,and Mouth Disease(HFMD)in China's Mainland from 2008 to 2017.Non-EV-A71 and non-CV-A16(other enterovirus)serotypes were the major causativeserotypes for mild HFMD in years of 2013,2015,and 2017.What is added by this report?In 2018,other enterovirus serotypes replaced EV-A71 for the first time as the major cause of severe HFMD with a proportion of 70.7%.However,at the national level,only a small proportion of the other enterovirus serotypes were further identified as CV-A6 and CVA10.What are the limitations for public health practice?Further identification of other enterovirus serotypes is highly recommended for provincial CDCs,especially for severe HFMD.Studies contributing to a multivalent vaccine for HFMD should be prioritized.
文摘BACKGROUND Since the release of Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19(Edition 7),coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)control and prevention has been facing new challenges in China with evolving domestic and global epidemiological situations.Since September 2020,China has experienced more than 20 local outbreak waves,all of which were able to be contained within a few weeks.
基金by China Ministry of Science and Technology(grant no.2018ZX10713001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91846302).
文摘After coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),previously known as pneumonia of unknown etiology(PUE)and 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV),was first discovered in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,the Chinese government took measures to stop the spread of the epidemic nationwide and interrupted local transmission in China(1–2).Although there have been several localized outbreaks that were caused by overseas importation of the virus—including Heilongjiang,Jilin,Beijing,Liaoning,and other provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)—these outbreaks have been stopped within two to four weeks and were limited in scope to less than ten cases or a few hundred cases for each event.With the COVID-19 pandemic still uncontrolled globally,the threat of importing the virus continues unabated and still threatens China’s population,virtually all of which is susceptible.
