The inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is an important cause of neurological damage and repair.After cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,microglia are activated,and a large number of circulating infla...The inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is an important cause of neurological damage and repair.After cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,microglia are activated,and a large number of circulating inflammatory cells infiltrate the affected area.This leads to the secretion of inflammatory mediators and an inflammatory cascade that eventually causes secondary brain damage,including neuron necrosis,blood-brain barrier destruction,cerebral edema,and an oxidative stress response.Activation of inflammatory signaling pathways plays a key role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke.Increasing evidence suggests that acupuncture can reduce the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and promote repair of the injured nervous system.Acupuncture can not only inhibit the activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells,but can also regulate the expression of inflammation-related cytokines,balance the effects of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors,and interfere with inflammatory signaling pathways.Therefore,it is important to study the transmission and regulatory mechanism of inflammatory signaling pathways after acupuncture treatment for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of this type of injury using acupuncture.Our review summarizes the overall conditions of inflammatory cells,mediators,and pathways after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,and discusses the possible synergistic intervention of acupuncture in the inflammatory signaling pathway network to provide a foundation to explore the multiple molecular mechanisms by which acupuncture promotes nerve function restoration.展开更多
We established a stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat model by bilateral constriction of the renal artery with sliver loop clips. After ten weeks, middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 2 hours. The ra...We established a stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat model by bilateral constriction of the renal artery with sliver loop clips. After ten weeks, middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 2 hours. The rats then received electro-acupuncture at Baihui （DU 20） and Dazhui （DU 14） after onset of ischemia for 30 days. In situ hybridization study showed that electroacupuncture significantly reduced the number of neurocan mRNA-positive cells in the ischemic penumbra and hippocampal tissues of rats. Electron microscopy results demonstrated that the structure of neurons and blood vessels in the ischemic tissues were restored with electroacupuncture. Overall, these data suggest that electroacupuncture may protect neurons against ischemic reperfusion injury in stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats, which may be regulated by downregulation of expression of nerve inhibitory factor neurocan mRNA.展开更多
In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, aging is mainly thought renal deficiency caused renal failure, mainly involving decline of kidney-Yang and deficiency of kidney-essence. Huanshaodan, a Chinese traditiona...In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, aging is mainly thought renal deficiency caused renal failure, mainly involving decline of kidney-Yang and deficiency of kidney-essence. Huanshaodan, a Chinese traditional preparation for kidney-replenishing essence, was used to be the preparation for reinforcing renal deficiency and preventing aging for aged people. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Huanshaodan on swimming durance and the abilities of catalase （CAT） in serum and monoamine oxidase-B （MAO-B） in brain tissue as well as in vitro anti-oxidative ability of aging mouse. DESIGN： A controlled animal experiment. SETTING： College of Basic Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS： Fifty-four healthy NIH mice, aged 18 months old, of either gender, weighing （48.9±5.4） g, and one SD male rat, aged 16 months old, weighing 51.7 g, were provided by Animal Experimental Center, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Thirty NIH mice were randomly chosen for swimming test, and divided into experimental group and control group, with 15 in each; The other 24 NIH mice were used for enzyme activity assay, and also divided into experimental group and control group, with 12 in each. SD rat was used for in vitro anti-oxidative ability test, Huanshaodan water decoction was composed of Cheqianzi, Wuweizi, Huaishan, Danggui, Huangbai, Shudi, Baizhi, Niuxi, Baishen, Tusizi, Buguzhi, Roucongrong and Heshouwu 13 Chinese herbs. METHODS： This study was carried out in the Second Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in June 2006. Swimming and enzyme activity assay： Mice in the two experimental groups were intragastrically administrated with l0 μL/g Huanshaodan water decoction. Mice in the two control groups were intragastrically administrated with the same amount of normal saline. All the mice were intragastrically administrated for 5 days, and they were free to access to medicine in the other 2 days in a week. Each mouse was administrated for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Forty days after administration, mice in the experimental group and control group for swimming test were loaded at tails and allowed to swim in the water-tank. Swimming durance was recorded. ② Following the method of Chen Qi, the activities of CAT in serum and MAO-B in brain tissue as well as the inhibitory rate of each medicine on malonaldehyde （MDA） content in the in vitro rat hepatic tissue were determined; Meanwhile, the inhibitory rate of different doses of Tusizi liquid to MDA content in the rat hepatic tissue in vitro was also assayed. RESULTS： Fifty-four NIH mice and one SD rat were recruited in this experiment. Three mice died in the swimming test, and all the other animals were involved in the final analysis. ① Swimming durance of mice in the experimental group was significantly longer than that in the control group （ t =7.502, P 〈 0.01 ） . The activity of CAT in serum of mice in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group （ t =13.307, P 〈 0.01 ） . ② The activity of MAO-B in brain tissue of mice in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group （t =l3.27, P 〈 0.01 ） . ③The inhibitory rate of Cheqianzi, Wuweizi, Huaishan, Danggui, Huangbai, Shudi, Baizhi, Niuxi, Baishen, Tusizi, Buguzhi, Roucongrong and Heshouwu 13 Chinese herbs of Huanshaodan to MDA in the rat hepatic tissue in vitro was - 62.9, - 95.1, - 34.9, - 65.1, - 99.1, - 87.2, - 94.1, - 20.0, - 67.0, - 83.7, - 91.0, - 98.4, - 93.0, respectively. ④ The inhibitory rate of low to high dose of Tusizi liquid to MDA content in the rat hepatic tissue in vitro was - 3.41, - 18.1, - 26.6, - 83.7, respectively. CONCLUSION： Huanshaodan enhances swimming endurance, anti-oxygen free radical and anti-oxidativeabilities, and thus, it can delay aging.展开更多
Willow(Salix)is one of the most important ornamental tree species in landscape plants.One species,Salix matsudana,is widely used as a shade tree and border tree because of its soft branches and plump crown.Some variet...Willow(Salix)is one of the most important ornamental tree species in landscape plants.One species,Salix matsudana,is widely used as a shade tree and border tree because of its soft branches and plump crown.Some varieties of S.matsudana were salt tolerant and could grow normally in coastal regions.However,the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance for S.matsudana have been less clear.Here,we addressed this issue by performing a mapping experiment containing 195 intraspecific F1 progeny of S.matsudana,derived from salt-sensitive‘yanjiang’and salt-tolerant‘9901’,grown by cuttings in a 100 mM NaCl solution.Growth performance of these progeny under salt stress was investigated,displaying marked genotypic variability with the coefficients of variance of 28.64–86.11%in shoot and root growth traits.We further mapped specific QTLs contributing to these differences to the Salix genome.Of the 204 QTLs identified,a few were detected to explain a remarkably larger portion of the phenotypic variation than many others.Many detected QTLs were found to reside in the region of candidate genes of known biological function.The discovery of growth QTLs expressed under salt stress provides important information for marker-assisted breeding of salt tolerant Salix varieties and founds the basis for the application of S.matsudana in coastal afforestation.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Experimental data indicate that human growth-associated protein 43 mRNA expression coincides with axonal growth during nerve ganglion development; while neurocan, secreted from astrocytes, can inhibit spr...BACKGROUND： Experimental data indicate that human growth-associated protein 43 mRNA expression coincides with axonal growth during nerve ganglion development; while neurocan, secreted from astrocytes, can inhibit sprouting and elongation of the axonal growth cone. OBJECTIVE： To verify regulatory effects of cyclovirobuxine D （CVB-D） extracted from Chinese box branchlet on human growth-associated protein 43 （GAP-43）, and neurocan expression in brain tissue of stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive （RHRSP） rats, at different time points after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN： Randomized grouping design and controlled animal study. SETTING： This study was performed at the Center of Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine （a national key laboratory） from March 2003 to September 2006. MATERIALS： 100 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2 3 months and weighing 90-120 g, were selected for this study. CVB-D was provided by Nanjing Xiaoying Pharmaceutical Factory （Batch number： 307701）. METHODS： The initial tip of renal arteries was clamped bilaterally for 10 weeks to establish the RHRSP model. 100 RHRSP rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： naive group （n = 10）, sham surgery group （n = 10）, CVB-D group （n = 40）, and lesion group （n = 40）. Rats in the naive group did not undergo any treatment, and cervical vessels of rats in the sham surgery group were exposed, but not blocked. The right middle cerebral artery of rats in the CVB-D group and lesion group were occluded to establish cerebral ischemia. Rats in the CVB-D group were intraperitoneally injected with CVB-D （6.48 mg/kg） every day and with saline （1.5 mL/injection） twice a day. Rats in the lesion group were intraperitoneally injected with saline （2 mL/injection）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect GAP-43 and neurocan expression in the ischemic penumbra region of CVB-D and lesion brains at 2 hours post-cerebral ischemia and at 1, 7, 14, and 30 days post-perfusion （n = 10 at each time point）. Similarly, GAP-43 and neurocan expression was detected in the right hemisphere of naive and sham-operated animals. The results were expressed as positive cells. RESULTS： A total of 100 rats were included in the final analysis. The number of GAP-43 positive cells increased in the CVB-D group 1, 7, 14, and 30 days post-cerebral ischemia/perfusion compared to the lesion group, as indicated by a significant difference between the CVB-D and lesion group （P 〈 0.054）.01）. The number of neurocan-positive cells decreased in the CVB-D group on the first day compared to the model group; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. On post-ischemia days 7, 14, and 30, the number of neurocan-positive cells in the CVB-D group was significantly less than in the lesion group （P 〈 0.05）. Both, GAP-43 and neurocan expression was not detectable in brains of naive and sham-operated animals. CONCLUSION： CVB-D treatment up-regulated GAP-43 expression and down-regulated neurocan expression in the ischemic region of RHRSP rats.展开更多
The global water demand and supply situation is becoming increasingly severe due to water shortage and uneven distribution of water resources.The highest water demand in the energy sector is attributable to power gene...The global water demand and supply situation is becoming increasingly severe due to water shortage and uneven distribution of water resources.The highest water demand in the energy sector is attributable to power generation.With cross-country and cross-continental power grid interconnections becoming a reality,electricity trading across countries and the creation of new opportunities for re-allocation of water resources are possible.This study expands the concept of virtual water and proposes a generalized virtual water flow in an interconnected power grid system to accurately estimate water resource benefits of clean power transmission from both the production and the consumption sides.By defining the water scarcity index as a price mechanism indicator,the benefits of water resources allocation through power grid interconnections are evaluated.Taking the Africa-Asia-Europe interconnection scenario as an example,the total water saving would amount to 88.95 million m^3 by 2030 and 337.8 million m^3 by 2050.This result shows that grid interconnections could promote the development of renewable energy and expand the benefits of available water resources.展开更多
The stabilization problem of linear time-varying systems with both state and input constraints is considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the solution to this problem are derived and a gain-switched（ga...The stabilization problem of linear time-varying systems with both state and input constraints is considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the solution to this problem are derived and a gain-switched（gain-scheduled） state feedback control scheme is built to stabilize the constrained timevarying system. The design problem is transformed to a series of convex feasibility problems which can be solved efficiently. A design example is given to illustrate the effect of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents an organoid segmentation model based on multi-axis attention with convolution parallel block.MACPNet adeptly captures dynamic dependencies within bright-field microscopy images,improvi...Dear Editor,This letter presents an organoid segmentation model based on multi-axis attention with convolution parallel block.MACPNet adeptly captures dynamic dependencies within bright-field microscopy images,improving global modeling beyond conventional UNet.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively develop high-quality medical talents with strong clinical skills and innovativeness.By constructing and applying the medical parasitology teaching case database,students...The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively develop high-quality medical talents with strong clinical skills and innovativeness.By constructing and applying the medical parasitology teaching case database,students can gain access to various educational tools.The goal is to assist them in their progress from passive to active learning,as well as to develop their autonomous learning ability,critical thinking skills,communication skills,teamwork,and innovation skills.Besides,the goal is also to improve the overall hygiene perspective as well as digest and integrate their knowledge and skills.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted significant attention due to their high atomic utilization and tunable coordination environment.However,the catalytic mechanisms related to the active center and coordination ...Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted significant attention due to their high atomic utilization and tunable coordination environment.However,the catalytic mechanisms related to the active center and coordination environment remain unclear.In this study,we systematically investigated the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalytic activities of NiN_(4),NiN_(3),NiN_(3)H_(2),NiN_(4)X,NiN_(3)X,and NiN_(3)H_(2)X(X denotes axial ligand)through density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This study unveils two distinct reaction pathways for ORR and OER,involving proton-electron pairs adsorbed from both the solution and the catalyst surface.The overpotential is the key parameter to evaluate the catalytic performance when proton-electron pairs are adsorbed from the solution.NiN_(3)and NiN_(3)H_(2)show promise as pH-universal bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER.On the other hand,when proton-electron pairs are adsorbed from the catalyst surface,the reaction energy barrier becomes the crucial metric for assessing catalytic activity.Our investigation reveals that NiN_(3)H_(2)consistently exhibits optimal ORR activity across a wide pH range,regardless of the source of proton-electron pair(solvent or catalyst surface).展开更多
The release of micro/nanoplastics(MNPs)from biodegradable plastics in gastrointestinal environments due to photoaging,along with their associated mechanisms and potential cytotoxicity,is largely unknown.Here,we show t...The release of micro/nanoplastics(MNPs)from biodegradable plastics in gastrointestinal environments due to photoaging,along with their associated mechanisms and potential cytotoxicity,is largely unknown.Here,we show that poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PLA/PBAT)films undergo ultraviolet photoaging,resulting in increased surface roughness and a higher quantity of MNPs on the surface.This aging process involves the generation of carbon-and oxygen-centered free radicals,chain scission,and the formation of oxidation products with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.These MNPs can be released under water shear force,significantly increasing the normalized mass loss of aged films to approximately 0.128 mg/cm2(18 times higher than that of unaged films in water).In the gastrointestinal environment,the normalized mass loss further increases to about 0.196 mg/cm2(28 times higher),likely due to potential enzymatic digestion and ion-swelling effects.These MNPs,primarily composed of PLA,are smaller and carry more negative charges under gastrointestinal conditions.In the THP-1 cell model,these MNPs affect cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.MNPs obtained through ultrafiltration,compared to those collected via centrifugation,display a broader size distribution and induce more pronounced toxicity in THP-1 cells,with an EC50 of 243 mg/L.Preliminary comparative analysis indicates that PLA/PBAT-derived MNPs present toxicity risks comparable to,or greater than,those of conventional plastic MNPs.These findings underscore the potential hazards associated with biodegradable plastics.展开更多
Background Toxoplasma gondii,an intracellular parasitic protozoan,which infects almost all warm-blooded animals,including humans,causes toxoplasmosis.However,we lack effective drugs and vaccines to control toxoplasmos...Background Toxoplasma gondii,an intracellular parasitic protozoan,which infects almost all warm-blooded animals,including humans,causes toxoplasmosis.However,we lack effective drugs and vaccines to control toxoplasmosis,representing a clinical challenge.Therefore,safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed.In this study,a self-replicating mRNA vaccine comprising four T.gondii antigens:ROP18,TGME49_237490,TGME49_268230,and MIC13,named 4x-mRNA-LNP(lipid nanoparticle),was developed,and its protective efficacy was evaluated in mice.Methods The expression of this vaccine in eukaryotic Human embryonic kidney 293 T(HEK-293 T)cells and mouse myoblast(C2C12)cells were analyzed,followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)evaluation of the elicited humoral immune response.Subsequently,the vaccine-triggered immune responses in mice were detected,including antibody titers,T lymphocyte subsets,and cytokine levels.Finally,its immunoprotective effects were evaluated after challenging mice with T.gondii PRU oocysts or tachyzoites of different strains and analyzing the pathological changes,parasite loads,and mouse survival time.Western blotting and ELISA confirmed the successful eukaryotic expression and immunogenicity of 4x-mRNA,respectively.Statistical analyses,including the log-rank(Mantel–Cox)test,Student’s t-test,and one-way ANOVA,were performed using GraphPad Prism software.Results Mice vaccinated with 4x-mRNA-LNP generated higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies(P<0.05)and cytokines(IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12,IFN-γ)(P<0.05)compared with the control group.The high specific IgG titer was maintained for at least 10 weeks after the last vaccination.The proportion of CD3^(+)CD4^(+)T cells and CD3^(+)CD8^(+)T cells also increased significantly(P<0.05),along with increased spleen cell proliferation in 4x-mRNA-LNP-vaccinated mice.Notably,limited pathological changes and<10 fg of parasites/mg were found in the immunized mice tissues post-pathogen challenge.During observation for 30 days,4x-mRNA-LNP-immunized mice survived significantly longer under challenge with lethal doses of RH,ME49,or WH6 tachyzoites(survival rates=60%,80%,and 60%,respectively).Following PRU oocyst challenge,vaccinated mice had notably decreased cyst burdens(72.5%,P<0.05)compared with control mice.Conclusions The 4x-mRNA-LNP vaccine triggered effective long-term antibody levels in mice,thus representing a promising candidate to further develop anti-toxoplasmosis vaccines.展开更多
This study is based on the stone artifacts of the Machang Culture in the Zhuanglang River Basin.By analyzing the relationship between lithic technology and economic patterns,and integrating considerations of regional ...This study is based on the stone artifacts of the Machang Culture in the Zhuanglang River Basin.By analyzing the relationship between lithic technology and economic patterns,and integrating considerations of regional environment and subsistence strategies,it explores the technological adaptation,resource utilization,and social development characteristics of Late Neolithic humans.Through field surveys,typological analysis,and other methods,the study reveals the relationship between the functions of stone artifacts and subsistence economy,elucidates the“coexistence of old and new”phenomenon in the Machang Culture of the Zhuanglang River Basin,and provides new perspectives for prehistoric cultural research in the Gan-Qing region.展开更多
The Zhuanglang River is a primary tributary of the Yellow River.Tracing back to the prehistoric period,the numerous scattered settlement sites within the basin indicate that early inhabitants settled and flourished he...The Zhuanglang River is a primary tributary of the Yellow River.Tracing back to the prehistoric period,the numerous scattered settlement sites within the basin indicate that early inhabitants settled and flourished here,creating a unique and splendid culture.The Gejiawan site differs from other nearby Neolithic sites in that it is characterized by the widespread use of stone tools and a relatively high proportion of knapped(flaked)implements,a distinctive feature.We tentatively propose that the Gejiawan site may have served as a regional center of the Machang-type Neolithic in this area.Compared with contemporaneous surrounding sites,the Gejiawan site occupies a more open location with a wider visual field and covers a larger area;the artifacts recovered from the site are abundant in quantity,diverse in type,and finely worked,and craft technologies appear well developed.These attributes fully demonstrate the composite characteristics of the Machang culture’s subsistence strategies.展开更多
A Furstenberg family F is a family,consisting of some subsets of the set of positive integers,which is hereditary upwards,i.e.A?B and A∈F imply B∈F.For a given system(i.e.,a pair of a complete metric space and a con...A Furstenberg family F is a family,consisting of some subsets of the set of positive integers,which is hereditary upwards,i.e.A?B and A∈F imply B∈F.For a given system(i.e.,a pair of a complete metric space and a continuous self-map of the space)and for a Furstenberg family F,the definition of F-scrambled pairs of points in the space has been given,which brings the well-known scrambled pairs in Li-Yorke sense and the scrambled pairs in distribution sense to be F-scrambled pairs corresponding respectively to suitable Furstenberg family F.In the present paper we explore the basic properties of the set of F-scrambled pairs of a system.The generically F-chaotic system and the generically strongly F-chaotic system are defined.A criterion for a generically strongly F-chaotic system is showed.展开更多
In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides in crop plant protection and improve the utilization efficiency of pesticides,it is necessary to study advanced application machinery and application techniques.The us...In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides in crop plant protection and improve the utilization efficiency of pesticides,it is necessary to study advanced application machinery and application techniques.The use of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)for pesticide spraying has the characteristics of less application,strong penetrability,wide applicability and flexible operation scheduling,and has gradually become one of the important development directions in the field of aviation plant protection.However,the operation process of the UAV is often affected by meteorological factors and human manipulation,resulting in poor actual operation with inaccurate spray volume and uneven application.Therefore,to improve the stability and uniformity of the application of the plant protection UAV under variable operating conditions,in this paper a real-time control method was proposed for the application flow rate,and a precision variable-rate spray system was designed based on single-chip microcomputer and micro diaphragm pump that can controls the flow rate of the pump in real time with the changes of the operating state.The response s-peed of the variable-rate spray system was tested.The average control response time of the system was 0.18 s,and the average stability time of the pump flow change was 0.75 s.The test results showed that the system has a quick response to the working state and the adjustment of the target flow of the pump can be quickly completed to realize the variable-rate spray function.The research results can provide a reference for the practical application of plant protection UAV variable-rate spray system.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81072947,81473470,81774423,the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2014A030311033(all to FT).
文摘The inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is an important cause of neurological damage and repair.After cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,microglia are activated,and a large number of circulating inflammatory cells infiltrate the affected area.This leads to the secretion of inflammatory mediators and an inflammatory cascade that eventually causes secondary brain damage,including neuron necrosis,blood-brain barrier destruction,cerebral edema,and an oxidative stress response.Activation of inflammatory signaling pathways plays a key role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke.Increasing evidence suggests that acupuncture can reduce the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and promote repair of the injured nervous system.Acupuncture can not only inhibit the activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells,but can also regulate the expression of inflammation-related cytokines,balance the effects of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors,and interfere with inflammatory signaling pathways.Therefore,it is important to study the transmission and regulatory mechanism of inflammatory signaling pathways after acupuncture treatment for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of this type of injury using acupuncture.Our review summarizes the overall conditions of inflammatory cells,mediators,and pathways after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,and discusses the possible synergistic intervention of acupuncture in the inflammatory signaling pathway network to provide a foundation to explore the multiple molecular mechanisms by which acupuncture promotes nerve function restoration.
基金Research Projects of Science and Technology Bureau of Foshan City, No. 04080131the Administration Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province, No. 1050006the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 8152800007000001
文摘We established a stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat model by bilateral constriction of the renal artery with sliver loop clips. After ten weeks, middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 2 hours. The rats then received electro-acupuncture at Baihui （DU 20） and Dazhui （DU 14） after onset of ischemia for 30 days. In situ hybridization study showed that electroacupuncture significantly reduced the number of neurocan mRNA-positive cells in the ischemic penumbra and hippocampal tissues of rats. Electron microscopy results demonstrated that the structure of neurons and blood vessels in the ischemic tissues were restored with electroacupuncture. Overall, these data suggest that electroacupuncture may protect neurons against ischemic reperfusion injury in stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats, which may be regulated by downregulation of expression of nerve inhibitory factor neurocan mRNA.
文摘In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, aging is mainly thought renal deficiency caused renal failure, mainly involving decline of kidney-Yang and deficiency of kidney-essence. Huanshaodan, a Chinese traditional preparation for kidney-replenishing essence, was used to be the preparation for reinforcing renal deficiency and preventing aging for aged people. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Huanshaodan on swimming durance and the abilities of catalase （CAT） in serum and monoamine oxidase-B （MAO-B） in brain tissue as well as in vitro anti-oxidative ability of aging mouse. DESIGN： A controlled animal experiment. SETTING： College of Basic Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS： Fifty-four healthy NIH mice, aged 18 months old, of either gender, weighing （48.9±5.4） g, and one SD male rat, aged 16 months old, weighing 51.7 g, were provided by Animal Experimental Center, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Thirty NIH mice were randomly chosen for swimming test, and divided into experimental group and control group, with 15 in each; The other 24 NIH mice were used for enzyme activity assay, and also divided into experimental group and control group, with 12 in each. SD rat was used for in vitro anti-oxidative ability test, Huanshaodan water decoction was composed of Cheqianzi, Wuweizi, Huaishan, Danggui, Huangbai, Shudi, Baizhi, Niuxi, Baishen, Tusizi, Buguzhi, Roucongrong and Heshouwu 13 Chinese herbs. METHODS： This study was carried out in the Second Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in June 2006. Swimming and enzyme activity assay： Mice in the two experimental groups were intragastrically administrated with l0 μL/g Huanshaodan water decoction. Mice in the two control groups were intragastrically administrated with the same amount of normal saline. All the mice were intragastrically administrated for 5 days, and they were free to access to medicine in the other 2 days in a week. Each mouse was administrated for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Forty days after administration, mice in the experimental group and control group for swimming test were loaded at tails and allowed to swim in the water-tank. Swimming durance was recorded. ② Following the method of Chen Qi, the activities of CAT in serum and MAO-B in brain tissue as well as the inhibitory rate of each medicine on malonaldehyde （MDA） content in the in vitro rat hepatic tissue were determined; Meanwhile, the inhibitory rate of different doses of Tusizi liquid to MDA content in the rat hepatic tissue in vitro was also assayed. RESULTS： Fifty-four NIH mice and one SD rat were recruited in this experiment. Three mice died in the swimming test, and all the other animals were involved in the final analysis. ① Swimming durance of mice in the experimental group was significantly longer than that in the control group （ t =7.502, P 〈 0.01 ） . The activity of CAT in serum of mice in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group （ t =13.307, P 〈 0.01 ） . ② The activity of MAO-B in brain tissue of mice in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group （t =l3.27, P 〈 0.01 ） . ③The inhibitory rate of Cheqianzi, Wuweizi, Huaishan, Danggui, Huangbai, Shudi, Baizhi, Niuxi, Baishen, Tusizi, Buguzhi, Roucongrong and Heshouwu 13 Chinese herbs of Huanshaodan to MDA in the rat hepatic tissue in vitro was - 62.9, - 95.1, - 34.9, - 65.1, - 99.1, - 87.2, - 94.1, - 20.0, - 67.0, - 83.7, - 91.0, - 98.4, - 93.0, respectively. ④ The inhibitory rate of low to high dose of Tusizi liquid to MDA content in the rat hepatic tissue in vitro was - 3.41, - 18.1, - 26.6, - 83.7, respectively. CONCLUSION： Huanshaodan enhances swimming endurance, anti-oxygen free radical and anti-oxidativeabilities, and thus, it can delay aging.
基金This work was supported by‘Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(JASTIF),CX(16)1005)’Research&Development Programme in Jiangsu Province(Modern Agriculture)(No.BE2016328)+2 种基金the Fund for 333 Engineering Project in Jiangsu Province(No.BRA2015125)‘the Fund for the 12th Six Peak Talent Project in Jiangsu Province(No.2015-NY-042)’‘the Fund for 226 Engineering Project in Nantong City(No.2014008)’。
文摘Willow(Salix)is one of the most important ornamental tree species in landscape plants.One species,Salix matsudana,is widely used as a shade tree and border tree because of its soft branches and plump crown.Some varieties of S.matsudana were salt tolerant and could grow normally in coastal regions.However,the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance for S.matsudana have been less clear.Here,we addressed this issue by performing a mapping experiment containing 195 intraspecific F1 progeny of S.matsudana,derived from salt-sensitive‘yanjiang’and salt-tolerant‘9901’,grown by cuttings in a 100 mM NaCl solution.Growth performance of these progeny under salt stress was investigated,displaying marked genotypic variability with the coefficients of variance of 28.64–86.11%in shoot and root growth traits.We further mapped specific QTLs contributing to these differences to the Salix genome.Of the 204 QTLs identified,a few were detected to explain a remarkably larger portion of the phenotypic variation than many others.Many detected QTLs were found to reside in the region of candidate genes of known biological function.The discovery of growth QTLs expressed under salt stress provides important information for marker-assisted breeding of salt tolerant Salix varieties and founds the basis for the application of S.matsudana in coastal afforestation.
基金the grants from Guangdong Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.103142
文摘BACKGROUND： Experimental data indicate that human growth-associated protein 43 mRNA expression coincides with axonal growth during nerve ganglion development; while neurocan, secreted from astrocytes, can inhibit sprouting and elongation of the axonal growth cone. OBJECTIVE： To verify regulatory effects of cyclovirobuxine D （CVB-D） extracted from Chinese box branchlet on human growth-associated protein 43 （GAP-43）, and neurocan expression in brain tissue of stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive （RHRSP） rats, at different time points after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN： Randomized grouping design and controlled animal study. SETTING： This study was performed at the Center of Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine （a national key laboratory） from March 2003 to September 2006. MATERIALS： 100 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2 3 months and weighing 90-120 g, were selected for this study. CVB-D was provided by Nanjing Xiaoying Pharmaceutical Factory （Batch number： 307701）. METHODS： The initial tip of renal arteries was clamped bilaterally for 10 weeks to establish the RHRSP model. 100 RHRSP rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： naive group （n = 10）, sham surgery group （n = 10）, CVB-D group （n = 40）, and lesion group （n = 40）. Rats in the naive group did not undergo any treatment, and cervical vessels of rats in the sham surgery group were exposed, but not blocked. The right middle cerebral artery of rats in the CVB-D group and lesion group were occluded to establish cerebral ischemia. Rats in the CVB-D group were intraperitoneally injected with CVB-D （6.48 mg/kg） every day and with saline （1.5 mL/injection） twice a day. Rats in the lesion group were intraperitoneally injected with saline （2 mL/injection）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect GAP-43 and neurocan expression in the ischemic penumbra region of CVB-D and lesion brains at 2 hours post-cerebral ischemia and at 1, 7, 14, and 30 days post-perfusion （n = 10 at each time point）. Similarly, GAP-43 and neurocan expression was detected in the right hemisphere of naive and sham-operated animals. The results were expressed as positive cells. RESULTS： A total of 100 rats were included in the final analysis. The number of GAP-43 positive cells increased in the CVB-D group 1, 7, 14, and 30 days post-cerebral ischemia/perfusion compared to the lesion group, as indicated by a significant difference between the CVB-D and lesion group （P 〈 0.054）.01）. The number of neurocan-positive cells decreased in the CVB-D group on the first day compared to the model group; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. On post-ischemia days 7, 14, and 30, the number of neurocan-positive cells in the CVB-D group was significantly less than in the lesion group （P 〈 0.05）. Both, GAP-43 and neurocan expression was not detectable in brains of naive and sham-operated animals. CONCLUSION： CVB-D treatment up-regulated GAP-43 expression and down-regulated neurocan expression in the ischemic region of RHRSP rats.
基金supported by the State Grid GEIGC Science and Technology Project under the “Research on Global Energy Transition Scenario and Model Development and Application under the New Pattern of Global Environmental Protection” framework(Grant No.52450018000W)
文摘The global water demand and supply situation is becoming increasingly severe due to water shortage and uneven distribution of water resources.The highest water demand in the energy sector is attributable to power generation.With cross-country and cross-continental power grid interconnections becoming a reality,electricity trading across countries and the creation of new opportunities for re-allocation of water resources are possible.This study expands the concept of virtual water and proposes a generalized virtual water flow in an interconnected power grid system to accurately estimate water resource benefits of clean power transmission from both the production and the consumption sides.By defining the water scarcity index as a price mechanism indicator,the benefits of water resources allocation through power grid interconnections are evaluated.Taking the Africa-Asia-Europe interconnection scenario as an example,the total water saving would amount to 88.95 million m^3 by 2030 and 337.8 million m^3 by 2050.This result shows that grid interconnections could promote the development of renewable energy and expand the benefits of available water resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6132106261503100)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M550189)
文摘The stabilization problem of linear time-varying systems with both state and input constraints is considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the solution to this problem are derived and a gain-switched（gain-scheduled） state feedback control scheme is built to stabilize the constrained timevarying system. The design problem is transformed to a series of convex feasibility problems which can be solved efficiently. A design example is given to illustrate the effect of the proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the Xinjiang Tianchi Talents Program(E33B9401)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023D01E15)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62302495)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373348)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents an organoid segmentation model based on multi-axis attention with convolution parallel block.MACPNet adeptly captures dynamic dependencies within bright-field microscopy images,improving global modeling beyond conventional UNet.
基金The Higher Education and Teaching Reform Project of Wenzhou Medical University(Project Number:JG2021011).
文摘The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively develop high-quality medical talents with strong clinical skills and innovativeness.By constructing and applying the medical parasitology teaching case database,students can gain access to various educational tools.The goal is to assist them in their progress from passive to active learning,as well as to develop their autonomous learning ability,critical thinking skills,communication skills,teamwork,and innovation skills.Besides,the goal is also to improve the overall hygiene perspective as well as digest and integrate their knowledge and skills.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory(No.YPML-2023050234)Major Science and Technology Programs of Yunnan(Nos.202302AH360001 and 202307AC110005).
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted significant attention due to their high atomic utilization and tunable coordination environment.However,the catalytic mechanisms related to the active center and coordination environment remain unclear.In this study,we systematically investigated the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalytic activities of NiN_(4),NiN_(3),NiN_(3)H_(2),NiN_(4)X,NiN_(3)X,and NiN_(3)H_(2)X(X denotes axial ligand)through density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This study unveils two distinct reaction pathways for ORR and OER,involving proton-electron pairs adsorbed from both the solution and the catalyst surface.The overpotential is the key parameter to evaluate the catalytic performance when proton-electron pairs are adsorbed from the solution.NiN_(3)and NiN_(3)H_(2)show promise as pH-universal bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER.On the other hand,when proton-electron pairs are adsorbed from the catalyst surface,the reaction energy barrier becomes the crucial metric for assessing catalytic activity.Our investigation reveals that NiN_(3)H_(2)consistently exhibits optimal ORR activity across a wide pH range,regardless of the source of proton-electron pair(solvent or catalyst surface).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(22276021)the Dalian POCT laboratory.The authors acknowledge the assistance of DUT Instrumental Analysis Center.
文摘The release of micro/nanoplastics(MNPs)from biodegradable plastics in gastrointestinal environments due to photoaging,along with their associated mechanisms and potential cytotoxicity,is largely unknown.Here,we show that poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PLA/PBAT)films undergo ultraviolet photoaging,resulting in increased surface roughness and a higher quantity of MNPs on the surface.This aging process involves the generation of carbon-and oxygen-centered free radicals,chain scission,and the formation of oxidation products with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.These MNPs can be released under water shear force,significantly increasing the normalized mass loss of aged films to approximately 0.128 mg/cm2(18 times higher than that of unaged films in water).In the gastrointestinal environment,the normalized mass loss further increases to about 0.196 mg/cm2(28 times higher),likely due to potential enzymatic digestion and ion-swelling effects.These MNPs,primarily composed of PLA,are smaller and carry more negative charges under gastrointestinal conditions.In the THP-1 cell model,these MNPs affect cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.MNPs obtained through ultrafiltration,compared to those collected via centrifugation,display a broader size distribution and induce more pronounced toxicity in THP-1 cells,with an EC50 of 243 mg/L.Preliminary comparative analysis indicates that PLA/PBAT-derived MNPs present toxicity risks comparable to,or greater than,those of conventional plastic MNPs.These findings underscore the potential hazards associated with biodegradable plastics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Numbers 32370997,81871684]the Provincial Key R&D program of Zhejiang Department of Science and Technology[Grant Number 2022C03109]+3 种基金the Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project[Grant Number 2023ZY1019]the Key Projects Jointly Constructed by the Ministry and the Province of Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Project[Grant Number WKJ-ZJ-2545]the Foundation of GuoTai(Taizhou)Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals[Grant Number GTKF(23)001]the Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine(First Class,Category A),Hangzhou Medical College.
文摘Background Toxoplasma gondii,an intracellular parasitic protozoan,which infects almost all warm-blooded animals,including humans,causes toxoplasmosis.However,we lack effective drugs and vaccines to control toxoplasmosis,representing a clinical challenge.Therefore,safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed.In this study,a self-replicating mRNA vaccine comprising four T.gondii antigens:ROP18,TGME49_237490,TGME49_268230,and MIC13,named 4x-mRNA-LNP(lipid nanoparticle),was developed,and its protective efficacy was evaluated in mice.Methods The expression of this vaccine in eukaryotic Human embryonic kidney 293 T(HEK-293 T)cells and mouse myoblast(C2C12)cells were analyzed,followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)evaluation of the elicited humoral immune response.Subsequently,the vaccine-triggered immune responses in mice were detected,including antibody titers,T lymphocyte subsets,and cytokine levels.Finally,its immunoprotective effects were evaluated after challenging mice with T.gondii PRU oocysts or tachyzoites of different strains and analyzing the pathological changes,parasite loads,and mouse survival time.Western blotting and ELISA confirmed the successful eukaryotic expression and immunogenicity of 4x-mRNA,respectively.Statistical analyses,including the log-rank(Mantel–Cox)test,Student’s t-test,and one-way ANOVA,were performed using GraphPad Prism software.Results Mice vaccinated with 4x-mRNA-LNP generated higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies(P<0.05)and cytokines(IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12,IFN-γ)(P<0.05)compared with the control group.The high specific IgG titer was maintained for at least 10 weeks after the last vaccination.The proportion of CD3^(+)CD4^(+)T cells and CD3^(+)CD8^(+)T cells also increased significantly(P<0.05),along with increased spleen cell proliferation in 4x-mRNA-LNP-vaccinated mice.Notably,limited pathological changes and<10 fg of parasites/mg were found in the immunized mice tissues post-pathogen challenge.During observation for 30 days,4x-mRNA-LNP-immunized mice survived significantly longer under challenge with lethal doses of RH,ME49,or WH6 tachyzoites(survival rates=60%,80%,and 60%,respectively).Following PRU oocyst challenge,vaccinated mice had notably decreased cyst burdens(72.5%,P<0.05)compared with control mice.Conclusions The 4x-mRNA-LNP vaccine triggered effective long-term antibody levels in mice,thus representing a promising candidate to further develop anti-toxoplasmosis vaccines.
基金This study represents the phased results of the Gansu Provincial Social Science Planning Project“Research on Prehistoric Craft Technology and Regional Cultural Development Process in the Ganqing Region”(2024YB043)the Gansu Provincial Education and Science&Technology Innovation Project“Research on Prehistoric Pottery Techniques and the East-West Interaction of Regional Craft Technology in the Datong River-Zhuanglang River Basin”(2024A014).
文摘This study is based on the stone artifacts of the Machang Culture in the Zhuanglang River Basin.By analyzing the relationship between lithic technology and economic patterns,and integrating considerations of regional environment and subsistence strategies,it explores the technological adaptation,resource utilization,and social development characteristics of Late Neolithic humans.Through field surveys,typological analysis,and other methods,the study reveals the relationship between the functions of stone artifacts and subsistence economy,elucidates the“coexistence of old and new”phenomenon in the Machang Culture of the Zhuanglang River Basin,and provides new perspectives for prehistoric cultural research in the Gan-Qing region.
基金the phased results of the Gansu Provincial Social Science Planning Project“Research on Prehistoric Handicraft Technology and Regional Cultural Development in the Gan-Qing Area”(2024YB043)the Gansu Provincial Education and Science&Technology Innovation Project“Study on Prehistoric Pottery Technology and East–West Interaction of Regional Handicraft Technology in the Datong River–Zhuanglang River Basin”(2024A-014)the Northwest Normal University 2024 Graduate Research Funding Project“Survey and Analysis of the Gejiawan Site in the Zhuanglang River Basin”(2024CXZX-LXS011).
文摘The Zhuanglang River is a primary tributary of the Yellow River.Tracing back to the prehistoric period,the numerous scattered settlement sites within the basin indicate that early inhabitants settled and flourished here,creating a unique and splendid culture.The Gejiawan site differs from other nearby Neolithic sites in that it is characterized by the widespread use of stone tools and a relatively high proportion of knapped(flaked)implements,a distinctive feature.We tentatively propose that the Gejiawan site may have served as a regional center of the Machang-type Neolithic in this area.Compared with contemporaneous surrounding sites,the Gejiawan site occupies a more open location with a wider visual field and covers a larger area;the artifacts recovered from the site are abundant in quantity,diverse in type,and finely worked,and craft technologies appear well developed.These attributes fully demonstrate the composite characteristics of the Machang culture’s subsistence strategies.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10471049)
文摘A Furstenberg family F is a family,consisting of some subsets of the set of positive integers,which is hereditary upwards,i.e.A?B and A∈F imply B∈F.For a given system(i.e.,a pair of a complete metric space and a continuous self-map of the space)and for a Furstenberg family F,the definition of F-scrambled pairs of points in the space has been given,which brings the well-known scrambled pairs in Li-Yorke sense and the scrambled pairs in distribution sense to be F-scrambled pairs corresponding respectively to suitable Furstenberg family F.In the present paper we explore the basic properties of the set of F-scrambled pairs of a system.The generically F-chaotic system and the generically strongly F-chaotic system are defined.A criterion for a generically strongly F-chaotic system is showed.
基金The authors acknowledge that the research was financially supported by the graduate student innovation project of Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University(YJSCX2017-Z03)the Youth Innovative Talent Program of Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University(ZRCQC201802).
文摘In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides in crop plant protection and improve the utilization efficiency of pesticides,it is necessary to study advanced application machinery and application techniques.The use of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)for pesticide spraying has the characteristics of less application,strong penetrability,wide applicability and flexible operation scheduling,and has gradually become one of the important development directions in the field of aviation plant protection.However,the operation process of the UAV is often affected by meteorological factors and human manipulation,resulting in poor actual operation with inaccurate spray volume and uneven application.Therefore,to improve the stability and uniformity of the application of the plant protection UAV under variable operating conditions,in this paper a real-time control method was proposed for the application flow rate,and a precision variable-rate spray system was designed based on single-chip microcomputer and micro diaphragm pump that can controls the flow rate of the pump in real time with the changes of the operating state.The response s-peed of the variable-rate spray system was tested.The average control response time of the system was 0.18 s,and the average stability time of the pump flow change was 0.75 s.The test results showed that the system has a quick response to the working state and the adjustment of the target flow of the pump can be quickly completed to realize the variable-rate spray function.The research results can provide a reference for the practical application of plant protection UAV variable-rate spray system.
