Body color polyphenism is common in Diaphorina citri.Previous studies compared physiological characteristics in D.citri,but the ecological and biological significance of its body color polyphenism remains poorly under...Body color polyphenism is common in Diaphorina citri.Previous studies compared physiological characteristics in D.citri,but the ecological and biological significance of its body color polyphenism remains poorly understood.We studied the ecological and molecular effects of stressors related to body color in D.citri.Crowding or low temperature induced a high proportion of gray morphs,which had smaller bodies,lower body weight,and greater susceptibility to the insecticide dinotefuran.We performed transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of 2 color morphs in D.citri.Gene expression dynamics revealed that the differentially expressed genes were predominantly involved in energy metabolism,including fatty acid metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and carbohydrate metabolism.Among these genes,plexin,glycosidase,phospholipase,take out,trypsin,and triacylglycerol lipase were differentially expressed in 2 color morphs,and 6 hsps(3 hsp70,hsp83,hsp90,hsp68)were upregulated in gray morphs.The metabolome data showed that blue morphs exhibited a higher abundance of fatty acid and amino acid,whereas the content of carbohydrates was elevated in gray morphs.This study partly explains the body color polyphenism of D.citri and provides insights into the molecular changes of stress response of D.citri.展开更多
The tanning hormone,Bursicon,is a neuropeptide secreted by the insect nervous system that functions as a heterodimer composed of Burs-αand Burs-βsubunits.It plays a critical role in the processes of cuticle tanning ...The tanning hormone,Bursicon,is a neuropeptide secreted by the insect nervous system that functions as a heterodimer composed of Burs-αand Burs-βsubunits.It plays a critical role in the processes of cuticle tanning and wing expansion in insects.In this study,we successfully identified the AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βgenes in Aphis citricidus.The open reading frames of AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βwere 480 and 417 bp in length,respectively.Both AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βexhibited 11 conserved cysteine residues.AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βwere expressed during all developmental stages of A.citricidus and showed high expression levels in the winged aphids.To investigate the potential role of AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βin wing development,we employed RNA interference(RNAi)techniques.With the efficient silencing of AcBurs-α(44.90%)and AcBurs-β(52.31%),malformed wings were induced in aphids.The proportions of malformed wings were 22.50%,25.84%,and 38.34%in dsAcBurs-α-,dsAcBur-β-,and dsAcBurs-α+dsAcBur-β-treated groups,respectively.Moreover,feeding protein kinase A inhibitors(H-89)also increased the proportion of malformed wings to 30.00%.Feeding both double-stranded RNA and inhibitors(H-89)significantly downregulated the wing development-related genes nubbin,vestigial,notch and spalt major.Silence of vestigial through RNAi also led to malformed wings.Meanwhile,the exogenous application of 3 hormones that influence wing development did not affect the expression level of AcBursicon genes.These findings indicate that AcBursicon genes plays a crucial role in wing development in A.citricidus;therefore,it represents a potential molecular target for the control of this pest through RNAi-based approaches.展开更多
Carotenoids are involved in many essential physiological functions and are produced from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through synthase,desaturase,and cyclase activities.In the pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum),the duplic...Carotenoids are involved in many essential physiological functions and are produced from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through synthase,desaturase,and cyclase activities.In the pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum),the duplication of carotenoid biosynthetic genes,including carotenoid synthases/cyclases(ApCscA-C)and desaturases(ApCdeA-D),through horizontal gene transfer from fungi has been detected,and ApCdeB has known dehydrogenation functions.However,whether other genes contribute to aphid carotenoid biosynthesis,and its specific regulatory pathway,remains unclear.In the current study,functional analyses of seven genes were performed using heterologous complementation and RNA interference assays.The bifunctional enzymes ApCscA-C were responsible for the synthase of phytoene,and ApCscC may also have a cyclase activity.ApCdeA,ApCdeC,and ApCdeD had diverse dehydrogenation functions.ApCdeA catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to neurosporene(three-step product),ApCdeC catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to ζ-carotene(two-step product),and ApCdeD catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to lycopene(four-step product).Silencing of ApCscs reduced the expression levels of ApCdes,and silencing these carotenoid biosynthetic genes reduced the α-,β-,and γ-carotene levels,as well as the total carotenoid level.The results suggest that these genes were activated and led to carotenoid biosynthesis in the pea aphid.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1400805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160625)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Jiangxi Province(20225BCJ22005)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA.
文摘Body color polyphenism is common in Diaphorina citri.Previous studies compared physiological characteristics in D.citri,but the ecological and biological significance of its body color polyphenism remains poorly understood.We studied the ecological and molecular effects of stressors related to body color in D.citri.Crowding or low temperature induced a high proportion of gray morphs,which had smaller bodies,lower body weight,and greater susceptibility to the insecticide dinotefuran.We performed transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of 2 color morphs in D.citri.Gene expression dynamics revealed that the differentially expressed genes were predominantly involved in energy metabolism,including fatty acid metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and carbohydrate metabolism.Among these genes,plexin,glycosidase,phospholipase,take out,trypsin,and triacylglycerol lipase were differentially expressed in 2 color morphs,and 6 hsps(3 hsp70,hsp83,hsp90,hsp68)were upregulated in gray morphs.The metabolome data showed that blue morphs exhibited a higher abundance of fatty acid and amino acid,whereas the content of carbohydrates was elevated in gray morphs.This study partly explains the body color polyphenism of D.citri and provides insights into the molecular changes of stress response of D.citri.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272526,32302338,and 32020103010)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0750)China Agriculture Research System of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
文摘The tanning hormone,Bursicon,is a neuropeptide secreted by the insect nervous system that functions as a heterodimer composed of Burs-αand Burs-βsubunits.It plays a critical role in the processes of cuticle tanning and wing expansion in insects.In this study,we successfully identified the AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βgenes in Aphis citricidus.The open reading frames of AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βwere 480 and 417 bp in length,respectively.Both AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βexhibited 11 conserved cysteine residues.AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βwere expressed during all developmental stages of A.citricidus and showed high expression levels in the winged aphids.To investigate the potential role of AcBurs-αand AcBurs-βin wing development,we employed RNA interference(RNAi)techniques.With the efficient silencing of AcBurs-α(44.90%)and AcBurs-β(52.31%),malformed wings were induced in aphids.The proportions of malformed wings were 22.50%,25.84%,and 38.34%in dsAcBurs-α-,dsAcBur-β-,and dsAcBurs-α+dsAcBur-β-treated groups,respectively.Moreover,feeding protein kinase A inhibitors(H-89)also increased the proportion of malformed wings to 30.00%.Feeding both double-stranded RNA and inhibitors(H-89)significantly downregulated the wing development-related genes nubbin,vestigial,notch and spalt major.Silence of vestigial through RNAi also led to malformed wings.Meanwhile,the exogenous application of 3 hormones that influence wing development did not affect the expression level of AcBursicon genes.These findings indicate that AcBursicon genes plays a crucial role in wing development in A.citricidus;therefore,it represents a potential molecular target for the control of this pest through RNAi-based approaches.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001908 and 32020103010)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0338)the Foundation Project of Southwest University(SWU019033).
文摘Carotenoids are involved in many essential physiological functions and are produced from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through synthase,desaturase,and cyclase activities.In the pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum),the duplication of carotenoid biosynthetic genes,including carotenoid synthases/cyclases(ApCscA-C)and desaturases(ApCdeA-D),through horizontal gene transfer from fungi has been detected,and ApCdeB has known dehydrogenation functions.However,whether other genes contribute to aphid carotenoid biosynthesis,and its specific regulatory pathway,remains unclear.In the current study,functional analyses of seven genes were performed using heterologous complementation and RNA interference assays.The bifunctional enzymes ApCscA-C were responsible for the synthase of phytoene,and ApCscC may also have a cyclase activity.ApCdeA,ApCdeC,and ApCdeD had diverse dehydrogenation functions.ApCdeA catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to neurosporene(three-step product),ApCdeC catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to ζ-carotene(two-step product),and ApCdeD catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to lycopene(four-step product).Silencing of ApCscs reduced the expression levels of ApCdes,and silencing these carotenoid biosynthetic genes reduced the α-,β-,and γ-carotene levels,as well as the total carotenoid level.The results suggest that these genes were activated and led to carotenoid biosynthesis in the pea aphid.
