Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for...Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for POB,synthesizing current evidence on surgical techniques,perioperative management,and postoperative interventions.Effective prevention strategies include the use of regional vessel wrapping,optimal pancreatic anastomosis,and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis.Postoperative management strategies,such as early detection using predictive models and advanced imaging,along with endovascular interventions like angiographic embolization and stent graft placement,are essential for timely intervention.Risk factors,including pancreatic texture,anticoagulation therapy,and patient comorbidities,further influence bleeding outcomes.The minireview also identifies gaps in current research and emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to establish standardized protocols.Overall,a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise,predictive analytics,and personalized care is essential to improving patient out comes and minimizing the risk of POB following PD.展开更多
Understanding the proton dynamic behavior in inorganic materials has long been a topic of intense fascination[1],especially in the field of electrochemical energy storage[2].One of the examples is the research of prot...Understanding the proton dynamic behavior in inorganic materials has long been a topic of intense fascination[1],especially in the field of electrochemical energy storage[2].One of the examples is the research of proton transport in transition metal oxides,which dates back to 1971[3]when RuO_(2) was discovered to be capable of storing protons via reversible redox reactions[4].In aqueous electrolytes,the thin film RuO_(2) electrode exhibits a surface pseudocapacitive behavior[5],which could be modified by the structural water in its hydrated form due to the facile Grotthuss hopping mode of protons along the established hydrogen bonds inside the bulk phase[6].Soon later,Goodenough et al.reported the capacitor-like behavior of amorphous MnO_(2)·xH_(2)O electrode in an aqueous KCl electrolyte[7],and further studies on the hydrated MnO_(2) electrodes prepared by sol-gel processes have soon discovered that the intercalation of protons from aqueous electrolytes plays an indispensable role in the charge storage mechanism[8].In recent years,the research interest on rechargeable aqueous batteries has fueled the renaissance of mechanistic study of proton transport in transition metal oxides[9],which can operate as cathodes or anodes via a topotactic insertion mechanism similar to that in Li-ion batteries[10].However,due to the challenges for experimental detection of local chemical environments of the inserted protons,a comprehensive understanding of proton dynamic behavior in these electrodes remains largely lacking.展开更多
We examined the enhancing effects of different dosages of product of Centrifugation of Bacterial Liquid(product of CBL)on the performance of slag-fGD gypsum-cement-bentonite-sludge system using MICP technology.We anal...We examined the enhancing effects of different dosages of product of Centrifugation of Bacterial Liquid(product of CBL)on the performance of slag-fGD gypsum-cement-bentonite-sludge system using MICP technology.We analyzed the multifaceted performance of the solidified sludge from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.The experimental results reveal that the increase in product of CBL dosage results in positive impacts on the solidified sludge,including higher side compressive strength,lower leachate heavy metal concentration,and improved crack repair rates.At a 0.4%product of CBL doping concentration,the strength of the solidified sludge is enhanced by 26.6%at 3 d,61.2%at 7 d,and 13.9%at 28 d when compared to the unmodified solidified sludge.After 28 days,the concentrations of Zn and Cu ions reduce by 58%and 18%,respectively,and the crack repair rate is 58.4%.These results demonstrate that the increase in heavy metal concentration in the leachate leads to an increase in the strength of the solidified sludge.The strengthening procedure heavily relies on the mineralisation reaction of Bacillus pasteurii,which produces a substantial amount of CaCO_(3)to cement the particles and fill the pores initially.The modified solidifying sludge exhibits a self-repairing effect and an enhanced multifaceted performance as a result of oxygen being restored after crack formation and reactivation of Bacillus pasteurii.Such conditions facilitate the body's recovery.展开更多
The bismuth-telluride-based alloy is the only thermoelectric material commercialized for the applications of refrigeration and energy harvesting,but its low cost-effectiveness severely restricts its large-scale ap-pli...The bismuth-telluride-based alloy is the only thermoelectric material commercialized for the applications of refrigeration and energy harvesting,but its low cost-effectiveness severely restricts its large-scale ap-plication.The introduction of a porous structure in bulk thermoelectric materials has been theoretically proven to effectively reduce thermal conductivity and cost.However,the electrical properties of highly porous materials are considerably suppressed due to the strong carrier scattering at the interface be-tween the matrix and pores,ultimately leading to decreased figure of merit,ZT.Here,we use an atomic layer deposition strategy to introduce some hollow glass bubbles with nano-oxide layers into commercial Bi_(0.5)Sb_(1.5)Te_(3)for preparing high-performance porous thermoelectric materials.Experimental results indi-cate that the nano-oxide layers weaken carrier scattering at the interface between pores and matrix while maintaining high-strength phonon scattering,thereby optimizing carrier/phonon transport behaviors,and effectively increasing the ZT by 23.2%(from 0.99 to 1.22 at 350 K).Besides,our strategy has excellent universality confirmed by its effectiveness in improving the ZT of Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3),therefore demonstrating great potential for developing low-cost and high-performance thermoelectric materials.展开更多
Based on the C-Coupler platform,the semi-unstructured Climate System Model,Synthesis Community Integrated Model version 2(SYCIM2.0),has been developed at the School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University.SYCIM...Based on the C-Coupler platform,the semi-unstructured Climate System Model,Synthesis Community Integrated Model version 2(SYCIM2.0),has been developed at the School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University.SYCIM2.0 aims to meet the demand for seamless climate prediction through accurate climate simulations and projections.This paper provides an overview of SYCIM2.0 and highlights its key features,especially the coupling of an unstructured ocean model and the tuning process.An extensive evaluation of its performance,focusing on the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM),is presented based on long-term simulations with fixed external forcing.The results suggest that after nearly 240 years of integration,SYCIM2.0 achieves a quasi-equilibrium state,albeit with small trends in the net radiation flux at the top-of-atmosphere(TOA)and Earth’s surface,as well as with global mean near-surface temperatures.Compared to observational and reanalysis data,the model realistically simulates spatial patterns of sea surface temperature(SST)and precipitation centers to include their annual cycles,in addition to the lower-level wind fields in the EASM region.However,it exhibits a weakened and eastward-shifted Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH),resulting in an associated precipitation bias.SYCIM2.0 robustly captures the dominant mode of the EASM and its close relationship with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)but exhibits relatively poor performance in simulating the second leading mode and the associated air–sea interaction processes.Further comprehensive evaluations of SYCIM2.0 will be conducted in future studies.展开更多
Zirconium alloys are critical materials in nuclear engineering due to their exceptional irradiation resistance and corrosion stability.However,prolonged exposure to extreme operational environments,including a high ra...Zirconium alloys are critical materials in nuclear engineering due to their exceptional irradiation resistance and corrosion stability.However,prolonged exposure to extreme operational environments,including a high radiation,mechanical stress,and corrosive media,induces surface degradation mechanisms including stress corrosion cracking and erosion from impurity particle impacts,necessitating advanced surface treatments to improve hardness and corrosion resistance.We explore the application of laser shock peening(LSP)to enhance the surface properties of the Zr4 alloy.Experimental analyses reveal substantial microstructural modifications upon the LSP.The surface grain refinement achieved a maximum reduction of 52.7%in average grain size(from 22.88 to 10.8μm^(2)),accompanied by an increase of 59%in hardness(204 to 326 HV).Additionally,a compressive residual stress layer(approximately-100 MPa)was generated on the treated surface,which reduces the risk of stress corrosion cracking.To elucidate the mechanistic basis of these improvements,a multiscale computational framework was developed,integrating finite-element models for macroscale stress field evolution and molecular dynamics simulations for nanoscale dislocation dynamics.By incorporating the strain rate as a critical variable,this framework bridges microstructure evolution with macroscopic mechanical enhancements.The simulations not only elucidated the dynamic interplay between shockwave-induced plastic deformation and property improvements but also exhibited a good consistency with experimental residual stress profiles.Notably,we propose the application of strain rate-driven multiscale modeling in LSP research for Zr alloys,providing a predictive method to optimize laser parameters for a tailored surface strengthening.This study not only confirms that LSP is a feasible strategy capable of effectively enhancing the comprehensive surface properties of Zr alloys and extending their service life in nuclear environments,but also provides a reliable simulation methodology in the field of laser surface engineering of alloy materials.展开更多
The service life of internal combustion engines is significantly influenced by surface defects in cylinder liners.To address the limitations of traditional detection methods,we propose an enhanced YOLOv8 model with Sw...The service life of internal combustion engines is significantly influenced by surface defects in cylinder liners.To address the limitations of traditional detection methods,we propose an enhanced YOLOv8 model with Swin Transformer as the backbone network.This approach leverages Swin Transformer's multi-head self-attention mechanism for improved feature extraction of defects spanning various scales.Integrated with the YOLOv8 detection head,our model achieves a mean average precision of 85.1%on our dataset,outperforming baseline methods by 1.4%.The model's effectiveness is further demonstrated on a steel-surface defect dataset,indicating its broad applicability in industrial surface defect detection.Our work highlights the potential of combining Swin Transformer and YOLOv8 for accurate and efficient defect detection.展开更多
Computing free energy is a fundamental problem in statistical physics.Recently,two distinct methods have been developed and have demonstrated remarkable success:the tensor-network-based contraction method and the neur...Computing free energy is a fundamental problem in statistical physics.Recently,two distinct methods have been developed and have demonstrated remarkable success:the tensor-network-based contraction method and the neural-network-based variational method.Tensor networks are accurate,but their application is often limited to low-dimensional systems due to the high computational complexity in high-dimensional systems.The neural network method applies to systems with general topology.However,as a variational method,it is not as accurate as tensor networks.In this work,we propose an integrated approach,tensor-network-based variational autoregressive networks(TNVAN),that leverages the strengths of both tensor networks and neural networks:combining the variational autoregressive neural network’s ability to compute an upper bound on free energy and perform unbiased sampling from the variational distribution with the tensor network’s power to accurately compute the partition function for small sub-systems,resulting in a robust method for precisely estimating free energy.To evaluate the proposed approach,we conducted numerical experiments on spin glass systems with various topologies,including two-dimensional lattices,fully connected graphs,and random graphs.Our numerical results demonstrate the superior accuracy of our method compared to existing approaches.In particular,it effectively handles systems with longrange interactions and leverages GPU efficiency without requiring singular value decomposition,indicating great potential in tackling statistical mechanics problems and simulating high-dimensional complex systems through both tensor networks and neural networks.展开更多
The zero-strain spinel Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)stands out as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its outstanding cycling stability.However,the limited theoretic specific capacity,low Li^(+) diffusion...The zero-strain spinel Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)stands out as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its outstanding cycling stability.However,the limited theoretic specific capacity,low Li^(+) diffusion coefficient and electronic conductivity severely hinder its practical application.In this study,we demonstrate a strategy of introducing abundant oxygen vacancies not only on the surface and but also inside the bulk of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)particles via reductive thermal sintering.The oxygen vacancies can significantly enhance the electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12),leading to a remarkable improvement in rate performance and a reduction in polarization.Moreover,additional lithium-ion accommodation sites can be created at the defective surface,contributing to a high specific capacity of over 200 mAh g^(-1).展开更多
文摘Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for POB,synthesizing current evidence on surgical techniques,perioperative management,and postoperative interventions.Effective prevention strategies include the use of regional vessel wrapping,optimal pancreatic anastomosis,and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis.Postoperative management strategies,such as early detection using predictive models and advanced imaging,along with endovascular interventions like angiographic embolization and stent graft placement,are essential for timely intervention.Risk factors,including pancreatic texture,anticoagulation therapy,and patient comorbidities,further influence bleeding outcomes.The minireview also identifies gaps in current research and emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to establish standardized protocols.Overall,a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise,predictive analytics,and personalized care is essential to improving patient out comes and minimizing the risk of POB following PD.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109003)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515011391)+1 种基金Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province(No.2017B030301013)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen.
文摘Understanding the proton dynamic behavior in inorganic materials has long been a topic of intense fascination[1],especially in the field of electrochemical energy storage[2].One of the examples is the research of proton transport in transition metal oxides,which dates back to 1971[3]when RuO_(2) was discovered to be capable of storing protons via reversible redox reactions[4].In aqueous electrolytes,the thin film RuO_(2) electrode exhibits a surface pseudocapacitive behavior[5],which could be modified by the structural water in its hydrated form due to the facile Grotthuss hopping mode of protons along the established hydrogen bonds inside the bulk phase[6].Soon later,Goodenough et al.reported the capacitor-like behavior of amorphous MnO_(2)·xH_(2)O electrode in an aqueous KCl electrolyte[7],and further studies on the hydrated MnO_(2) electrodes prepared by sol-gel processes have soon discovered that the intercalation of protons from aqueous electrolytes plays an indispensable role in the charge storage mechanism[8].In recent years,the research interest on rechargeable aqueous batteries has fueled the renaissance of mechanistic study of proton transport in transition metal oxides[9],which can operate as cathodes or anodes via a topotactic insertion mechanism similar to that in Li-ion batteries[10].However,due to the challenges for experimental detection of local chemical environments of the inserted protons,a comprehensive understanding of proton dynamic behavior in these electrodes remains largely lacking.
基金Funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.51978439,52278269,52278268,and 52108238)the Tianjin Outstanding Young Scholars Science Fund Project(No.22JCJQJC00020)the State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials Open Foundation(No.2021GBM08)。
文摘We examined the enhancing effects of different dosages of product of Centrifugation of Bacterial Liquid(product of CBL)on the performance of slag-fGD gypsum-cement-bentonite-sludge system using MICP technology.We analyzed the multifaceted performance of the solidified sludge from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.The experimental results reveal that the increase in product of CBL dosage results in positive impacts on the solidified sludge,including higher side compressive strength,lower leachate heavy metal concentration,and improved crack repair rates.At a 0.4%product of CBL doping concentration,the strength of the solidified sludge is enhanced by 26.6%at 3 d,61.2%at 7 d,and 13.9%at 28 d when compared to the unmodified solidified sludge.After 28 days,the concentrations of Zn and Cu ions reduce by 58%and 18%,respectively,and the crack repair rate is 58.4%.These results demonstrate that the increase in heavy metal concentration in the leachate leads to an increase in the strength of the solidified sludge.The strengthening procedure heavily relies on the mineralisation reaction of Bacillus pasteurii,which produces a substantial amount of CaCO_(3)to cement the particles and fill the pores initially.The modified solidifying sludge exhibits a self-repairing effect and an enhanced multifaceted performance as a result of oxygen being restored after crack formation and reactivation of Bacillus pasteurii.Such conditions facilitate the body's recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2054,21905007)the Key Discipline of Materials Science and Engineering,Bureau of Education of Guangzhou(Grant No.202255464).
文摘The bismuth-telluride-based alloy is the only thermoelectric material commercialized for the applications of refrigeration and energy harvesting,but its low cost-effectiveness severely restricts its large-scale ap-plication.The introduction of a porous structure in bulk thermoelectric materials has been theoretically proven to effectively reduce thermal conductivity and cost.However,the electrical properties of highly porous materials are considerably suppressed due to the strong carrier scattering at the interface be-tween the matrix and pores,ultimately leading to decreased figure of merit,ZT.Here,we use an atomic layer deposition strategy to introduce some hollow glass bubbles with nano-oxide layers into commercial Bi_(0.5)Sb_(1.5)Te_(3)for preparing high-performance porous thermoelectric materials.Experimental results indi-cate that the nano-oxide layers weaken carrier scattering at the interface between pores and matrix while maintaining high-strength phonon scattering,thereby optimizing carrier/phonon transport behaviors,and effectively increasing the ZT by 23.2%(from 0.99 to 1.22 at 350 K).Besides,our strategy has excellent universality confirmed by its effectiveness in improving the ZT of Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3),therefore demonstrating great potential for developing low-cost and high-performance thermoelectric materials.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U21A6001,42261144687,42175173)the Project supported by Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.SML2023SP208)the GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515240036).
文摘Based on the C-Coupler platform,the semi-unstructured Climate System Model,Synthesis Community Integrated Model version 2(SYCIM2.0),has been developed at the School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University.SYCIM2.0 aims to meet the demand for seamless climate prediction through accurate climate simulations and projections.This paper provides an overview of SYCIM2.0 and highlights its key features,especially the coupling of an unstructured ocean model and the tuning process.An extensive evaluation of its performance,focusing on the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM),is presented based on long-term simulations with fixed external forcing.The results suggest that after nearly 240 years of integration,SYCIM2.0 achieves a quasi-equilibrium state,albeit with small trends in the net radiation flux at the top-of-atmosphere(TOA)and Earth’s surface,as well as with global mean near-surface temperatures.Compared to observational and reanalysis data,the model realistically simulates spatial patterns of sea surface temperature(SST)and precipitation centers to include their annual cycles,in addition to the lower-level wind fields in the EASM region.However,it exhibits a weakened and eastward-shifted Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH),resulting in an associated precipitation bias.SYCIM2.0 robustly captures the dominant mode of the EASM and its close relationship with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)but exhibits relatively poor performance in simulating the second leading mode and the associated air–sea interaction processes.Further comprehensive evaluations of SYCIM2.0 will be conducted in future studies.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4603803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12374295).
文摘Zirconium alloys are critical materials in nuclear engineering due to their exceptional irradiation resistance and corrosion stability.However,prolonged exposure to extreme operational environments,including a high radiation,mechanical stress,and corrosive media,induces surface degradation mechanisms including stress corrosion cracking and erosion from impurity particle impacts,necessitating advanced surface treatments to improve hardness and corrosion resistance.We explore the application of laser shock peening(LSP)to enhance the surface properties of the Zr4 alloy.Experimental analyses reveal substantial microstructural modifications upon the LSP.The surface grain refinement achieved a maximum reduction of 52.7%in average grain size(from 22.88 to 10.8μm^(2)),accompanied by an increase of 59%in hardness(204 to 326 HV).Additionally,a compressive residual stress layer(approximately-100 MPa)was generated on the treated surface,which reduces the risk of stress corrosion cracking.To elucidate the mechanistic basis of these improvements,a multiscale computational framework was developed,integrating finite-element models for macroscale stress field evolution and molecular dynamics simulations for nanoscale dislocation dynamics.By incorporating the strain rate as a critical variable,this framework bridges microstructure evolution with macroscopic mechanical enhancements.The simulations not only elucidated the dynamic interplay between shockwave-induced plastic deformation and property improvements but also exhibited a good consistency with experimental residual stress profiles.Notably,we propose the application of strain rate-driven multiscale modeling in LSP research for Zr alloys,providing a predictive method to optimize laser parameters for a tailored surface strengthening.This study not only confirms that LSP is a feasible strategy capable of effectively enhancing the comprehensive surface properties of Zr alloys and extending their service life in nuclear environments,but also provides a reliable simulation methodology in the field of laser surface engineering of alloy materials.
基金supported by the Scientific and technological key project in Henan Province 22210224002the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University B2021-38.
文摘The service life of internal combustion engines is significantly influenced by surface defects in cylinder liners.To address the limitations of traditional detection methods,we propose an enhanced YOLOv8 model with Swin Transformer as the backbone network.This approach leverages Swin Transformer's multi-head self-attention mechanism for improved feature extraction of defects spanning various scales.Integrated with the YOLOv8 detection head,our model achieves a mean average precision of 85.1%on our dataset,outperforming baseline methods by 1.4%.The model's effectiveness is further demonstrated on a steel-surface defect dataset,indicating its broad applicability in industrial surface defect detection.Our work highlights the potential of combining Swin Transformer and YOLOv8 for accurate and efficient defect detection.
基金supported by Projects 12325501,12047503,and 12247104 of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject ZDRW-XX-2022-3-02 of the Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology project 2021ZD0301900。
文摘Computing free energy is a fundamental problem in statistical physics.Recently,two distinct methods have been developed and have demonstrated remarkable success:the tensor-network-based contraction method and the neural-network-based variational method.Tensor networks are accurate,but their application is often limited to low-dimensional systems due to the high computational complexity in high-dimensional systems.The neural network method applies to systems with general topology.However,as a variational method,it is not as accurate as tensor networks.In this work,we propose an integrated approach,tensor-network-based variational autoregressive networks(TNVAN),that leverages the strengths of both tensor networks and neural networks:combining the variational autoregressive neural network’s ability to compute an upper bound on free energy and perform unbiased sampling from the variational distribution with the tensor network’s power to accurately compute the partition function for small sub-systems,resulting in a robust method for precisely estimating free energy.To evaluate the proposed approach,we conducted numerical experiments on spin glass systems with various topologies,including two-dimensional lattices,fully connected graphs,and random graphs.Our numerical results demonstrate the superior accuracy of our method compared to existing approaches.In particular,it effectively handles systems with longrange interactions and leverages GPU efficiency without requiring singular value decomposition,indicating great potential in tackling statistical mechanics problems and simulating high-dimensional complex systems through both tensor networks and neural networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102200)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen,Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021B1515130002)+1 种基金International Joint Research Center for Electric Vehicle Power Battery and Materials(No.2015B01015)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Design and Calculation of New Energy Materials(No.2017B030301013).
文摘The zero-strain spinel Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)stands out as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its outstanding cycling stability.However,the limited theoretic specific capacity,low Li^(+) diffusion coefficient and electronic conductivity severely hinder its practical application.In this study,we demonstrate a strategy of introducing abundant oxygen vacancies not only on the surface and but also inside the bulk of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)particles via reductive thermal sintering.The oxygen vacancies can significantly enhance the electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12),leading to a remarkable improvement in rate performance and a reduction in polarization.Moreover,additional lithium-ion accommodation sites can be created at the defective surface,contributing to a high specific capacity of over 200 mAh g^(-1).
