Polygonati Rhizoma,a functional food and a traditional Chinese medicine broadly used in China and several Southeast Asia countries,possesses effective health-promoting activities.Prepared from 3 plants in Polygonatum ...Polygonati Rhizoma,a functional food and a traditional Chinese medicine broadly used in China and several Southeast Asia countries,possesses effective health-promoting activities.Prepared from 3 plants in Polygonatum genus(Polygonatum kingianum,Polygonatum sibiricum,and Polygonatum cyrtonema),Polygonati Rhizoma has drawn increasing attention due to its remarkable immune-enhancing and metabolic regulatory activities in recent years.In this review,we summarized the updated research of chemical constituents and biological activities of Polygonati Rhizoma,especially the metabolic regulation,immunomodulatory effects,and anti-fatigue activities,aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding,broaden the usage and promote more in-depth exploration of Polygonati Rhizoma as a functional food.展开更多
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly familial and heritable endocrine disorder. Over half of the daughters born to women with PCOS may eventually develop their own PCOS-related symptoms. Progress in the treatm...Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly familial and heritable endocrine disorder. Over half of the daughters born to women with PCOS may eventually develop their own PCOS-related symptoms. Progress in the treatment of PCOS is currently hindered by the complexity of its clinical manifestations and incomplete knowledge of its etiopathogenesis. Various animal models, including experimentally induced, naturally occurring, and spontaneously arising ones, have been established to emulate a wide range of phenotypical and pathological traits of human PCOS. These studies have led to a paradigm shift in understanding the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary origins of this disorder. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that animal models are useful in evaluating state-of-the-art drugs and treatments for PCOS. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies of PCOS in animal models, highlighting the power of these disease models in understanding the biology of PCOS and aiding high-throughput approaches.展开更多
Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors c...Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors consume less power,but lack the capability to resolve static stimuli.Here,we address this issue by utilizing the unique polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers for the first time and propose a new type of bioinspired,passive,and bio-friendly tactile sensors for resolving both static and dynamic stimuli.Specifically,to emulate the polarization process of natural sensory cells,conjugated polymers(including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen e):poly(styrenesulfonate),polyaniline,or polypyrrole)are controllably polarized into two opposite states to create artificial potential differences.The controllable and reversible polarization process of the conjugated polymers is fully in situ characterized.Then,a micro-structured ionic electrolyte is employed to imitate the natural ion channels and to encode external touch stimulations into the variation in potential difference outputs.Compared with the currently existing tactile sensing devices,the developed tactile sensors feature distinct characteristics including fully organic composition,high sensitivity(up to 773 mV N^(−1)),ultralow power consumption(nW),as well as superior bio-friendliness.As demonstrations,both single point tactile perception(surface texture perception and material property perception)and two-dimensional tactile recognitions(shape or profile perception)with high accuracy are successfully realized using self-defined machine learning algorithms.This tactile sensing concept innovation based on the polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers opens up a new path to create robotic tactile sensors and prosthetic electronic skins.展开更多
Previous studies on the mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury(PNI)have mainly focused on the pathophysiological changes within a single injury site.However,recent studies have indicated that within the central nervous...Previous studies on the mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury(PNI)have mainly focused on the pathophysiological changes within a single injury site.However,recent studies have indicated that within the central nervous system,PNI can lead to changes in both injury sites and target organs at the cellular and molecular levels.Therefore,the basic mechanisms of PNI have not been comprehensively understood.Although electrical stimulation was found to promote axonal regeneration and functional rehabilitation after PNI,as well as to alleviate neuropathic pain,the specific mechanisms of successful PNI treatment are unclear.We summarize and discuss the basic mechanisms of PNI and of treatment via electrical stimulation.After PNI,activity in the central nervous system(spinal cord)is altered,which can limit regeneration of the damaged nerve.For example,cell apoptosis and synaptic stripping in the anterior horn of the spinal cord can reduce the speed of nerve regeneration.The pathological changes in the posterior horn of the spinal cord can modulate sensory abnormalities after PNI.This can be observed in cases of ectopic discharge of the dorsal root ganglion leading to increased pain signal transmission.The injured site of the peripheral nerve is also an important factor affecting post-PNI repair.After PNI,the proximal end of the injured site sends out axial buds to innervate both the skin and muscle at the injury site.A slow speed of axon regeneration leads to low nerve regeneration.Therefore,it can take a long time for the proximal nerve to reinnervate the skin and muscle at the injured site.From the perspective of target organs,long-term denervation can cause atrophy of the corresponding skeletal muscle,which leads to abnormal sensory perception and hyperalgesia,and finally,the loss of target organ function.The mechanisms underlying the use of electrical stimulation to treat PNI include the inhibition of synaptic stripping,addressing the excessive excitability of the dorsal root ganglion,alleviating neuropathic pain,improving neurological function,and accelerating nerve regeneration.Electrical stimulation of target organs can reduce the atrophy of denervated skeletal muscle and promote the recovery of sensory function.Findings from the included studies confirm that after PNI,a series of physiological and pathological changes occur in the spinal cord,injury site,and target organs,leading to dysfunction.Electrical stimulation may address the pathophysiological changes mentioned above,thus promoting nerve regeneration and ameliorating dysfunction.展开更多
[Objectives]Epimedium brevicornu Maxim is a well-known plant having the concomitant function of both medicine and foodstuff with the bioactivity of anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protection.It has important ther...[Objectives]Epimedium brevicornu Maxim is a well-known plant having the concomitant function of both medicine and foodstuff with the bioactivity of anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protection.It has important therapeutic effects and health benefits for various chronic diseases.This study aimed to analyze the studies on E.brevicornu Maxim from 2003 to 2022 with bibliometric analysis.[Methods]Publications related to E.brevicornu Maxim was retrieved in Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)from January 1,2003 to November 19,2022,and analyzed in Microsoft Excle,CiteSpace,and VOSviewer.[Results]In total,1317 documents were extracted from the WoSCC database.The growth rate of the publications showed a rapid increase from 2017.China provided the most documents,and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Fudan University and Chinese Academy of Sciences contributed more papers.Wang Ying from Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive author,and the Journal of Ethnopharmacology was the most co-cited journal.The words"icariin","activation","oxidative stress","apoptosis","proliferation","osteogenic differentiation"and"flavonoid"were frequently occurred in the abstract and title of articles.Cluster analysis of keywords demonstrated"hippocampal neuron","efficient production","liquid extraction","bone regeneration"and"leukemia cell growth"were the hot topics from 2003 to 2022.The focus of the research has changed from the liquid extraction of flavonoids to the inflammatory response and metabolism,while cognitive deficit has emerged as a recent research hotspot.[Conclusions]The research on E.brevicornu Maxim has been expanding,and more studies are related to signaling pathways and metabolism diseases.展开更多
Hot corrosion in molten salt is a complex process,involving both chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion.Interfacial reactions and oxide dissolution can also impact the corrosion results.Compared with single ...Hot corrosion in molten salt is a complex process,involving both chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion.Interfacial reactions and oxide dissolution can also impact the corrosion results.Compared with single component/type salt,multicomponent/type hot corrosion leads to more severe degradation,while the multi-component alloys offer potential chances for developing anti-corrosion metallic materials.In this study,we aim to elucidate the hot corrosion behavior and gain a better understanding of the corrosion mechanism of the multi-component alloys under multi-component/type NaCl-KCl-Na_(2)SO_(4)salt.The corrosion behavior of dual-phaseNi_(36)Fe_(34)Al_(17)Cr_(10)Mo_(1)Ti_(2)(HEA-1)and Ni_(34)Co_(25)Fe_(12)Al_(15)Cr_(12)W_(2)(HEA-2)alloys was studied within NaCl-KCl-Na_(2)SO_(4)molten salt with mass ratios of 5:5:1 and 5:5:2.After exposure to the salt at 650°C for 168 h,it was found that the Ni_(34)Co_(25)Fe_(12)Al_(15)Cr_(12)W_(2)exhibited better corrosion resistance thanNi_(36)Fe_(34)Al_(17)Cr_(10)Mo_(1)Ti_(2).The improved performance of Ni_(30)Co_(25)Fe_(12)Al_(15)Cr_(12)W_(2)alloy was attributed to the Co element,which facilitated the formation of dense oxides scale and enhanced scale adhesion.Alkali chlorides with stronger penetration ability dominated the corrosion process and alkali sulfate further aggravated the corrosion.The primary corrosion mechanisms involved in this process were identified as“electrochemical mechanism”attacking the body-centered cubic structure in the alloys and“active oxidation”causing dissolution of the alloy elements.展开更多
Broad-spectrum resistance(BSR)reduces pathogen-related yield losses in crops such as rice(Oryza sativa).To achieve BSR,traditional breeding has focused on the time-intensive process of incorporating resistance(R)genes...Broad-spectrum resistance(BSR)reduces pathogen-related yield losses in crops such as rice(Oryza sativa).To achieve BSR,traditional breeding has focused on the time-intensive process of incorporating resistance(R)genes into elite germplasm.Now,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing makes it possible to modify susceptibility(S)genes to rapidly achieve BSR in rice.However,identifying S genes remains challenging.Here,we analyzed transcriptome data and determined that OsJAC1,encoding a mannosebinding jacalin-related lectin,is significantly induced upon infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.To explore the role of OsJAC1 in BSR in rice,we generated OsJAC1 overexpression and knockout mutant lines in the rice ZH11(Zhonghua 11)background and performed pathogen inoculation assays,revealing that OsJAC1 negatively regulates resistance against M.oryzae and the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae.Further evidence of defense responses,such as a reactive oxygen species burst,defense-related gene expression,and MAPK phosphorylation,also supports the role of OsJAC1 as a negative regulator of plant immunity.To further validate the function of OsJAC1,we knocked out OsJAC1 in the Nipponbare(NPB)background.The resulting NPB-osjac1^(cas9)plants showed enhanced defense responses and resistance against M.oryzae.Notably,the osjac1 mutants did not compromise agronomic traits in the ZH11 or NPB background.Hence,OsJAC1 could be regarded as an S gene and could serve as a potential target in rice breeding programs,providing valuable insights for crop improvement.展开更多
Distributed Integrated Modular Avionics(DIMA)develops from Integrated Modular Avionics(IMA)and realizes distributed integration of multiple sub-function areas.Timetriggered network provides effective support for time ...Distributed Integrated Modular Avionics(DIMA)develops from Integrated Modular Avionics(IMA)and realizes distributed integration of multiple sub-function areas.Timetriggered network provides effective support for time synchronization and information coordination in DIMA systems.However,inconsistency between processing resources and communication network destroys the time determinism benefiting from partitions and time-triggered mechanism.To ensure such time determinism and achieve guaranteed real-time performance,system design should collectively provide a global communication scheme for messages in network domain and a corresponding execution scheme for partitions in processing domain.This paper firstly establishes a general DIMA model which coordinates partitioned processing and time-triggered communication,and then proposes a hybrid scheduling algorithm using Mixed Integer Programming to produce feasible system schemes.Furthermore,incrementally integrating new functions causes upgrades or reconfigurations of DIMA systems and will generate integration cost.To control such cost,this paper further develops an optimization algorithm based on Maximum Satisfiability Problem and guarantees that the scheduling design for upgraded DIMA systems inherit their original schemes as much as possible.Finally,two typical cases,including a simple fully connected DIMA system case and an industrial DIMA system case,are constructed to illustrate our DIMA model and validate the effectiveness of our hybrid scheduling algorithms.展开更多
Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)have been shown to have therapeutic effects in experimental periodontitis,their drawbacks,such as low yield and limited efficacy,have hampered their clinical ap...Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)have been shown to have therapeutic effects in experimental periodontitis,their drawbacks,such as low yield and limited efficacy,have hampered their clinical application.These drawbacks can be largely reduced by replacing the traditional 2D culture system with a 3D system.However,the potential function of MSC-exos produced by 3D culture(3D-exos)in periodontitis remains elusive.This study showed that compared with MSC-exos generated via 2D culture(2D-exos),3D-exos showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects in a ligature-induced model of periodontitis by restoring the reactive T helper 17(Th17)cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontal tissues.Mechanistically,3D-exos exhibited greater enrichment of miR-1246,which can suppress the expression of Nfat5,a key factor that mediates Th17 cell polarization in a sequence-dependent manner.Furthermore,we found that recovery of the Th17 cell/Treg balance in the inflamed periodontium by the local injection of 3D-exos attenuated experimental colitis.Our study not only showed that by restoring the Th17 cell/Treg balance through the miR-1246/Nfat5 axis,the 3D culture system improved the function of MSC-exos in the treatment of periodontitis,but also it provided a basis for treating inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)by restoring immune responses in the inflamed periodontium.展开更多
It has been almost 50 years since the term“brain–computer interface”(BCI)was first proposed by Jacques J.Vidal in 1973[1].Unlike traditional electronic interfaces that transmit nonliving information between devices...It has been almost 50 years since the term“brain–computer interface”(BCI)was first proposed by Jacques J.Vidal in 1973[1].Unlike traditional electronic interfaces that transmit nonliving information between devices,BCIs set up a communication bridge between a living brain and nonliving devices.Technically speaking,a BCI is a system that measures brain activity and converts it into the artificial outputs that replace,restore,enhance,supplement,or improve the natural central nervous system outputs[2].At present,electroencephalography(EEG)is the most commonly used brain signal for BCIs.展开更多
基金funded by Scientific and Technological Research Project and Technology Innovation Platform Project of Huibei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2025AFD345 and 2024CSA071)grant from Huanggang Science and Technology Bureau(ZDZX20240008)。
文摘Polygonati Rhizoma,a functional food and a traditional Chinese medicine broadly used in China and several Southeast Asia countries,possesses effective health-promoting activities.Prepared from 3 plants in Polygonatum genus(Polygonatum kingianum,Polygonatum sibiricum,and Polygonatum cyrtonema),Polygonati Rhizoma has drawn increasing attention due to its remarkable immune-enhancing and metabolic regulatory activities in recent years.In this review,we summarized the updated research of chemical constituents and biological activities of Polygonati Rhizoma,especially the metabolic regulation,immunomodulatory effects,and anti-fatigue activities,aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding,broaden the usage and promote more in-depth exploration of Polygonati Rhizoma as a functional food.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2700403 and 2018YFA0800102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871249 and 31871452).
文摘Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly familial and heritable endocrine disorder. Over half of the daughters born to women with PCOS may eventually develop their own PCOS-related symptoms. Progress in the treatment of PCOS is currently hindered by the complexity of its clinical manifestations and incomplete knowledge of its etiopathogenesis. Various animal models, including experimentally induced, naturally occurring, and spontaneously arising ones, have been established to emulate a wide range of phenotypical and pathological traits of human PCOS. These studies have led to a paradigm shift in understanding the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary origins of this disorder. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that animal models are useful in evaluating state-of-the-art drugs and treatments for PCOS. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies of PCOS in animal models, highlighting the power of these disease models in understanding the biology of PCOS and aiding high-throughput approaches.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFS0025 and 2024YFFK0133)supported by the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.”。
文摘Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors consume less power,but lack the capability to resolve static stimuli.Here,we address this issue by utilizing the unique polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers for the first time and propose a new type of bioinspired,passive,and bio-friendly tactile sensors for resolving both static and dynamic stimuli.Specifically,to emulate the polarization process of natural sensory cells,conjugated polymers(including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen e):poly(styrenesulfonate),polyaniline,or polypyrrole)are controllably polarized into two opposite states to create artificial potential differences.The controllable and reversible polarization process of the conjugated polymers is fully in situ characterized.Then,a micro-structured ionic electrolyte is employed to imitate the natural ion channels and to encode external touch stimulations into the variation in potential difference outputs.Compared with the currently existing tactile sensing devices,the developed tactile sensors feature distinct characteristics including fully organic composition,high sensitivity(up to 773 mV N^(−1)),ultralow power consumption(nW),as well as superior bio-friendliness.As demonstrations,both single point tactile perception(surface texture perception and material property perception)and two-dimensional tactile recognitions(shape or profile perception)with high accuracy are successfully realized using self-defined machine learning algorithms.This tactile sensing concept innovation based on the polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers opens up a new path to create robotic tactile sensors and prosthetic electronic skins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81801787(to XZS)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2018M640238(to XZS)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,No.20JCQNJC01690(XLC).
文摘Previous studies on the mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury(PNI)have mainly focused on the pathophysiological changes within a single injury site.However,recent studies have indicated that within the central nervous system,PNI can lead to changes in both injury sites and target organs at the cellular and molecular levels.Therefore,the basic mechanisms of PNI have not been comprehensively understood.Although electrical stimulation was found to promote axonal regeneration and functional rehabilitation after PNI,as well as to alleviate neuropathic pain,the specific mechanisms of successful PNI treatment are unclear.We summarize and discuss the basic mechanisms of PNI and of treatment via electrical stimulation.After PNI,activity in the central nervous system(spinal cord)is altered,which can limit regeneration of the damaged nerve.For example,cell apoptosis and synaptic stripping in the anterior horn of the spinal cord can reduce the speed of nerve regeneration.The pathological changes in the posterior horn of the spinal cord can modulate sensory abnormalities after PNI.This can be observed in cases of ectopic discharge of the dorsal root ganglion leading to increased pain signal transmission.The injured site of the peripheral nerve is also an important factor affecting post-PNI repair.After PNI,the proximal end of the injured site sends out axial buds to innervate both the skin and muscle at the injury site.A slow speed of axon regeneration leads to low nerve regeneration.Therefore,it can take a long time for the proximal nerve to reinnervate the skin and muscle at the injured site.From the perspective of target organs,long-term denervation can cause atrophy of the corresponding skeletal muscle,which leads to abnormal sensory perception and hyperalgesia,and finally,the loss of target organ function.The mechanisms underlying the use of electrical stimulation to treat PNI include the inhibition of synaptic stripping,addressing the excessive excitability of the dorsal root ganglion,alleviating neuropathic pain,improving neurological function,and accelerating nerve regeneration.Electrical stimulation of target organs can reduce the atrophy of denervated skeletal muscle and promote the recovery of sensory function.Findings from the included studies confirm that after PNI,a series of physiological and pathological changes occur in the spinal cord,injury site,and target organs,leading to dysfunction.Electrical stimulation may address the pathophysiological changes mentioned above,thus promoting nerve regeneration and ameliorating dysfunction.
基金Supported by The Scientific Research Program(B2021234)from Hubei Provincial Department of EducationKey Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BCE013)+2 种基金Open fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization(202303302)Scientific Research Foundation for Advanced Talents(2042021040)from Huanggang Normal UniversityChinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control-Chinese Hepatitis B Research Fund(YGFK20220019).
文摘[Objectives]Epimedium brevicornu Maxim is a well-known plant having the concomitant function of both medicine and foodstuff with the bioactivity of anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protection.It has important therapeutic effects and health benefits for various chronic diseases.This study aimed to analyze the studies on E.brevicornu Maxim from 2003 to 2022 with bibliometric analysis.[Methods]Publications related to E.brevicornu Maxim was retrieved in Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)from January 1,2003 to November 19,2022,and analyzed in Microsoft Excle,CiteSpace,and VOSviewer.[Results]In total,1317 documents were extracted from the WoSCC database.The growth rate of the publications showed a rapid increase from 2017.China provided the most documents,and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Fudan University and Chinese Academy of Sciences contributed more papers.Wang Ying from Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive author,and the Journal of Ethnopharmacology was the most co-cited journal.The words"icariin","activation","oxidative stress","apoptosis","proliferation","osteogenic differentiation"and"flavonoid"were frequently occurred in the abstract and title of articles.Cluster analysis of keywords demonstrated"hippocampal neuron","efficient production","liquid extraction","bone regeneration"and"leukemia cell growth"were the hot topics from 2003 to 2022.The focus of the research has changed from the liquid extraction of flavonoids to the inflammatory response and metabolism,while cognitive deficit has emerged as a recent research hotspot.[Conclusions]The research on E.brevicornu Maxim has been expanding,and more studies are related to signaling pathways and metabolism diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874245)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022JC-28).
文摘Hot corrosion in molten salt is a complex process,involving both chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion.Interfacial reactions and oxide dissolution can also impact the corrosion results.Compared with single component/type salt,multicomponent/type hot corrosion leads to more severe degradation,while the multi-component alloys offer potential chances for developing anti-corrosion metallic materials.In this study,we aim to elucidate the hot corrosion behavior and gain a better understanding of the corrosion mechanism of the multi-component alloys under multi-component/type NaCl-KCl-Na_(2)SO_(4)salt.The corrosion behavior of dual-phaseNi_(36)Fe_(34)Al_(17)Cr_(10)Mo_(1)Ti_(2)(HEA-1)and Ni_(34)Co_(25)Fe_(12)Al_(15)Cr_(12)W_(2)(HEA-2)alloys was studied within NaCl-KCl-Na_(2)SO_(4)molten salt with mass ratios of 5:5:1 and 5:5:2.After exposure to the salt at 650°C for 168 h,it was found that the Ni_(34)Co_(25)Fe_(12)Al_(15)Cr_(12)W_(2)exhibited better corrosion resistance thanNi_(36)Fe_(34)Al_(17)Cr_(10)Mo_(1)Ti_(2).The improved performance of Ni_(30)Co_(25)Fe_(12)Al_(15)Cr_(12)W_(2)alloy was attributed to the Co element,which facilitated the formation of dense oxides scale and enhanced scale adhesion.Alkali chlorides with stronger penetration ability dominated the corrosion process and alkali sulfate further aggravated the corrosion.The primary corrosion mechanisms involved in this process were identified as“electrochemical mechanism”attacking the body-centered cubic structure in the alloys and“active oxidation”causing dissolution of the alloy elements.
基金supported by the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-CSCB-202301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272505 and 32161143009)to Yuese Ning+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372141)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733827)to Hui Tao.
文摘Broad-spectrum resistance(BSR)reduces pathogen-related yield losses in crops such as rice(Oryza sativa).To achieve BSR,traditional breeding has focused on the time-intensive process of incorporating resistance(R)genes into elite germplasm.Now,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing makes it possible to modify susceptibility(S)genes to rapidly achieve BSR in rice.However,identifying S genes remains challenging.Here,we analyzed transcriptome data and determined that OsJAC1,encoding a mannosebinding jacalin-related lectin,is significantly induced upon infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.To explore the role of OsJAC1 in BSR in rice,we generated OsJAC1 overexpression and knockout mutant lines in the rice ZH11(Zhonghua 11)background and performed pathogen inoculation assays,revealing that OsJAC1 negatively regulates resistance against M.oryzae and the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae.Further evidence of defense responses,such as a reactive oxygen species burst,defense-related gene expression,and MAPK phosphorylation,also supports the role of OsJAC1 as a negative regulator of plant immunity.To further validate the function of OsJAC1,we knocked out OsJAC1 in the Nipponbare(NPB)background.The resulting NPB-osjac1^(cas9)plants showed enhanced defense responses and resistance against M.oryzae.Notably,the osjac1 mutants did not compromise agronomic traits in the ZH11 or NPB background.Hence,OsJAC1 could be regarded as an S gene and could serve as a potential target in rice breeding programs,providing valuable insights for crop improvement.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71701020)the Defense Research Field Foundation of China(No.61403120404)the Civil Aircraft Airworthiness and Maintenance Key Laboratory Fund of Civil Aviation University of China(No.2017SW02).
文摘Distributed Integrated Modular Avionics(DIMA)develops from Integrated Modular Avionics(IMA)and realizes distributed integration of multiple sub-function areas.Timetriggered network provides effective support for time synchronization and information coordination in DIMA systems.However,inconsistency between processing resources and communication network destroys the time determinism benefiting from partitions and time-triggered mechanism.To ensure such time determinism and achieve guaranteed real-time performance,system design should collectively provide a global communication scheme for messages in network domain and a corresponding execution scheme for partitions in processing domain.This paper firstly establishes a general DIMA model which coordinates partitioned processing and time-triggered communication,and then proposes a hybrid scheduling algorithm using Mixed Integer Programming to produce feasible system schemes.Furthermore,incrementally integrating new functions causes upgrades or reconfigurations of DIMA systems and will generate integration cost.To control such cost,this paper further develops an optimization algorithm based on Maximum Satisfiability Problem and guarantees that the scheduling design for upgraded DIMA systems inherit their original schemes as much as possible.Finally,two typical cases,including a simple fully connected DIMA system case and an industrial DIMA system case,are constructed to illustrate our DIMA model and validate the effectiveness of our hybrid scheduling algorithms.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81873713,81700959 and 81873829)the International Cooperation Project of Science and Technology in Guangdong Province(Grant No.2016B050502008)the Natural Science Foundation of the Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ2019ZR-ZY64(Z)).
文摘Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)have been shown to have therapeutic effects in experimental periodontitis,their drawbacks,such as low yield and limited efficacy,have hampered their clinical application.These drawbacks can be largely reduced by replacing the traditional 2D culture system with a 3D system.However,the potential function of MSC-exos produced by 3D culture(3D-exos)in periodontitis remains elusive.This study showed that compared with MSC-exos generated via 2D culture(2D-exos),3D-exos showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects in a ligature-induced model of periodontitis by restoring the reactive T helper 17(Th17)cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontal tissues.Mechanistically,3D-exos exhibited greater enrichment of miR-1246,which can suppress the expression of Nfat5,a key factor that mediates Th17 cell polarization in a sequence-dependent manner.Furthermore,we found that recovery of the Th17 cell/Treg balance in the inflamed periodontium by the local injection of 3D-exos attenuated experimental colitis.Our study not only showed that by restoring the Th17 cell/Treg balance through the miR-1246/Nfat5 axis,the 3D culture system improved the function of MSC-exos in the treatment of periodontitis,but also it provided a basis for treating inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)by restoring immune responses in the inflamed periodontium.
基金We appreciate the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB1300300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62122059,81925020,61976152,and 81630051)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(2018QNRC001).
文摘It has been almost 50 years since the term“brain–computer interface”(BCI)was first proposed by Jacques J.Vidal in 1973[1].Unlike traditional electronic interfaces that transmit nonliving information between devices,BCIs set up a communication bridge between a living brain and nonliving devices.Technically speaking,a BCI is a system that measures brain activity and converts it into the artificial outputs that replace,restore,enhance,supplement,or improve the natural central nervous system outputs[2].At present,electroencephalography(EEG)is the most commonly used brain signal for BCIs.
