Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are a group of compounds widespread in the environment.To investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of PAEs,surface water samples were collected from the Three Gorges Reserv...Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are a group of compounds widespread in the environment.To investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of PAEs,surface water samples were collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China.The total concentrations of∑_(11)analyzed PAEs(11PAEs)in the collected water samples ranging from 197.7 to 1,409.3 ng/L(mean±IQR:583.1±308.4 ng/L).While DEHP was the most frequently detected PAE,DnBP and DnNP were the most predominant PAEs in the analyzed water samples with a mean contribution of 63.3%of the∑_(11)PAEs.The concentrations of the∑_(11)PAEs in the water samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were significantly higher than those from themiddle reaches.To better understand the transport and fate of the PAEs,seven detected PAEs were modeled by Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction(QWASI).The simulated and measured values were close for most PAEs,and differences are within one order of magnitude even for the worst one.For all simulated PAEs,water and particle inflow were main sources in the reservoir,whereas water outflow and degradation in water were important removal pathways.The contribution ratios of different sources/losses varied fromPAEs,depending on their properties.The calculated risk quotients of DnNP in the Three Gorges Reservoir area whether based onmonitoring or simulating results were all far exceeded the safety threshold value,implying the occurrence of this PAE compound may cause potential adverse effects for the aquatic ecology of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.展开更多
Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,an...Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,and nurses owing to their advantages of convenient carrying,a long maintenance period,low complications,and a high quality of life for patients.Currently,medical personnel that handle TIAP implantation and management in China are from different areas of healthcare,including surgery,internal medicine,radiology,nurse anesthesia,vascular access,etc.,and many only handle TIAP as a part of their duties.Therefore,the operating procedures and steps for the diagnosis and treatment of complications of TIAP vary from person to person,resulting in different incidence and treatment methods for complications in the implantation and use of TIAP in different medical units.Based on this,we have updated the Shanghai expert consensus on TIAPs from 2015 and explored the diagnosis and treatment procedures of related complications while continuing to emphasize standardized implantation and maintenance.展开更多
The influence of NH4+ions on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated by immersion test,hydrogen evolution,electrochemical methods and morphology observation.The results demonstrate the accelera...The influence of NH4+ions on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated by immersion test,hydrogen evolution,electrochemical methods and morphology observation.The results demonstrate the acceleration effect of NH4+on corrosion of AZ31 magnesium alloy due to the disruption of protective MgO film in NH4+-containing solution.The loose and cracked corrosion products of AZ31 magnesium alloy in NH4+-containing solutions are mainly composed of(Mg0.833Al0.167)(OH)2(CO3)0.083·0.75H2O and Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O.When the NH4+concentration is lower than 0.01 M,knife-cut like corrosion occurs in some active area of the surface due to the partial dissolution of MgO layer.As the NH4+concentration is increased to 0.1 M,the MgO layer is completely disrupted,resulting in the occurrence of uniform corrosion.Both cathodic and anodic reactions are accelerated by NH4+ions,while the effect of original pH values on the reaction kinetics can be neglected in NH4+-containing solutions.展开更多
Ultra-Wide Bandwidth(UWB)localization based on time of arrival(TOA)and angle of arrival(AOA)has attracted increasing interest owing to its high accuracy and low cost.However,existing localization methods often fail to...Ultra-Wide Bandwidth(UWB)localization based on time of arrival(TOA)and angle of arrival(AOA)has attracted increasing interest owing to its high accuracy and low cost.However,existing localization methods often fail to achieve satisfactory accuracy in realistic environments due to multipath effects and non-line-of-sight(NLOS)propagation.In this paper,we propose a passive anchor assisted localization(PAAL)scheme,where the active anchor obtains TOA/AOA measurements to the agent while the passive anchors capture the signals from the active anchor and agent.The proposed method fully exploits the time-difference-of-arrival(TDOA)information from the measurements at the passive anchors to complement single-anchor joint TOA/AOA localization.The performance limits of the PAAL system are derived as a benchmark via the information inequality.Moreover,we implement the PAAL system on a low-cost UWB platform,which can achieve 20 cm localization accuracy in NLOS environments.展开更多
Transgenic cotton was modified to express a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） to combat agriculturally important Lepidopteran pests. Elevated CO2 is expected to further alter the chemical c...Transgenic cotton was modified to express a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） to combat agriculturally important Lepidopteran pests. Elevated CO2 is expected to further alter the chemical composition of the plant, and this change may affect the role soil fauna plays in decomposition of Bt plants. A 3 months litterbag field study, consisting of four treatments using leaves from Bt cotton and near-isolines of non-Bt cotton grown under ambient and elevated CO2 levels, was conducted to investigate the abundance and community structure of soil Collembola that developed on the decaying leaf material. A total of 4,884 collembolans, including 13 genera of five families, were extracted in the present study. These results suggest that collembolan distribution was relatively uniform among the Bt cotton, elevated concentration of CO2 and control treatments, except for a significant difference in the densities of Onychiurus and Folsomides. No significant effects were detected in the decomposition rate between the two cotton varieties and two CO2 treatments. These findings indicated that transgenic Bt cotton plants and elevated CO2 do not have any adverse effect on the soil collembolans through the decomposition way in soil ecosystem.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation Fund of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(No.ZX2023QT003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22306130)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2022ZB789)the Ecological Environment Research Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.2022014).
文摘Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are a group of compounds widespread in the environment.To investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of PAEs,surface water samples were collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China.The total concentrations of∑_(11)analyzed PAEs(11PAEs)in the collected water samples ranging from 197.7 to 1,409.3 ng/L(mean±IQR:583.1±308.4 ng/L).While DEHP was the most frequently detected PAE,DnBP and DnNP were the most predominant PAEs in the analyzed water samples with a mean contribution of 63.3%of the∑_(11)PAEs.The concentrations of the∑_(11)PAEs in the water samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were significantly higher than those from themiddle reaches.To better understand the transport and fate of the PAEs,seven detected PAEs were modeled by Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction(QWASI).The simulated and measured values were close for most PAEs,and differences are within one order of magnitude even for the worst one.For all simulated PAEs,water and particle inflow were main sources in the reservoir,whereas water outflow and degradation in water were important removal pathways.The contribution ratios of different sources/losses varied fromPAEs,depending on their properties.The calculated risk quotients of DnNP in the Three Gorges Reservoir area whether based onmonitoring or simulating results were all far exceeded the safety threshold value,implying the occurrence of this PAE compound may cause potential adverse effects for the aquatic ecology of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
文摘Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,and nurses owing to their advantages of convenient carrying,a long maintenance period,low complications,and a high quality of life for patients.Currently,medical personnel that handle TIAP implantation and management in China are from different areas of healthcare,including surgery,internal medicine,radiology,nurse anesthesia,vascular access,etc.,and many only handle TIAP as a part of their duties.Therefore,the operating procedures and steps for the diagnosis and treatment of complications of TIAP vary from person to person,resulting in different incidence and treatment methods for complications in the implantation and use of TIAP in different medical units.Based on this,we have updated the Shanghai expert consensus on TIAPs from 2015 and explored the diagnosis and treatment procedures of related complications while continuing to emphasize standardized implantation and maintenance.
基金the financial support of Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges in Shandong Province(No.DC2000000891)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51701102 and 51601182).
文摘The influence of NH4+ions on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated by immersion test,hydrogen evolution,electrochemical methods and morphology observation.The results demonstrate the acceleration effect of NH4+on corrosion of AZ31 magnesium alloy due to the disruption of protective MgO film in NH4+-containing solution.The loose and cracked corrosion products of AZ31 magnesium alloy in NH4+-containing solutions are mainly composed of(Mg0.833Al0.167)(OH)2(CO3)0.083·0.75H2O and Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O.When the NH4+concentration is lower than 0.01 M,knife-cut like corrosion occurs in some active area of the surface due to the partial dissolution of MgO layer.As the NH4+concentration is increased to 0.1 M,the MgO layer is completely disrupted,resulting in the occurrence of uniform corrosion.Both cathodic and anodic reactions are accelerated by NH4+ions,while the effect of original pH values on the reaction kinetics can be neglected in NH4+-containing solutions.
文摘Ultra-Wide Bandwidth(UWB)localization based on time of arrival(TOA)and angle of arrival(AOA)has attracted increasing interest owing to its high accuracy and low cost.However,existing localization methods often fail to achieve satisfactory accuracy in realistic environments due to multipath effects and non-line-of-sight(NLOS)propagation.In this paper,we propose a passive anchor assisted localization(PAAL)scheme,where the active anchor obtains TOA/AOA measurements to the agent while the passive anchors capture the signals from the active anchor and agent.The proposed method fully exploits the time-difference-of-arrival(TDOA)information from the measurements at the passive anchors to complement single-anchor joint TOA/AOA localization.The performance limits of the PAAL system are derived as a benchmark via the information inequality.Moreover,we implement the PAAL system on a low-cost UWB platform,which can achieve 20 cm localization accuracy in NLOS environments.
文摘Transgenic cotton was modified to express a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） to combat agriculturally important Lepidopteran pests. Elevated CO2 is expected to further alter the chemical composition of the plant, and this change may affect the role soil fauna plays in decomposition of Bt plants. A 3 months litterbag field study, consisting of four treatments using leaves from Bt cotton and near-isolines of non-Bt cotton grown under ambient and elevated CO2 levels, was conducted to investigate the abundance and community structure of soil Collembola that developed on the decaying leaf material. A total of 4,884 collembolans, including 13 genera of five families, were extracted in the present study. These results suggest that collembolan distribution was relatively uniform among the Bt cotton, elevated concentration of CO2 and control treatments, except for a significant difference in the densities of Onychiurus and Folsomides. No significant effects were detected in the decomposition rate between the two cotton varieties and two CO2 treatments. These findings indicated that transgenic Bt cotton plants and elevated CO2 do not have any adverse effect on the soil collembolans through the decomposition way in soil ecosystem.
