Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global public health,especially for Enterobacterales.In this study,we investigated the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacterales in children i...Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global public health,especially for Enterobacterales.In this study,we investigated the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacterales in children in the China Antimicro-bial Surveillance Network(CHINET)in 2015-2021.In total,81,681 strains isolated from children were collected in this period,accounting for 50.1%of Gram-negative organisms.The most frequently isolated Enterobacterales were Escheri-chia coli,Klebsiella spp.,Salmonella spp.,and Enterobacter spp.The main sources of the isolates were urine and the res-piratory tract,accounting for 29.3%and 27.7%of isolates,respectively.The proportions of E.coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Proteus mirabilis expressing extended-spectrumβ-lactamase were 48.8%-57.6%,49.3%-66.7%,and 23.1%-33.8%,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales was 5.7%-9.5%,which showed a decreasing trend from 2015 to 2021.The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella spp.,carbapenem-resistant Enterobac-ter spp.,and carbapenem-resistant E.coli were 14.1%-22.6%,7.1%-15.7%and 2.0%-3.4%,respectively.In Enterobac-terales,the resistance rates to ciprofloxacin were higher than to levofloxacin.However,the Enterobacterales strains were highly susceptible to amikacin,polymyxin B,and tigecycline.The resistance rate of Salmonella spp.to ampicillin was>70%,whereas their resistance rate to ceftriaxone was<30%.These findings indicate that the resistant rates of some Enterobacterales isolates in children to common antimicrobial agents show decreasing trends.Continu-ous monitoring of bacterial resistance should be strengthened to prevent and control the spread of drug-resistant bacteria.展开更多
Background:Neuroimaging-based connectome studies have indicated that major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with dis-rupted topological organization of large-scale brain networks.However,the disruptions and their...Background:Neuroimaging-based connectome studies have indicated that major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with dis-rupted topological organization of large-scale brain networks.However,the disruptions and their clinical and cognitive relevance are not well established for morphological brain networks in adolescent MDD.Objective:To investigate the topological alterations of single-subject morphological brain networks in adolescent MDD.Methods:Twenty-five first-episode,treatment-naive adolescents with MDD and 19 healthy controls(HCs)underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of neuropsychological tests.Single-subject morphological brain networks were constructed separately based on cortical thickness,fractal dimension,gyrification index,and sulcus depth,and topologically characterized by graph-based approaches.Between-group differences were inferred by permutation testing.For significant alterations,partial correla-tions were used to examine their associations with clinical and neuropsychological variables in the patients.Finally,a support vector machine was used to classify the patients from controls.Results:Compared with the HCs,the patients exhibited topological alterations only in cortical thickness-based networks character-ized by higher nodal centralities in parietal(left primary sensory cortex)but lower nodal centralities in temporal(left parabelt complex,right perirhinal ectorhinal cortex,right area PHT and right ventral visual complex)regions.Moreover,decreased nodal centralities of some temporal regions were correlated with cognitive dysfunction and clinical characteristics of the patients.These results were largely reproducible for binary and weighted network analyses.Finally,topological properties of the cortical thickness-based net-works were able to distinguish the MDD adolescents from HCs with 87.6%accuracy.Conclusion:Adolescent MDD is associated with disrupted topological organization of morphological brain networks,and the disrup-tions provide potential biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the disease.展开更多
基金supported by the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network(Independent Medical Grants from Pfizer,2020QD049)the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network(Independent Medical Grants from Pfizer,2018QD100)+2 种基金Shanghai Antimicrobial Surveillance Network(3030231003)development of high sensitivity multipathogen-specific antibody detection kit(grant numbers 21S31901900)Shanghai"Rising Stars of Medical Talents"Youth Development Program(Youth Medical Talents-Clinical Laboratory Practitioner Program).
文摘Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global public health,especially for Enterobacterales.In this study,we investigated the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacterales in children in the China Antimicro-bial Surveillance Network(CHINET)in 2015-2021.In total,81,681 strains isolated from children were collected in this period,accounting for 50.1%of Gram-negative organisms.The most frequently isolated Enterobacterales were Escheri-chia coli,Klebsiella spp.,Salmonella spp.,and Enterobacter spp.The main sources of the isolates were urine and the res-piratory tract,accounting for 29.3%and 27.7%of isolates,respectively.The proportions of E.coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Proteus mirabilis expressing extended-spectrumβ-lactamase were 48.8%-57.6%,49.3%-66.7%,and 23.1%-33.8%,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales was 5.7%-9.5%,which showed a decreasing trend from 2015 to 2021.The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella spp.,carbapenem-resistant Enterobac-ter spp.,and carbapenem-resistant E.coli were 14.1%-22.6%,7.1%-15.7%and 2.0%-3.4%,respectively.In Enterobac-terales,the resistance rates to ciprofloxacin were higher than to levofloxacin.However,the Enterobacterales strains were highly susceptible to amikacin,polymyxin B,and tigecycline.The resistance rate of Salmonella spp.to ampicillin was>70%,whereas their resistance rate to ceftriaxone was<30%.These findings indicate that the resistant rates of some Enterobacterales isolates in children to common antimicrobial agents show decreasing trends.Continu-ous monitoring of bacterial resistance should be strengthened to prevent and control the spread of drug-resistant bacteria.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No.2019B030335001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81922036)+1 种基金Key Realm R&D Program of Guangzhou (No.202007030005)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515010746).
文摘Background:Neuroimaging-based connectome studies have indicated that major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with dis-rupted topological organization of large-scale brain networks.However,the disruptions and their clinical and cognitive relevance are not well established for morphological brain networks in adolescent MDD.Objective:To investigate the topological alterations of single-subject morphological brain networks in adolescent MDD.Methods:Twenty-five first-episode,treatment-naive adolescents with MDD and 19 healthy controls(HCs)underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of neuropsychological tests.Single-subject morphological brain networks were constructed separately based on cortical thickness,fractal dimension,gyrification index,and sulcus depth,and topologically characterized by graph-based approaches.Between-group differences were inferred by permutation testing.For significant alterations,partial correla-tions were used to examine their associations with clinical and neuropsychological variables in the patients.Finally,a support vector machine was used to classify the patients from controls.Results:Compared with the HCs,the patients exhibited topological alterations only in cortical thickness-based networks character-ized by higher nodal centralities in parietal(left primary sensory cortex)but lower nodal centralities in temporal(left parabelt complex,right perirhinal ectorhinal cortex,right area PHT and right ventral visual complex)regions.Moreover,decreased nodal centralities of some temporal regions were correlated with cognitive dysfunction and clinical characteristics of the patients.These results were largely reproducible for binary and weighted network analyses.Finally,topological properties of the cortical thickness-based net-works were able to distinguish the MDD adolescents from HCs with 87.6%accuracy.Conclusion:Adolescent MDD is associated with disrupted topological organization of morphological brain networks,and the disrup-tions provide potential biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the disease.
