Graphene quantum dots(GQDs)are a class of promising carbon-based nanomaterials that have attracted considerable interest from researchers due to their excellent physical,chemical,and biological properties.However,the ...Graphene quantum dots(GQDs)are a class of promising carbon-based nanomaterials that have attracted considerable interest from researchers due to their excellent physical,chemical,and biological properties.However,the high cost,toxicity,and laborious preparation process of GQDs also limit their widespread use.To address this issue,the actual research directions consist in replacing traditional non-renewable feedstocks via screening cheap,easily available,and renewable biomass materials based on the concept of resource conservation and environmental friendliness.Herein,the state-of-the-art technologies in the green preparation of GQDs using biomass as carbon source are reported.Initially,the green synthesis strategies as well as the structural,optical,and biosafety properties of GQDs are discussed in detail.Subsequently,the most representative applications of GQDs in energy and environmental remediation fields are summarized.Finally,the current challenges and future potential of the GQDs are presented.展开更多
Algae are potential feedstock for the production of bioenergy and valuable chemicals.After the extraction of specific value-added products,algal residues can be further conve rted into biogas,biofuel,and biochar throu...Algae are potential feedstock for the production of bioenergy and valuable chemicals.After the extraction of specific value-added products,algal residues can be further conve rted into biogas,biofuel,and biochar through various thermochemical treatments such as conventional pyrolysis,microwave pyrolysis,hydrothermal conversion,and torrefaction.The compositions and physicochemical characteristics of algal biochar that dete rmine the subsequent applications are compre hensively discussed.Algal biochar carbonized at high-temperature showed remarkable performance for use as supercapacitors,CO_(2) adsorbents,and persulfate activation,due to its graphitic carbon structure,high electron transport,and specific surface area.The algal biochar produced by pyrolysis at mode rate-temperature exhibits high performance for adsorption of pollutants due to combination of miscellaneous functional groups and po rous structures,whereas coal fuel can be obtained fro m algae via torrefaction by pyrolysis at relatively low-tempe rature.The aim of this review is to study the production of algal biochar in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly method and to reduce the environmental pollution associated with bioenergy generation.achieving zero emission enerev production.展开更多
Apple early defoliation disease poses a serious threat to the sustainability of global apple production,causing substantial yield losses and reduced fruit quality.Chemical fungicides remain the primary means of diseas...Apple early defoliation disease poses a serious threat to the sustainability of global apple production,causing substantial yield losses and reduced fruit quality.Chemical fungicides remain the primary means of disease control;however,their excessive use leads to environmental pollution and food safety concerns.Here,we identified a pathogen-induced tRNA-derived small RNA(tsRVal)that targets the disease-resistance gene Malus domestica TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1(MdTIR-1),thereby modulating apple susceptibility to early defoliation disease.To suppress tsRVal accumulation,we designed an artificial miRNA(si-tsRVal)and loaded it onto Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)to form stable spherical complexes(MNP-si-tsRVal).The MNP system efficiently delivered si-tsRVal plasmids into apple leaf cells via foliar spraying,as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analyses and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.In both potted seedlings and field-grown trees,plants treated with MNP-EV exhibited severe leaf drop,whereas MNP-si-tsRVal–treated plants retained healthy foliage and vigor.Collectively,these results demonstrate that MNP-si-tsRVal enhances resistance to early defoliation disease,providing durable protection and a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicide application.展开更多
基金supported by the following funding:National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070057 and 51961165104)Project of a Thousand Youth Talents(No.AUGA2160100917)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.2019DX09)。
文摘Graphene quantum dots(GQDs)are a class of promising carbon-based nanomaterials that have attracted considerable interest from researchers due to their excellent physical,chemical,and biological properties.However,the high cost,toxicity,and laborious preparation process of GQDs also limit their widespread use.To address this issue,the actual research directions consist in replacing traditional non-renewable feedstocks via screening cheap,easily available,and renewable biomass materials based on the concept of resource conservation and environmental friendliness.Herein,the state-of-the-art technologies in the green preparation of GQDs using biomass as carbon source are reported.Initially,the green synthesis strategies as well as the structural,optical,and biosafety properties of GQDs are discussed in detail.Subsequently,the most representative applications of GQDs in energy and environmental remediation fields are summarized.Finally,the current challenges and future potential of the GQDs are presented.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51961165104)the Project of Thousand Youth Talents。
文摘Algae are potential feedstock for the production of bioenergy and valuable chemicals.After the extraction of specific value-added products,algal residues can be further conve rted into biogas,biofuel,and biochar through various thermochemical treatments such as conventional pyrolysis,microwave pyrolysis,hydrothermal conversion,and torrefaction.The compositions and physicochemical characteristics of algal biochar that dete rmine the subsequent applications are compre hensively discussed.Algal biochar carbonized at high-temperature showed remarkable performance for use as supercapacitors,CO_(2) adsorbents,and persulfate activation,due to its graphitic carbon structure,high electron transport,and specific surface area.The algal biochar produced by pyrolysis at mode rate-temperature exhibits high performance for adsorption of pollutants due to combination of miscellaneous functional groups and po rous structures,whereas coal fuel can be obtained fro m algae via torrefaction by pyrolysis at relatively low-tempe rature.The aim of this review is to study the production of algal biochar in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly method and to reduce the environmental pollution associated with bioenergy generation.achieving zero emission enerev production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFF1003102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.32272640 and 32341040).
文摘Apple early defoliation disease poses a serious threat to the sustainability of global apple production,causing substantial yield losses and reduced fruit quality.Chemical fungicides remain the primary means of disease control;however,their excessive use leads to environmental pollution and food safety concerns.Here,we identified a pathogen-induced tRNA-derived small RNA(tsRVal)that targets the disease-resistance gene Malus domestica TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1(MdTIR-1),thereby modulating apple susceptibility to early defoliation disease.To suppress tsRVal accumulation,we designed an artificial miRNA(si-tsRVal)and loaded it onto Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)to form stable spherical complexes(MNP-si-tsRVal).The MNP system efficiently delivered si-tsRVal plasmids into apple leaf cells via foliar spraying,as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analyses and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.In both potted seedlings and field-grown trees,plants treated with MNP-EV exhibited severe leaf drop,whereas MNP-si-tsRVal–treated plants retained healthy foliage and vigor.Collectively,these results demonstrate that MNP-si-tsRVal enhances resistance to early defoliation disease,providing durable protection and a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicide application.
