Based on the current status of educational inequality between urban and rural areas in China,this study transcends the traditional resource-centered perspective to examine the latent roles of cultural and social capit...Based on the current status of educational inequality between urban and rural areas in China,this study transcends the traditional resource-centered perspective to examine the latent roles of cultural and social capital in the distribution of educational opportunities.The research finds that institutional arrangements,family cultural accumulation,social networks,and digital literacy collectively constitute the latent structure of urban-rural educational inequality,determining the access to and conversion efficiency of educational opportunities.Cultural capital influences students’educational adaptability through cognitive abilities,learning habits,and the accumulation of educational resources,while social capital expands educational opportunities through information access and social support.Their interaction exacerbates urban-rural disparities.The study further suggests that achieving educational equity requires a multidimensional coordinated strategy encompassing institutional restructuring,cultural empowerment,social capital development,and digital empowerment,providing both theoretical guidance and practical pathways for policy formulation and educational practice.展开更多
Graphene,as star versatile materials having extraordinarily high electric conductivity,electron mobility,thermal conductivity,thermal stability,optical transparency,and mechanical strength,has attracted much attention...Graphene,as star versatile materials having extraordinarily high electric conductivity,electron mobility,thermal conductivity,thermal stability,optical transparency,and mechanical strength,has attracted much attention from scientists and engineers in the field of materials,chemistry,physics,energy,and environment in the last decade and achieved fruitful accomplishment.This review discusses preparation strategies,functionality,characterization,and applications for two dimensional nanosheet and quasi-onedimensional nanoribbon of graphene through direct exfoliation of graphite,chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbon,laser-induced direct synthesis of graphene,laser etched graphene oxide in the dry state without the use of toxic reducing agent hydrazine,unzipping carbon nanotube,and polycondensation of polycyclic aromatics on the basis of 178 representative references mostly in 2015.The stabilization of graphene oxide prepared in chemical preparation in " top-down" is emphasized.Several vital classic methods of characterizing molecular structure,C/O ratio,defect,morphology,single-or few-layered( 2 to 10 layers) structure,porous and hollow structures,including Raman spectroscopy,AFM,SEM,TEM,STM,electron diffraction,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are systematically introduced.Because graphene possesses novel incomparable multifunctionalities,its versatile applications as novel conducting additives,reinforcing filler,separation membrane,sensor,anticorrosive coating,catalyst,electromagnetic shield,lubricant,and flexible electrode materials in electrochemical and electronic devices,including photovoltaic cells,supercapacitors,rechargeable batteries,sensors,field effect transistors,light emitting diodes,separation membranes,adsorbents and absorbents,catalysts,electro-optic modulator,terahertz emitter and detector,and semiconductors,have been mentioned.Especially in the aspect of both high performance and cost-effectiveness,graphene is expected to be even superior to the expensive carbon nanotubes.展开更多
The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial p...The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial probiotic proper‑ties to protect yaks from intestinal diseases.After 16S rDNA matching,four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum(A4),Pediococcus pentosaceus(A3.4 and A1.2),and Pediococcus acidilactici(B1.9)were isolated from the intestinal tissues and content of healthy yaks.The results indicated that A4 was more tolerant to bile salt(0.3%),while A3.4 had better stability in an acidic(pH=3.0)environment.The results of the antibacterial activity test suggested that the isolates inhibited most pathogenic bacteria by up to 20%,except for A3.4,which inhibited Pasteurella and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 20%.Moreover,the results of the antioxidant test demonstrated that A4 and A3.4 had potent antioxidant activity.In addition,the drug sensitivity test revealed that the isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics.In terms of safety,the isolates promoted growth,enhanced intestinal development,and protected the intestinal barrier without causing any adverse effects.In conclusion,LAB isolated from yak intestinal contents are potential probiotics with excellent antibacterial properties.展开更多
Saccharomyces cerevisiae,a widely utilized model organism,has seen continuous updates to its genome-scale metabolic model(GEM)to enhance the prediction performance for metabolic engineering and systems biology.This st...Saccharomyces cerevisiae,a widely utilized model organism,has seen continuous updates to its genome-scale metabolic model(GEM)to enhance the prediction performance for metabolic engineering and systems biology.This study presents an auxotrophy-based curation of the yeast GEM,enabling facile upgrades to yeast GEMs in future endeavors.We illustrated that the curation bolstered the predictive capability of the yeast GEM particularly in predicting auxotrophs without compromising accuracy in other simulations,and thus could be an effective manner for GEM refinement.Last,we leveraged the curated yeast GEM to systematically predict auxotrophs,thereby furnishing a valuable reference for the design of nutrient-dependent cell factories and synthetic yeast consortia.展开更多
Over the last 15 years,genome-scale metabolic models(GEMs)have been reconstructed for human and model animals,such as mouse and rat,to systematically understand metabolism,simulate multicellular or multi-tissue interp...Over the last 15 years,genome-scale metabolic models(GEMs)have been reconstructed for human and model animals,such as mouse and rat,to systematically understand metabolism,simulate multicellular or multi-tissue interplay,understand human diseases,and guide cell factory design for biopharmaceutical protein production.Here,we describe how metabolic networks can be represented using stoichiometric matrices and well-defined constraints for flux simulation.Then,we review the history of GEM development for quantitative understanding of Homo sapiens and other relevant animals,together with their applications.We describe how model develops from H.sapiens to other animals and from generic purpose to precise context-specific simulation.The progress of GEMs for animals greatly expand our systematic understanding of metabolism in human and related animals.We discuss the difficulties and present perspectives on the GEM development and the quest to integrate more biological processes and omics data for future research and translation.We truly hope that this review can inspire new models developed for other mammalian organisms and generate new algorithms for integrating big data to conduct more in-depth analysis to further make progress on human health and biopharmaceutical engineering.展开更多
Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 is a non-fluorescent denitrifying bacteria that belongs to the gram-negative bacterial group.As a prominent strain in the fields of agriculture and bioengineering,there is still a lack of co...Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 is a non-fluorescent denitrifying bacteria that belongs to the gram-negative bacterial group.As a prominent strain in the fields of agriculture and bioengineering,there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its metabolic capabilities,specifically in terms of central metabolism and substrate utilization.Therefore,further exploration and extensive studies are required to gain a detailed insight into these aspects.This study reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic network model for P.stutzeri A1501 and conducted extensive curations,including correcting energy generation cycles,respiratory chains,and biomass composition.The final model,iQY1018,was successfully developed,covering more genes and reactions and having higher prediction accuracy compared with the previously published model iPB890.The substrate utilization ability of 71 carbon sources was investigated by BIOLOG experiment and was utilized to validate the model quality.The model prediction accuracy of substrate utilization for P.stutzeri A1501 reached 90%.The model analysis revealed its new ability in central metabolism and predicted that the strain is a suitable chassis for the production of Acetyl CoA-derived products.This work provides an updated,high-quality model of P.stutzeri A1501for further research and will further enhance our understanding of the metabolic capabilities.展开更多
文摘Based on the current status of educational inequality between urban and rural areas in China,this study transcends the traditional resource-centered perspective to examine the latent roles of cultural and social capital in the distribution of educational opportunities.The research finds that institutional arrangements,family cultural accumulation,social networks,and digital literacy collectively constitute the latent structure of urban-rural educational inequality,determining the access to and conversion efficiency of educational opportunities.Cultural capital influences students’educational adaptability through cognitive abilities,learning habits,and the accumulation of educational resources,while social capital expands educational opportunities through information access and social support.Their interaction exacerbates urban-rural disparities.The study further suggests that achieving educational equity requires a multidimensional coordinated strategy encompassing institutional restructuring,cultural empowerment,social capital development,and digital empowerment,providing both theoretical guidance and practical pathways for policy formulation and educational practice.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51273148)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(Tongji University),China(Grant No.PCRRY14003)
文摘Graphene,as star versatile materials having extraordinarily high electric conductivity,electron mobility,thermal conductivity,thermal stability,optical transparency,and mechanical strength,has attracted much attention from scientists and engineers in the field of materials,chemistry,physics,energy,and environment in the last decade and achieved fruitful accomplishment.This review discusses preparation strategies,functionality,characterization,and applications for two dimensional nanosheet and quasi-onedimensional nanoribbon of graphene through direct exfoliation of graphite,chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbon,laser-induced direct synthesis of graphene,laser etched graphene oxide in the dry state without the use of toxic reducing agent hydrazine,unzipping carbon nanotube,and polycondensation of polycyclic aromatics on the basis of 178 representative references mostly in 2015.The stabilization of graphene oxide prepared in chemical preparation in " top-down" is emphasized.Several vital classic methods of characterizing molecular structure,C/O ratio,defect,morphology,single-or few-layered( 2 to 10 layers) structure,porous and hollow structures,including Raman spectroscopy,AFM,SEM,TEM,STM,electron diffraction,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are systematically introduced.Because graphene possesses novel incomparable multifunctionalities,its versatile applications as novel conducting additives,reinforcing filler,separation membrane,sensor,anticorrosive coating,catalyst,electromagnetic shield,lubricant,and flexible electrode materials in electrochemical and electronic devices,including photovoltaic cells,supercapacitors,rechargeable batteries,sensors,field effect transistors,light emitting diodes,separation membranes,adsorbents and absorbents,catalysts,electro-optic modulator,terahertz emitter and detector,and semiconductors,have been mentioned.Especially in the aspect of both high performance and cost-effectiveness,graphene is expected to be even superior to the expensive carbon nanotubes.
基金supported by the Key Project of Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202001ZY0044NXZ202101ZD0002N-05).
文摘The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial probiotic proper‑ties to protect yaks from intestinal diseases.After 16S rDNA matching,four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum(A4),Pediococcus pentosaceus(A3.4 and A1.2),and Pediococcus acidilactici(B1.9)were isolated from the intestinal tissues and content of healthy yaks.The results indicated that A4 was more tolerant to bile salt(0.3%),while A3.4 had better stability in an acidic(pH=3.0)environment.The results of the antibacterial activity test suggested that the isolates inhibited most pathogenic bacteria by up to 20%,except for A3.4,which inhibited Pasteurella and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 20%.Moreover,the results of the antioxidant test demonstrated that A4 and A3.4 had potent antioxidant activity.In addition,the drug sensitivity test revealed that the isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics.In terms of safety,the isolates promoted growth,enhanced intestinal development,and protected the intestinal barrier without causing any adverse effects.In conclusion,LAB isolated from yak intestinal contents are potential probiotics with excellent antibacterial properties.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA0913900)the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(A2303026)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KJZD20230923114415032).
文摘Saccharomyces cerevisiae,a widely utilized model organism,has seen continuous updates to its genome-scale metabolic model(GEM)to enhance the prediction performance for metabolic engineering and systems biology.This study presents an auxotrophy-based curation of the yeast GEM,enabling facile upgrades to yeast GEMs in future endeavors.We illustrated that the curation bolstered the predictive capability of the yeast GEM particularly in predicting auxotrophs without compromising accuracy in other simulations,and thus could be an effective manner for GEM refinement.Last,we leveraged the curated yeast GEM to systematically predict auxotrophs,thereby furnishing a valuable reference for the design of nutrient-dependent cell factories and synthetic yeast consortia.
基金Shenzhen Scienceand Technology Innovation Commission,Grant/Award Number:KCXFZ20201221173207022National Natural Science Foundation of China,key program,Next Generation Corynebacterium Glutamate Cell Factory System Creation Technology,Grant/Award Number:21938004Department of Chemical Engineering-i BHE special cooperation joint fund project,Grant/Award Number:DCE-iBHE-2023-1。
文摘Over the last 15 years,genome-scale metabolic models(GEMs)have been reconstructed for human and model animals,such as mouse and rat,to systematically understand metabolism,simulate multicellular or multi-tissue interplay,understand human diseases,and guide cell factory design for biopharmaceutical protein production.Here,we describe how metabolic networks can be represented using stoichiometric matrices and well-defined constraints for flux simulation.Then,we review the history of GEM development for quantitative understanding of Homo sapiens and other relevant animals,together with their applications.We describe how model develops from H.sapiens to other animals and from generic purpose to precise context-specific simulation.The progress of GEMs for animals greatly expand our systematic understanding of metabolism in human and related animals.We discuss the difficulties and present perspectives on the GEM development and the quest to integrate more biological processes and omics data for future research and translation.We truly hope that this review can inspire new models developed for other mammalian organisms and generate new algorithms for integrating big data to conduct more in-depth analysis to further make progress on human health and biopharmaceutical engineering.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0901400)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0480000)+1 种基金Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Projects(TSBICIP-PTJS-001)Ministry of Science of China and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(292023000018).
文摘Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 is a non-fluorescent denitrifying bacteria that belongs to the gram-negative bacterial group.As a prominent strain in the fields of agriculture and bioengineering,there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its metabolic capabilities,specifically in terms of central metabolism and substrate utilization.Therefore,further exploration and extensive studies are required to gain a detailed insight into these aspects.This study reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic network model for P.stutzeri A1501 and conducted extensive curations,including correcting energy generation cycles,respiratory chains,and biomass composition.The final model,iQY1018,was successfully developed,covering more genes and reactions and having higher prediction accuracy compared with the previously published model iPB890.The substrate utilization ability of 71 carbon sources was investigated by BIOLOG experiment and was utilized to validate the model quality.The model prediction accuracy of substrate utilization for P.stutzeri A1501 reached 90%.The model analysis revealed its new ability in central metabolism and predicted that the strain is a suitable chassis for the production of Acetyl CoA-derived products.This work provides an updated,high-quality model of P.stutzeri A1501for further research and will further enhance our understanding of the metabolic capabilities.
