We propose a method to measure the flatness of an object with a petal-like pattern generated by the interference of the measured orbital angular momentum(OAM)beam and the reference OAM beam which carries the opposite ...We propose a method to measure the flatness of an object with a petal-like pattern generated by the interference of the measured orbital angular momentum(OAM)beam and the reference OAM beam which carries the opposite OAM state.By calculating the difference between the petal rotation angle without/with the object,the thickness information of the object,and then the flatness information,can be evaluated.Furthermore,the direction of the object’s flatness can be determined by the petal’s clockwise/counterclockwise rotation.We theoretically analyze the relationship between the object’s thickness and petal rotation angle,and verify the proposed method by experiment.The experimental results show that the proposed method is a high precision flatness measurement and can obtain the convex/concave property of the flatness.For the 1.02 mm glass sample,the mean deviation of the flatness is 1.357×10^(-8) and the variance is 0.242×10^(-16).For the 0.50 mm glass sample,the mean deviation of the flatness is 1.931×10^(-8) and the variance is 2.405×10^(-16).Two different topological charges are adopted for the 2.00 mm glass sample,and their flatness deviations are 0.239×10^(-8)(ℓ=1)and 0.246×10^(-8)(ℓ=2),where their variances are 0.799×10^(-18)(ℓ=1)and 0.775×10^(-18)(ℓ=2),respectively.It is shown that the flatness measured by the proposed method is the same for the same sample when different topological charges are used.All results indicate that the proposed method may provide a high flatness measurement,and will be a promising way to measure the flatness.展开更多
This study,based on the current status and challenges of medical graduate education,explores innovative pathways for the coordinated development of research and clinical training under a dual-track integration model.B...This study,based on the current status and challenges of medical graduate education,explores innovative pathways for the coordinated development of research and clinical training under a dual-track integration model.By analyzing survey data and integrating cutting-edge educational concepts,a series of specific reform recommendations is proposed.The aim is to promote the upgrading and innovation of medical graduate training models,facilitate the integration of clinical practice and research,and provide strong support for the comprehensive development of medical graduates.展开更多
ABSTRACT:Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may affect the neurodevelopment of children,but biomonitoring-based population studies on this class of new pollutants are lacking.We conducted a prospective birth cohort ...ABSTRACT:Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may affect the neurodevelopment of children,but biomonitoring-based population studies on this class of new pollutants are lacking.We conducted a prospective birth cohort study of 2860 mother−child pairs,measured the urinary concentrations of 41 antibiotics and their two metabolites over three trimesters,and assessed children’s autism spectrum disorder(ASD)symptoms at 3 years of age.We examined the associations between prenatal antibiotic exposure and children’s ASD symptoms.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression screened for Tetracycline and Ofloxacin as important predictors of ASD symptoms.Modified Poisson regression models revealed that maternal Tetracycline exposure throughout pregnancy increased the risk of ASD symptoms(RR:1.66,95%CI:1.14,2.40).Maternal Tetracycline exposure during the first(RR:1.74,95%CI:1.13,2.68)and third trimesters(RR:1.86,95%CI:1.16,3.00)increased the risk of ASD symptoms in boys,and Ofloxacin exposure during the first trimester(RR:1.47,95%CI:1.07,2.02)increased the risk of ASD symptoms in girls.No dose-dependent relationships between prenatal antibiotic exposure and ASD symptoms were validated by restricted cubic splines.Prenatal exposure to Tetracycline and Ofloxacin may increase the risk of ASD symptoms in children,and the first and third trimesters might be the key windows.展开更多
Archaea,one of the three domains of life along with Bacteria and Eukarya,contains ancient life forms such as methanogen that are observed today on Earth,and one lineage Asgard archaea is also considered the closest an...Archaea,one of the three domains of life along with Bacteria and Eukarya,contains ancient life forms such as methanogen that are observed today on Earth,and one lineage Asgard archaea is also considered the closest ancestor of Eukarya.Recently,with the development of interdisciplinary studies from Earth and Life sciences,archaeal organisms are considered to play pivotal roles in geochemical cycling in nature.However,our understanding of the attributes,origin and evolution,geochemical and ecological functions of Archaea is hampered by the scarcity of archaeal isolates,which has represented a challenge to researchers for the last 40 years.Cultivation-independent sequencing and phylogenomic analyses have demonstrated a considerable diversity of Archaea with more than 20 novel phyla.However,only four archaeal phyla have cultured representatives,leaving large gaps in our knowledge of the metabolic capabilities and ecological functions of the majority of archaeal strains identified exclusively by DNA sequencing.In this review,we summarize the discovery and development of archaeal research,highlight the knowledge gap between uncultured and cultured archaeal microbes,and call on the importance of devoting greater research efforts to archaeal cultivation.Finally,we outlined new ideas and strategic approaches,namely,(1)genome-based methods,(2)microbial network information-based methods,(3)genome-scale model-guided methods,and(4)machine learning methods,to enable the cultivation of uncultivated archaeal microbes using accumulated high-throughput sequencing data.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62375140)the Open Research Fund of National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures(Grant No.M36055).
文摘We propose a method to measure the flatness of an object with a petal-like pattern generated by the interference of the measured orbital angular momentum(OAM)beam and the reference OAM beam which carries the opposite OAM state.By calculating the difference between the petal rotation angle without/with the object,the thickness information of the object,and then the flatness information,can be evaluated.Furthermore,the direction of the object’s flatness can be determined by the petal’s clockwise/counterclockwise rotation.We theoretically analyze the relationship between the object’s thickness and petal rotation angle,and verify the proposed method by experiment.The experimental results show that the proposed method is a high precision flatness measurement and can obtain the convex/concave property of the flatness.For the 1.02 mm glass sample,the mean deviation of the flatness is 1.357×10^(-8) and the variance is 0.242×10^(-16).For the 0.50 mm glass sample,the mean deviation of the flatness is 1.931×10^(-8) and the variance is 2.405×10^(-16).Two different topological charges are adopted for the 2.00 mm glass sample,and their flatness deviations are 0.239×10^(-8)(ℓ=1)and 0.246×10^(-8)(ℓ=2),where their variances are 0.799×10^(-18)(ℓ=1)and 0.775×10^(-18)(ℓ=2),respectively.It is shown that the flatness measured by the proposed method is the same for the same sample when different topological charges are used.All results indicate that the proposed method may provide a high flatness measurement,and will be a promising way to measure the flatness.
基金Key Project of Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform in Chongqing(yjg222018)。
文摘This study,based on the current status and challenges of medical graduate education,explores innovative pathways for the coordinated development of research and clinical training under a dual-track integration model.By analyzing survey data and integrating cutting-edge educational concepts,a series of specific reform recommendations is proposed.The aim is to promote the upgrading and innovation of medical graduate training models,facilitate the integration of clinical practice and research,and provide strong support for the comprehensive development of medical graduates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSCF-82204053)the University Natural Foundation of Anhui Educational Committee(KJ2021A0222)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1000204-2)the Discipline Construction Project of School of Public Health,Anhui Medical University(0301001872).
文摘ABSTRACT:Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may affect the neurodevelopment of children,but biomonitoring-based population studies on this class of new pollutants are lacking.We conducted a prospective birth cohort study of 2860 mother−child pairs,measured the urinary concentrations of 41 antibiotics and their two metabolites over three trimesters,and assessed children’s autism spectrum disorder(ASD)symptoms at 3 years of age.We examined the associations between prenatal antibiotic exposure and children’s ASD symptoms.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression screened for Tetracycline and Ofloxacin as important predictors of ASD symptoms.Modified Poisson regression models revealed that maternal Tetracycline exposure throughout pregnancy increased the risk of ASD symptoms(RR:1.66,95%CI:1.14,2.40).Maternal Tetracycline exposure during the first(RR:1.74,95%CI:1.13,2.68)and third trimesters(RR:1.86,95%CI:1.16,3.00)increased the risk of ASD symptoms in boys,and Ofloxacin exposure during the first trimester(RR:1.47,95%CI:1.07,2.02)increased the risk of ASD symptoms in girls.No dose-dependent relationships between prenatal antibiotic exposure and ASD symptoms were validated by restricted cubic splines.Prenatal exposure to Tetracycline and Ofloxacin may increase the risk of ASD symptoms in children,and the first and third trimesters might be the key windows.
基金supported by the State Key R&D Project of China(Grant No.2016YFA0601102)the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(Grant No.DY135-B2-12)+6 种基金COMRA Project DY135-B2-12the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41525011,41921006,41902313,91751205&92051116)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.20ZR1428000)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Interdisciplinary Grant(Grant No.20CX-01)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)(KAKENHI Grant 18H05295)This is also a contribution to the Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Senior User Project of RV KEXUE(Grant No.KEXUE2019GZ06)the International Center for Deep-life Investigation(IC-DLI).
文摘Archaea,one of the three domains of life along with Bacteria and Eukarya,contains ancient life forms such as methanogen that are observed today on Earth,and one lineage Asgard archaea is also considered the closest ancestor of Eukarya.Recently,with the development of interdisciplinary studies from Earth and Life sciences,archaeal organisms are considered to play pivotal roles in geochemical cycling in nature.However,our understanding of the attributes,origin and evolution,geochemical and ecological functions of Archaea is hampered by the scarcity of archaeal isolates,which has represented a challenge to researchers for the last 40 years.Cultivation-independent sequencing and phylogenomic analyses have demonstrated a considerable diversity of Archaea with more than 20 novel phyla.However,only four archaeal phyla have cultured representatives,leaving large gaps in our knowledge of the metabolic capabilities and ecological functions of the majority of archaeal strains identified exclusively by DNA sequencing.In this review,we summarize the discovery and development of archaeal research,highlight the knowledge gap between uncultured and cultured archaeal microbes,and call on the importance of devoting greater research efforts to archaeal cultivation.Finally,we outlined new ideas and strategic approaches,namely,(1)genome-based methods,(2)microbial network information-based methods,(3)genome-scale model-guided methods,and(4)machine learning methods,to enable the cultivation of uncultivated archaeal microbes using accumulated high-throughput sequencing data.
