[Objectives]To explore effective biocontrol methods for diseases in the process of ginseng cultivation,and develop an efficient and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent.[Methods]In this study,2 strains were isola...[Objectives]To explore effective biocontrol methods for diseases in the process of ginseng cultivation,and develop an efficient and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent.[Methods]In this study,2 strains were isolated from biogas slurry,and Cylindrocarpon destructans(XF),Fusarium solani(GF),Botrytis cinerea Pers(HM)and Alternaria panax Whetz(HB)were used as test materials.The strains were isolated and identified by dilution plate method,16S rDNA sequence identification method,confrontation culture method,filter paper method and ultraviolet spectrophotometer method,and the bacteriostatic activity and bacteriostatic rate were tested.[Results]Strain 15(Sphingomonas)and strain 19(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)were screened out through identification and analysis,and they grew stably within 8-10 d.The bacteriostatic rates of strain 15 against A.panax and B.cinerea were 47.37%and 43.40%,respectively,and the bacteriostatic rates of strain 19 against A.panax and B.cinerea were 62.30%and 63.27%,respectively.The bacteriostatic activity of the extract of strain 19 increased with the increase of OD_(600) value,and the bacteriostatic effect was optimal when the OD_(600) value was in the range of 0.8-1.0,up to 70%,so it had a strong biocontrol potential.[Conclusions]This experiment provides convenience for more effective inoculation,establishes a fast,simple and accurate method for the determination of the best bacteriostatic rate of P.aeruginosa culture solution to HM,and lays a foundation for large-scale culture of P.aeruginosa culture solution.Besides,it is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient control of ginseng B.cinerea in field production,use it for the prevention and control of ginseng shoot diseases,and provide a reference for the efficient and diverse development of biocontrol agents for ginseng shoot diseases.展开更多
Precise and high-resolution carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission data is of great importance in achieving carbon neutrality around the world.Here we present for the first time the near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO_(2)E...Precise and high-resolution carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission data is of great importance in achieving carbon neutrality around the world.Here we present for the first time the near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO_(2)Emissions Dataset(GRACED)from fossil fuel and cement production with a global spatial resolution of 0.1°by 0.1°and a temporal resolution of 1 day.Gridded fossil emissions are computed for different sectors based on the daily national CO_(2)emissions from near-real-time dataset(Carbon Monitor),the spatial patterns of point source emission dataset Global Energy Infrastructure Emissions Database(GID),Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research(EDGAR),and spatiotemporal patters of satellite nitrogen dioxide(NO2)retrievals.Our study on the global CO_(2)emissions responds to the growing and urgent need for high-quality,fine-grained,near-real-time CO_(2)emissions estimates to support global emissions monitoring across various spatial scales.Weshow the spatial patterns of emission changes for power,industry,residential consumption,ground transportation,domestic and international aviation,and international shipping sectors from January 1,2019,to December 31,2020.This gives thorough insights into the relative contributions from each sector.Furthermore,it provides the most up-to-date and fine-grained overview of where and when fossil CO_(2)emissions have decreased and rebounded in response to emergencies(e.g.,coronavirus disease 2019[COVID-19])and other disturbances of human activities of any previously published dataset.As the world recovers from the pandemic and decarbonizes its energy systems,regular updates of this dataset will enable policymakers to more closely monitor the effectiveness of climate and energy policies and quickly adapt.展开更多
基金Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20200403028SF,20200402040NC)Project of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture Bureau of Science and Technology(2019NS11).
文摘[Objectives]To explore effective biocontrol methods for diseases in the process of ginseng cultivation,and develop an efficient and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent.[Methods]In this study,2 strains were isolated from biogas slurry,and Cylindrocarpon destructans(XF),Fusarium solani(GF),Botrytis cinerea Pers(HM)and Alternaria panax Whetz(HB)were used as test materials.The strains were isolated and identified by dilution plate method,16S rDNA sequence identification method,confrontation culture method,filter paper method and ultraviolet spectrophotometer method,and the bacteriostatic activity and bacteriostatic rate were tested.[Results]Strain 15(Sphingomonas)and strain 19(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)were screened out through identification and analysis,and they grew stably within 8-10 d.The bacteriostatic rates of strain 15 against A.panax and B.cinerea were 47.37%and 43.40%,respectively,and the bacteriostatic rates of strain 19 against A.panax and B.cinerea were 62.30%and 63.27%,respectively.The bacteriostatic activity of the extract of strain 19 increased with the increase of OD_(600) value,and the bacteriostatic effect was optimal when the OD_(600) value was in the range of 0.8-1.0,up to 70%,so it had a strong biocontrol potential.[Conclusions]This experiment provides convenience for more effective inoculation,establishes a fast,simple and accurate method for the determination of the best bacteriostatic rate of P.aeruginosa culture solution to HM,and lays a foundation for large-scale culture of P.aeruginosa culture solution.Besides,it is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient control of ginseng B.cinerea in field production,use it for the prevention and control of ginseng shoot diseases,and provide a reference for the efficient and diverse development of biocontrol agents for ginseng shoot diseases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 41921005 and 71874097)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ19032)the Qiu Shi Science&Technologies Foundation.
文摘Precise and high-resolution carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission data is of great importance in achieving carbon neutrality around the world.Here we present for the first time the near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO_(2)Emissions Dataset(GRACED)from fossil fuel and cement production with a global spatial resolution of 0.1°by 0.1°and a temporal resolution of 1 day.Gridded fossil emissions are computed for different sectors based on the daily national CO_(2)emissions from near-real-time dataset(Carbon Monitor),the spatial patterns of point source emission dataset Global Energy Infrastructure Emissions Database(GID),Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research(EDGAR),and spatiotemporal patters of satellite nitrogen dioxide(NO2)retrievals.Our study on the global CO_(2)emissions responds to the growing and urgent need for high-quality,fine-grained,near-real-time CO_(2)emissions estimates to support global emissions monitoring across various spatial scales.Weshow the spatial patterns of emission changes for power,industry,residential consumption,ground transportation,domestic and international aviation,and international shipping sectors from January 1,2019,to December 31,2020.This gives thorough insights into the relative contributions from each sector.Furthermore,it provides the most up-to-date and fine-grained overview of where and when fossil CO_(2)emissions have decreased and rebounded in response to emergencies(e.g.,coronavirus disease 2019[COVID-19])and other disturbances of human activities of any previously published dataset.As the world recovers from the pandemic and decarbonizes its energy systems,regular updates of this dataset will enable policymakers to more closely monitor the effectiveness of climate and energy policies and quickly adapt.
