The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae sp...The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae species, thrives in saline marshlands and is well known for its high tolerance to salinity and waterlogging. Here, a 3.82-Gb high-quality reference genome of sea barleygrass is assembled de novo, with 3.69Gb (96.8%) of its sequences anchored onto seven chromosomes. In total, 41 045 high-confidence (HC)genes are annotated by homology, de novo prediction, and transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetics, nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation ratios (Ka/Ks), and transcriptomic and functional analyses provide genetic evidence for the divergence in morphology and salt tolerance among sea barleygrass, barley, andwheat. The large variation in post-domestication genes (e.g. IPA1 and MOC1) may cause interspecies differences in plant morphology. The extremely high salt tolerance of sea barleygrass is mainly attributed tolow Na+ uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, which are mainly controlled by SOS1, HKT, and NHX transporters. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing systems weredeveloped for sea barleygrass to promote its utilization for exploration and functional studies of hubgenes and for the genetic improvement of cereal crops.展开更多
Stomata play a crucial role in plants by controlling water status and responding to drought stress.However,simultaneously improving stomatal opening and drought tolerance has proven to be a significant challenge.To ad...Stomata play a crucial role in plants by controlling water status and responding to drought stress.However,simultaneously improving stomatal opening and drought tolerance has proven to be a significant challenge.To address this issue,we employed the OnGuard quantitative model,which accurately represents the mechanics and coordination of ion transporters in guard cells.With the guidance of OnGuard,we successfully engineered plants that overexpressed the main tonoplast Ca^(2+)-ATPase gene,ACA11,which promotes stomatal opening and enhances plant growth.Surprisingly,these transgenic plants also exhibited improved drought tolerance due to reduced water loss through their stomata.Again,OnGuard assisted us in understanding the mechanism behind the unexpected stomatal behaviors observed in the ACA11 overexpressing plants.Our study revealed that the overexpression of ACA11 facilitated the accumulation of Ca^(2+)in the vacuole,thereby influencing Ca^(2+)storage and leading to an enhanced Ca^(2+)elevation in response to abscisic acid.This regulatory cascade finely tunes stomatal responses,ultimately leading to enhanced drought tolerance.Our findings underscore the importance of tonoplast Ca^(2+)-ATPase in manipulating stomatal behavior and improving drought tolerance.Furthermore,these results highlight the diverse functions of tonoplast-localized ACA11 in response to different conditions,emphasizing its potential for future applications in plant enhancement.展开更多
基金This research was supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071934)+1 种基金the key research project of Zhejiang(2020C02002,2021C02064-3)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production.
文摘The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae species, thrives in saline marshlands and is well known for its high tolerance to salinity and waterlogging. Here, a 3.82-Gb high-quality reference genome of sea barleygrass is assembled de novo, with 3.69Gb (96.8%) of its sequences anchored onto seven chromosomes. In total, 41 045 high-confidence (HC)genes are annotated by homology, de novo prediction, and transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetics, nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation ratios (Ka/Ks), and transcriptomic and functional analyses provide genetic evidence for the divergence in morphology and salt tolerance among sea barleygrass, barley, andwheat. The large variation in post-domestication genes (e.g. IPA1 and MOC1) may cause interspecies differences in plant morphology. The extremely high salt tolerance of sea barleygrass is mainly attributed tolow Na+ uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, which are mainly controlled by SOS1, HKT, and NHX transporters. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing systems weredeveloped for sea barleygrass to promote its utilization for exploration and functional studies of hubgenes and for the genetic improvement of cereal crops.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR21C020001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372017,31871537 and U2003115)+3 种基金the Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory(B21HJ0220)to Y.W.the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)grants(BB/W001217/1)to M.R.B.and R.K.BBSRC grants(BB/S017348/1)Royal Society University Research Fellowship awards(URFR 211002)to R.K.
文摘Stomata play a crucial role in plants by controlling water status and responding to drought stress.However,simultaneously improving stomatal opening and drought tolerance has proven to be a significant challenge.To address this issue,we employed the OnGuard quantitative model,which accurately represents the mechanics and coordination of ion transporters in guard cells.With the guidance of OnGuard,we successfully engineered plants that overexpressed the main tonoplast Ca^(2+)-ATPase gene,ACA11,which promotes stomatal opening and enhances plant growth.Surprisingly,these transgenic plants also exhibited improved drought tolerance due to reduced water loss through their stomata.Again,OnGuard assisted us in understanding the mechanism behind the unexpected stomatal behaviors observed in the ACA11 overexpressing plants.Our study revealed that the overexpression of ACA11 facilitated the accumulation of Ca^(2+)in the vacuole,thereby influencing Ca^(2+)storage and leading to an enhanced Ca^(2+)elevation in response to abscisic acid.This regulatory cascade finely tunes stomatal responses,ultimately leading to enhanced drought tolerance.Our findings underscore the importance of tonoplast Ca^(2+)-ATPase in manipulating stomatal behavior and improving drought tolerance.Furthermore,these results highlight the diverse functions of tonoplast-localized ACA11 in response to different conditions,emphasizing its potential for future applications in plant enhancement.
