热电池作为一种一次贮备电池,具有高比能、高功率密度等优势,然而开发高比容量与高热稳定性的新型正极材料以适应新时期的热电池需求仍然存在巨大的挑战。Wadsley-Roth晶体剪切结构的铌钨氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料表现出优异的倍率...热电池作为一种一次贮备电池,具有高比能、高功率密度等优势,然而开发高比容量与高热稳定性的新型正极材料以适应新时期的热电池需求仍然存在巨大的挑战。Wadsley-Roth晶体剪切结构的铌钨氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料表现出优异的倍率和循环循环性,其中Nb_(12)WO_(33)因内部具有独特的3D隧道,可以为Li+提供快速的脱嵌通道,因而具有优异的储锂性能。鉴于其具有较好的热稳定性及电化学稳定性,本文首次提出将Nb_(12)WO_(33)作为热电池正极材料,并在室温下使用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)来探究材料内部电子电导率阻抗变化规律。研究发现Nb_(12)WO_(33)电极电化学阻抗谱测试的Nyquist图显示在工作平台电位范围内,高、中频区出现了三个圆弧的独特现象,这主要归属于电子在Nb_(12)WO_(33)电极内部的传导,而与电子电导相关的电阻呈现先增大后降低的规律。采用该材料构筑的热电池单体电池在500℃、500 m A·g^(-1)的电流密度(截止电压1.5V)下放电,其具有436.8m Ah·g^(-1)的高比容量,脉冲放电的平均极化内阻为0.52Ω。因此,Nb_(12)WO_(33)作为高比容量、高热稳定性热电池的正极材料非常具有潜力,本研究为其他铌钨氧化物作为热电池正极材料的研究开辟了新道路。展开更多
Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of L...Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.展开更多
Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomime...Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomimetic scaffold aimed at facilitating rapid and scarless wound healing.This highly in-tegrated 3D-printed dermal scaffold comprised modified recombinant human type III collagen(rhCOLIII-MA),gelatin methacrylate(GelMA),and liposomes encapsulating SB431542 to target TGF-β1(Lip@SB).The rhCOLIII-MA/GelMA(CG)scaffold retained inherent biomaterial characteristics,exhibited tailored physicochemical properties,and demonstrated favorable biocompatibility.Moreover,the Lip@SB-loaded CG scaffold(CGL)effectively promoted in vitro wound healing,while enabling controlled release of SB431542 to inhibit pathological collagen deposition.In a full-thickness skin defect rat model,the CGL dermal scaffold combined with split-thickness skin graft(STSG)minimized scar contraction,stimulated functional neovascularization,and enhanced graft aesthetics comparable to normal skin.Remarkably,the performance of the CGL scaffold surpassed that of commercially available anti-scarring alternatives.This innovative strategy presents a straightforward approach toward scarless skin regeneration and holds promise in alleviating the prolonged,painful postoperative rehabilitation.展开更多
Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers w...Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin.Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5(FNDC5/irisin),we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase(high FNDC5/irisin level)or late rest phase(low FNDC5/irisin level)to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.Results: In this study,we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans,including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics.We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity.Consistent with human data,compared to late rest phase(low irisin level),mice trained chronically at late active phase(high irisin level)gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet,whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice.Mechanistically,Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1(BMAL1)and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor,gamma,coactivator 1 alpha 4(PGC1α4)induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity,and the signaling is transduced viaαV integrin in muscle.Conclusion: Together,our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.展开更多
听觉系统各组成部分的机械损伤是爆炸后造成听力损失的主要原因,强脉冲声致听觉损害风险准则仍然存在许多争议,例如:指标选择冲量还是超压峰值,正压持续时间是否重要等。本研究基于自由场实爆条件,设计并搭建了大动物爆炸致伤平台,探究...听觉系统各组成部分的机械损伤是爆炸后造成听力损失的主要原因,强脉冲声致听觉损害风险准则仍然存在许多争议,例如:指标选择冲量还是超压峰值,正压持续时间是否重要等。本研究基于自由场实爆条件,设计并搭建了大动物爆炸致伤平台,探究了不同爆炸参数对鼓膜破裂的影响规律,并建立了基于自由场超压峰值和正压持续时间的鼓膜创伤量效关系。通过笔形压力传感器测量自由场超压,通过Friedlander公式拟合超压时程曲线,确定冲击波超压峰值和正压持续时间,并对时域中记录的波形进行归一化能量频谱分析,以确定冲击波在频域上的信号能量分布。对爆炸后的小型猪进行解剖,记录不同爆炸参数下鼓膜创伤程度。以超压峰值和正压持续时间为自变量,对实验数据进行二元逻辑回归分析,并给出鼓膜破裂风险曲线。研究发现,当自由场超压峰值低于170 kPa时,鼓膜无明显损伤;当自由场超压峰值高于237 kPa时,部分鼓膜出现不同程度的破裂和充血。距爆心越近,超压峰值越大,但鼓膜创伤的严重程度并未随之单调增加。在8.0 kg TNT当量的爆炸实验中,鼓膜破裂的严重程度随爆心距的减小呈现先提高再降低的趋势。通过对冲击波载荷特征的分析可知,距爆心越近,正压持续时间越短,高频段能量占比相对更大,小型猪鼓膜破裂的概率可能反而降低,此时仍然出现显著的听力损失和耳蜗损伤。鼓膜作为通过振动传递声信号的黏弹性薄膜结构,其动力学响应可能与载荷频率成分密切相关。除了超压峰值,冲击波波形频谱分布对鼓膜破裂程度影响显著。展开更多
Hydrogen is considered to be an ideal safe and clean energy source,which can be produced by water splitting.The high overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is one of the bottleneck issues for the practical a...Hydrogen is considered to be an ideal safe and clean energy source,which can be produced by water splitting.The high overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is one of the bottleneck issues for the practical application of water splitting,where high-efficiency electrocatalysts are thus usually required to accommodate and facilitate the reaction.In recent years,a rapid rise in the HER electrocatalysts has been witnessed,especially nanostructured materials.Noble metals are generally regarded as the most effective electrocatalysts for HER,while some other electrocatalysts based on non-noble transition metals,including alloys,chalcogenides,phosphides,carbides and nitrides,can even approach the HER efficiency of noble metal benchmarks.This paper mainly introduces the basic principles of the HER process,evaluates different categories of nanostructured electrocatalytic materials,providing guidance for the design and fabrication of nanostructured HER catalysts.Moreover,recent progress and future research directions regarding the performance of metallic nanostructured materials are also discussed.展开更多
Although VEGFR-3 deficiency disrupts blood vascular development during early embryogenesis, the underlying mechanism was not clear. To characterize its function in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, we employed two g...Although VEGFR-3 deficiency disrupts blood vascular development during early embryogenesis, the underlying mechanism was not clear. To characterize its function in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, we employed two genetically modified mouse models in this study, targeting the coding region for the ligand-binding domain （Vegfr△LBD） or the tyrosine kinase domain with an inactivation point mutation （Vegfr3^TKmat）. We show that lymphatic growth was disrupted in Vegfr3△LBD/△LBD and Vegfr3^TKmut3^TKmat mice, but blood vessels developed normally in both embryo and yolk sac. Interestingly, in Vegfr3△LBD/△LBD but not Vegfr3^TKmut3^TKmat mice, lymph sac was present but there was lack of iym- phangiogenic sprouting. We further demonstrate that both the wild-type and mutant forms of VEGFR-3 could form heterodimers with VEGFR-2, and decreased the level of phospho-VEGFR-2 and the downstream phospho-Erk1/2 in endothelial cells when they were treated with VEGF-A. These findings indicate that signaling mediated via VEGFR-3 activation by its cognate ligands （VEGF-C/-D） is not required for angiogenesis, and that VEGFR-3 may play a role in this process by modulating VEGFR-2-mediated signals.展开更多
Recently,a Rydberg atom-based mixer was developed to measure the phase of a radio frequency(RF)field.The phase of the signal RF(SIG RF)field is down-converted directly to the phase of a beat signal created by the pres...Recently,a Rydberg atom-based mixer was developed to measure the phase of a radio frequency(RF)field.The phase of the signal RF(SIG RF)field is down-converted directly to the phase of a beat signal created by the presence of a local RF(LO RF)field.In this study,we propose that the Rydberg atom-based mixer can be converted to an all-optical phase detector by amplitude modulation(AM)of the LO RF field;that is,the phase of the SIG RF field is related to both the amplitude and phase of the beat signal.When the AM frequency of the LO RF field is the same as the frequency of the beat signal,the beat signal will further interfere with the AM of the LO RF field inside the atom,and then the amplitude of the beat signal is related to the phase of the SIG RF field.The amplitude of the beat signal and the phase of the SIG RF field show a linear relationship within the range of 0 toπ/2 when the phase of the AM is set with a differenceπ/4 from the phase of the LO RF field.The minimum phase resolution can be as small as 0.6°by optimizing the experimental conditions according to a simple theoretical model.This study will expand and contribute to the development of RF measurement devices based on Rydberg atoms.展开更多
Objective:Obesity is closely associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5),one of the novel adipokines with anti-inflammatory properties,is associated with obesity.Thi...Objective:Obesity is closely associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5),one of the novel adipokines with anti-inflammatory properties,is associated with obesity.This study aims to study the role of SFRP5 in the crosstalk between obesity and breast cancer metastasis and identify the underlying mechanism.Methods:3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes and a hypertrophic adipocyte model was induced with palmitic acid(PA).Cell motility was measured in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells co-cultured with adipocytes conditioned medium(CM)with or without SFRP5 protein.Wnt and epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)signal pathways were investigated by western blot.Circulating SFRP5 level in 218 breast cancer patients and the association with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer were further determined.Online databases ENCORI and PREDICT Plus were used to exam the link between SFRP5 and prognosis.Results:Reduced SFRP5 level was detected in the hypertrophic adipocyte model.Recombinant SFRP5 protein inhibited MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells invasion and migration induced by PA-treated adipocyte CM,and SFRP5 inhibition by specific antibody reversed the effect of SFRP5.Furthermore,SFRP5 significantly inhibited Wnt and downstream EMT in breast cancer cells.Low circulating SFRP5 level correlated with body mass index(BMI),lymph node(LN)metastasis,TNM stage and high Ki67 expression in breast cancer patients.Increased SFRP5 level was associated with favorable predicted survival.Kaplan-Meier curves showed high SFRP5 level in tumor tissue was associated with better outcome of breast cancer patients.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated SFRP5 is a vital adipokine that mediates the crosslink between obesity and the metastatic potential of breast cancer.Promotion of SFRP5 expression in the adipose microenvironment may represent a novel approach for preventing breast cancer metastasis.展开更多
Proteasome inhibitors have shown remarkable success in the treatment of hematologic neoplasm.There has been a lot of attention to applying these drugs for solid tumor treatment.Recent preclinical study has signified t...Proteasome inhibitors have shown remarkable success in the treatment of hematologic neoplasm.There has been a lot of attention to applying these drugs for solid tumor treatment.Recent preclinical study has signified the effectiveness on cell proliferation inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma treated by carfilzomib(CFZ),a second generation proteasome inhibitor.However,no insight has been gained regarding the mechanism.In this study,we have systematically investigated the CFZ functions in cell proliferation and growth,cell cycle arrest,and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells.Flow cytometry experiments showed that CFZ significantly induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma.MTS and colony formation assays revealed that CFZ substantially inhibited survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells.All results were consistently correlated to the upregulation expression of Gadd45a,which is an important gene in modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to physiologic and environmental stresses.Here,upregulation of Gadd45a expression was observed after CFZ treatment.Knocking down Gadd45a expression suppressed G2/M arrest and apoptosis in CFZ-treated cells,and reduced cytotoxicity of this drug.The protein expression analysis has further identified that the AKT/FOXO3a pathway is involved in Gadd45a upregulation after CFZ treatment.These findings unveil a novel mechanism of proteasome inhibitor in anti-solid tumor activity,and shed light on novel preferable therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinoma.We believe that Gadd45a expression can be a highly promising candidate predictor in evaluating the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumor therapy.展开更多
Activated nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease(CVD)through its regulated genes and microRNAs(miRNAs).However,the gene regulation profile remains unclear.In thi...Activated nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease(CVD)through its regulated genes and microRNAs(miRNAs).However,the gene regulation profile remains unclear.In this study,primary mouse vascular endothelial cells(pMVECs)were employed to detect CVD-related NF-κB-regulated genes and miRNAs.Genechip assay identified 77 NF-κB-regulated genes,including 45 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes,in tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα)-treated pMVECs.Ten of these genes were also found to be regulated by NF-κB in TNFα-treated He La cells.Quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR)assay confirmed the upregulation of Egr1,Tnf,and Btg2 by NF-κB in the TNFα-treated p MVECs.The functional annotation revealed that many NF-κB-regulated genes identified in pMVECs were clustered into classical NF-κB-involved biological processes.Genechip assay also identified 26 NF-κB-regulated miRNAs,of which 21 were upregulated and 5 downregulated,in the TNFα-treated pMVECs.Further analysis showed that nine of the identified genes are regulated by seven of these mi RNAs.Finally,among the identified NF-κB-regulated genes and miRNAs,5 genes and 12 miRNAs were associated with CVD by miRWalk and genetic association database analysis.Taken together,these findings show an intricate gene regulation network raised by NF-κB in TNFα-treated p MVECs.The network provides new insights for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the progression of CVD.展开更多
文摘热电池作为一种一次贮备电池,具有高比能、高功率密度等优势,然而开发高比容量与高热稳定性的新型正极材料以适应新时期的热电池需求仍然存在巨大的挑战。Wadsley-Roth晶体剪切结构的铌钨氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料表现出优异的倍率和循环循环性,其中Nb_(12)WO_(33)因内部具有独特的3D隧道,可以为Li+提供快速的脱嵌通道,因而具有优异的储锂性能。鉴于其具有较好的热稳定性及电化学稳定性,本文首次提出将Nb_(12)WO_(33)作为热电池正极材料,并在室温下使用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)来探究材料内部电子电导率阻抗变化规律。研究发现Nb_(12)WO_(33)电极电化学阻抗谱测试的Nyquist图显示在工作平台电位范围内,高、中频区出现了三个圆弧的独特现象,这主要归属于电子在Nb_(12)WO_(33)电极内部的传导,而与电子电导相关的电阻呈现先增大后降低的规律。采用该材料构筑的热电池单体电池在500℃、500 m A·g^(-1)的电流密度(截止电压1.5V)下放电,其具有436.8m Ah·g^(-1)的高比容量,脉冲放电的平均极化内阻为0.52Ω。因此,Nb_(12)WO_(33)作为高比容量、高热稳定性热电池的正极材料非常具有潜力,本研究为其他铌钨氧化物作为热电池正极材料的研究开辟了新道路。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan Program of China(No.2021YFB3400800)Henan Key Research and Development Program(No.231111241000)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(No.225200810026)Zhongyuan Scholar Workstation Funded Program(No.224400510025).
文摘Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272297).
文摘Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomimetic scaffold aimed at facilitating rapid and scarless wound healing.This highly in-tegrated 3D-printed dermal scaffold comprised modified recombinant human type III collagen(rhCOLIII-MA),gelatin methacrylate(GelMA),and liposomes encapsulating SB431542 to target TGF-β1(Lip@SB).The rhCOLIII-MA/GelMA(CG)scaffold retained inherent biomaterial characteristics,exhibited tailored physicochemical properties,and demonstrated favorable biocompatibility.Moreover,the Lip@SB-loaded CG scaffold(CGL)effectively promoted in vitro wound healing,while enabling controlled release of SB431542 to inhibit pathological collagen deposition.In a full-thickness skin defect rat model,the CGL dermal scaffold combined with split-thickness skin graft(STSG)minimized scar contraction,stimulated functional neovascularization,and enhanced graft aesthetics comparable to normal skin.Remarkably,the performance of the CGL scaffold surpassed that of commercially available anti-scarring alternatives.This innovative strategy presents a straightforward approach toward scarless skin regeneration and holds promise in alleviating the prolonged,painful postoperative rehabilitation.
基金supported by funds from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0904500 to LX, 2023YFA1800400 to LX, and 2018YFE0113500 to JX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82301777 to MG, 32222024 to LX, 32325024 to XM, 32071148 to LX, and 91957116 to CX)+6 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21140904300 to XM and 22ZR1421200 to LX)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2017-01-07-00-09-E00042 to JX)Key Project of 2022 Higher Education Scientific Research Planning Project of China Association of Higher Education (22TY0218 to FS)Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education (22YJC890023 to FS)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZB20230219 to MG)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741183 to MG)ECNU public platform for Innovation (011).
文摘Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin.Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5(FNDC5/irisin),we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase(high FNDC5/irisin level)or late rest phase(low FNDC5/irisin level)to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.Results: In this study,we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans,including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics.We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity.Consistent with human data,compared to late rest phase(low irisin level),mice trained chronically at late active phase(high irisin level)gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet,whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice.Mechanistically,Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1(BMAL1)and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor,gamma,coactivator 1 alpha 4(PGC1α4)induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity,and the signaling is transduced viaαV integrin in muscle.Conclusion: Together,our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.
文摘听觉系统各组成部分的机械损伤是爆炸后造成听力损失的主要原因,强脉冲声致听觉损害风险准则仍然存在许多争议,例如:指标选择冲量还是超压峰值,正压持续时间是否重要等。本研究基于自由场实爆条件,设计并搭建了大动物爆炸致伤平台,探究了不同爆炸参数对鼓膜破裂的影响规律,并建立了基于自由场超压峰值和正压持续时间的鼓膜创伤量效关系。通过笔形压力传感器测量自由场超压,通过Friedlander公式拟合超压时程曲线,确定冲击波超压峰值和正压持续时间,并对时域中记录的波形进行归一化能量频谱分析,以确定冲击波在频域上的信号能量分布。对爆炸后的小型猪进行解剖,记录不同爆炸参数下鼓膜创伤程度。以超压峰值和正压持续时间为自变量,对实验数据进行二元逻辑回归分析,并给出鼓膜破裂风险曲线。研究发现,当自由场超压峰值低于170 kPa时,鼓膜无明显损伤;当自由场超压峰值高于237 kPa时,部分鼓膜出现不同程度的破裂和充血。距爆心越近,超压峰值越大,但鼓膜创伤的严重程度并未随之单调增加。在8.0 kg TNT当量的爆炸实验中,鼓膜破裂的严重程度随爆心距的减小呈现先提高再降低的趋势。通过对冲击波载荷特征的分析可知,距爆心越近,正压持续时间越短,高频段能量占比相对更大,小型猪鼓膜破裂的概率可能反而降低,此时仍然出现显著的听力损失和耳蜗损伤。鼓膜作为通过振动传递声信号的黏弹性薄膜结构,其动力学响应可能与载荷频率成分密切相关。除了超压峰值,冲击波波形频谱分布对鼓膜破裂程度影响显著。
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017-VI-0013-0085)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001205)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.19YF1422600)。
文摘Hydrogen is considered to be an ideal safe and clean energy source,which can be produced by water splitting.The high overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is one of the bottleneck issues for the practical application of water splitting,where high-efficiency electrocatalysts are thus usually required to accommodate and facilitate the reaction.In recent years,a rapid rise in the HER electrocatalysts has been witnessed,especially nanostructured materials.Noble metals are generally regarded as the most effective electrocatalysts for HER,while some other electrocatalysts based on non-noble transition metals,including alloys,chalcogenides,phosphides,carbides and nitrides,can even approach the HER efficiency of noble metal benchmarks.This paper mainly introduces the basic principles of the HER process,evaluates different categories of nanostructured electrocatalytic materials,providing guidance for the design and fabrication of nanostructured HER catalysts.Moreover,recent progress and future research directions regarding the performance of metallic nanostructured materials are also discussed.
基金Acknowledgments We thank Dr Lena Claesson-Welsh （Uppsala University）, and PIs of Model Animal Research Center （MARC, Nanjing University） for the helpful discussion about the work, and Yanlan Cao, Wenting Shi and all the staff in the MARC Animal facility of Nanjing University for excellent technical assistance. This work wasfinancially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30771069, 30671038, and 30930028）, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2006CB943500）, and the Ministry of Education of China （NCET： Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University）.
文摘Although VEGFR-3 deficiency disrupts blood vascular development during early embryogenesis, the underlying mechanism was not clear. To characterize its function in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, we employed two genetically modified mouse models in this study, targeting the coding region for the ligand-binding domain （Vegfr△LBD） or the tyrosine kinase domain with an inactivation point mutation （Vegfr3^TKmat）. We show that lymphatic growth was disrupted in Vegfr3△LBD/△LBD and Vegfr3^TKmut3^TKmat mice, but blood vessels developed normally in both embryo and yolk sac. Interestingly, in Vegfr3△LBD/△LBD but not Vegfr3^TKmut3^TKmat mice, lymph sac was present but there was lack of iym- phangiogenic sprouting. We further demonstrate that both the wild-type and mutant forms of VEGFR-3 could form heterodimers with VEGFR-2, and decreased the level of phospho-VEGFR-2 and the downstream phospho-Erk1/2 in endothelial cells when they were treated with VEGF-A. These findings indicate that signaling mediated via VEGFR-3 activation by its cognate ligands （VEGF-C/-D） is not required for angiogenesis, and that VEGFR-3 may play a role in this process by modulating VEGFR-2-mediated signals.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0304900 and 2017YFA0402300)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.1212014)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11604334,11604177,and U2031125)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB08-3)the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics(Grant No.KF201807)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Recently,a Rydberg atom-based mixer was developed to measure the phase of a radio frequency(RF)field.The phase of the signal RF(SIG RF)field is down-converted directly to the phase of a beat signal created by the presence of a local RF(LO RF)field.In this study,we propose that the Rydberg atom-based mixer can be converted to an all-optical phase detector by amplitude modulation(AM)of the LO RF field;that is,the phase of the SIG RF field is related to both the amplitude and phase of the beat signal.When the AM frequency of the LO RF field is the same as the frequency of the beat signal,the beat signal will further interfere with the AM of the LO RF field inside the atom,and then the amplitude of the beat signal is related to the phase of the SIG RF field.The amplitude of the beat signal and the phase of the SIG RF field show a linear relationship within the range of 0 toπ/2 when the phase of the AM is set with a differenceπ/4 from the phase of the LO RF field.The minimum phase resolution can be as small as 0.6°by optimizing the experimental conditions according to a simple theoretical model.This study will expand and contribute to the development of RF measurement devices based on Rydberg atoms.
基金the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2017CXGC1212)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31701258)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0901300)。
文摘Objective:Obesity is closely associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5),one of the novel adipokines with anti-inflammatory properties,is associated with obesity.This study aims to study the role of SFRP5 in the crosstalk between obesity and breast cancer metastasis and identify the underlying mechanism.Methods:3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes and a hypertrophic adipocyte model was induced with palmitic acid(PA).Cell motility was measured in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells co-cultured with adipocytes conditioned medium(CM)with or without SFRP5 protein.Wnt and epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)signal pathways were investigated by western blot.Circulating SFRP5 level in 218 breast cancer patients and the association with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer were further determined.Online databases ENCORI and PREDICT Plus were used to exam the link between SFRP5 and prognosis.Results:Reduced SFRP5 level was detected in the hypertrophic adipocyte model.Recombinant SFRP5 protein inhibited MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells invasion and migration induced by PA-treated adipocyte CM,and SFRP5 inhibition by specific antibody reversed the effect of SFRP5.Furthermore,SFRP5 significantly inhibited Wnt and downstream EMT in breast cancer cells.Low circulating SFRP5 level correlated with body mass index(BMI),lymph node(LN)metastasis,TNM stage and high Ki67 expression in breast cancer patients.Increased SFRP5 level was associated with favorable predicted survival.Kaplan-Meier curves showed high SFRP5 level in tumor tissue was associated with better outcome of breast cancer patients.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated SFRP5 is a vital adipokine that mediates the crosslink between obesity and the metastatic potential of breast cancer.Promotion of SFRP5 expression in the adipose microenvironment may represent a novel approach for preventing breast cancer metastasis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81601992,81802986,and 81601029)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ16H160008)the Medical and Health Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2019338991),China
文摘Proteasome inhibitors have shown remarkable success in the treatment of hematologic neoplasm.There has been a lot of attention to applying these drugs for solid tumor treatment.Recent preclinical study has signified the effectiveness on cell proliferation inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma treated by carfilzomib(CFZ),a second generation proteasome inhibitor.However,no insight has been gained regarding the mechanism.In this study,we have systematically investigated the CFZ functions in cell proliferation and growth,cell cycle arrest,and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells.Flow cytometry experiments showed that CFZ significantly induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma.MTS and colony formation assays revealed that CFZ substantially inhibited survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells.All results were consistently correlated to the upregulation expression of Gadd45a,which is an important gene in modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to physiologic and environmental stresses.Here,upregulation of Gadd45a expression was observed after CFZ treatment.Knocking down Gadd45a expression suppressed G2/M arrest and apoptosis in CFZ-treated cells,and reduced cytotoxicity of this drug.The protein expression analysis has further identified that the AKT/FOXO3a pathway is involved in Gadd45a upregulation after CFZ treatment.These findings unveil a novel mechanism of proteasome inhibitor in anti-solid tumor activity,and shed light on novel preferable therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinoma.We believe that Gadd45a expression can be a highly promising candidate predictor in evaluating the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumor therapy.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2017A030310606 and 2016A030307039)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(Nos.2014A070713039 and 2016A030303063)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Chaozhou City(No.2016GY18)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770584)
文摘Activated nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease(CVD)through its regulated genes and microRNAs(miRNAs).However,the gene regulation profile remains unclear.In this study,primary mouse vascular endothelial cells(pMVECs)were employed to detect CVD-related NF-κB-regulated genes and miRNAs.Genechip assay identified 77 NF-κB-regulated genes,including 45 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes,in tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα)-treated pMVECs.Ten of these genes were also found to be regulated by NF-κB in TNFα-treated He La cells.Quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR)assay confirmed the upregulation of Egr1,Tnf,and Btg2 by NF-κB in the TNFα-treated p MVECs.The functional annotation revealed that many NF-κB-regulated genes identified in pMVECs were clustered into classical NF-κB-involved biological processes.Genechip assay also identified 26 NF-κB-regulated miRNAs,of which 21 were upregulated and 5 downregulated,in the TNFα-treated pMVECs.Further analysis showed that nine of the identified genes are regulated by seven of these mi RNAs.Finally,among the identified NF-κB-regulated genes and miRNAs,5 genes and 12 miRNAs were associated with CVD by miRWalk and genetic association database analysis.Taken together,these findings show an intricate gene regulation network raised by NF-κB in TNFα-treated p MVECs.The network provides new insights for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the progression of CVD.
