In order to overcome the embrittlement of metastable titanium alloys caused by the precipitation ofωiso phase during aging,regulation of isothermalωprecipitation was investigated in Ti−15Mo alloy.The results show th...In order to overcome the embrittlement of metastable titanium alloys caused by the precipitation ofωiso phase during aging,regulation of isothermalωprecipitation was investigated in Ti−15Mo alloy.The results show that the sample is brittle when direct aging(A)is applied at 350℃for 1 h after solution treatment(ST).If pre-deformation(D)is performed on the ST sample to induce{332}twins and secondaryα″phase,subsequent aging at 350℃(STDA350)improves the strength to 931 MPa with a good ductility of about 20%maintained.However,when aging is performed at 400℃or 450℃(STDA400/450),the strength can be further improved,but the ductility is dramatically reduced.Atomic-scale characterizations show that the partial collapse ofωphase in the STDA350 sample effectively eliminates aging-induced embrittlement,but complete collapse leads to poor ductility in the STDA400/450 sample.展开更多
Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray imaging owing to their high Xray absorption efficiency,excellent luminescence properties,and facile synthesis.However,their intrinsic ionic nat...Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray imaging owing to their high Xray absorption efficiency,excellent luminescence properties,and facile synthesis.However,their intrinsic ionic nature poses a fundamental challenge in simultaneously achieving high photoluminescence efficiency and environmental robustness.Here,we introduce a multilevel encapsulation strategy by sequentially coating CsPbBr_(3)quantum dots(QDs)with Cs_(4)PbBr_(6),SiO_(2),and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),thereby synergistically enhancing both optical performance and stability.Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)effectively passivates surface defects of CsPbBr_(3)QDs,while the SiO_(2)and PDMS layers serve as protective barriers against moisture,heat,and radiation.The resulting CsPbBr_(3)@Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)/SiO_(2)/PDMS flexible films exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 85%,outstanding mechanical flexibility,and remarkable durability under stretching,bending,and compressing.Moreover,the films retain excellent emission stability under elevated temperatures,prolonged X-ray irradiation,and extended water immersion.X-ray imaging evaluations further demonstrate a spatial resolution of 12 lp/mm,enabling distortion-free imaging of curved objects,while their superior water resistance allows for long-term underwater X-ray imaging.This work highlights the critical role of hierarchical encapsulation in balancing luminescence efficiency and environmental stability,offering a viable pathway toward practical high-performance flexible perovskite scintillators.展开更多
Assessing the impact of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on ozone(O_(3))formation is vital for themanagement of emission reduction and pollution control.Continuousmeasurement of O_(3)and the major precurs...Assessing the impact of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on ozone(O_(3))formation is vital for themanagement of emission reduction and pollution control.Continuousmeasurement of O_(3)and the major precursorswas conducted in a typical light industrial city in the YRD region from 1 May to 25 July in 2021.Alkanes were the most abundant VOC group,contributing to 55.0%of TVOCs concentration(56.43±21.10 ppb).OVOCs,aromatics,halides,alkenes,and alkynes contributed 18.7%,9.6%,9.3%,5.2%and 1.9%,respectively.The observational site shifted from a typical VOC control regime to a mixed regime from May to July,which can be explained by the significant increase of RO_(x)production,resulting in the transition of environment from NOx saturation to radical saturation with respect to O_(3)production.The optimal O_(3)control strategy should be dynamically changed depending on the transition of control regime.Under NOx saturation condition,minimizing the proportion of NOx in reduction could lead to better achievement of O_(3)alleviation.Under mixed control regime,the cut percentage gets the top priority for the effectiveness of O_(3)control.Five VOCs sources were identified:temperature dependent source(28.1%),vehicular exhausts(19.9%),petrochemical industries(7.2%),solvent&gasoline usage(32.3%)and manufacturing industries(12.6%).The increase of temperature and radiation would enhance the evaporation related VOC emissions,resulting in the increase of VOC concentration and the change of RO_(x)circulation.Our results highlight determination of the optimal control strategies for O_(3)pollution in a typical YRD industrial city.展开更多
Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex in...Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex inverse problem that comes with ultrafast time-resolved imager requirements and substantial computational demands to extract information from the multi-bounce scattered light.Consequently,the echo signal always suffers from serious deterioration in both intensity and shape,leading to limited resolution and image contrast.Here,we propose a concept of vectorial digitelligent optics for high-resolution NLOS imaging to cancel the wall’s scattering and refocus the light onto hidden targets for enhanced echo.In this approach,the polarization and wavefront of the laser spot are intelligently optimized via a feedback algorithm to form a near-perfect focusing pattern through a random scattering wall.By raster scanning the focusing spot across the object’s surface within the optical-memory-effect range of the wall,we obtain nearly diffraction-limited NLOS imaging with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.Our experimental results demonstrate a resolution of 0.40 mm at a distance of 0.35 m,reaching the diffraction limit of the system.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for various complex NLOS scenarios.Our methods may open an avenue for active imaging,communication,and laser wireless power transfer.展开更多
Multiple principal element alloys(MPEAs),also known as high-entropy alloys,have attracted significant attention because of their exceptional mechanical and thermal properties.A critical factor influencing these proper...Multiple principal element alloys(MPEAs),also known as high-entropy alloys,have attracted significant attention because of their exceptional mechanical and thermal properties.A critical factor influencing these properties is suggested to be the presence of chemical short-range order(SRO),characterized by specific atomic arrangements occurring more frequently than in a random distribution.Despite extensive efforts to elucidate SRO,particularly in face-centered cubic(fcc)3d transition metal-based MPEAs,several key aspects remain under debate:the conditions under which SRO forms,the reliability of characterization methods for detecting SRO,and its quantitative impact on mechanical performance.This review summarizes the challenges and unresolved issues in this emerging field,drawing comparisons with well-established research on SRO in binary alloys over the past few decades.Through this cross-system comparison,we aim to provide new insights into SRO from a comprehensive perspective.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)is a key component in plants and their biological macromolecules,having a profound effect on developmental stages,such as germination,vegetative growth,and flowering.However,the mechanism of nitrogen-regula...Nitrogen(N)is a key component in plants and their biological macromolecules,having a profound effect on developmental stages,such as germination,vegetative growth,and flowering.However,the mechanism of nitrogen-regulated flowering time remains unclear.In this study,CmNLP7 was isolated from the chrysanthemum cultivar‘Jinba'and was characterized.CmNLP7 is a transcription factor localized in the nucleus but has no transcriptional activity.Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that CmNLP7 was mainly transcribed in leaves and roots.Knocking down CmNLP7 through the artificial-miRNA method in chrysanthemum resulted in early flowering under optimal nitrogen(ON)and low nitrogen(LN)conditions;whereas overexpression lines showed delayed flowering under LN conditions.Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the nitrate transporters NRT2.5,NPF3.1,and NPF4.6;SBP-like genes SPL7 and SPL12,and flowering integration factor FT were significantly up-regulated in the knockdown lines.Based on the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,the differentially transcribed genes were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways,which indicated their alleged function in nitrogen-regulated flowering and development in chrysanthemum.Furthermore CmPP6 as a homolog of the Arabidopsis phosphatase PP6,was verified as an interacting protein of CmNLP7 by yeast two-hybrid,BiFC,pull-down and Biacore in vitro and in vivo,and the knockdown line of CmPP6(amiR-CmPP6)flowered earlier compared to that of the wild-type chrysanthemum‘Jinba'.Collectively,these results demonstrated that CmPP6 interacts with CmNLP7 to regulate chrysanthemum flowering,and CmNLP7 could regulate flowering time in response to nitrogen,which lays a foundation for the regulation of flowering and molecular breeding of chrysanthemum through changes in nutrient signaling.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metachronous gastric cancer usually refers to a tumor that occurs in the stomach more than half a year after esophageal cancer surgery,and metastasis of primary esophageal cancer should be excluded.There ar...BACKGROUND Metachronous gastric cancer usually refers to a tumor that occurs in the stomach more than half a year after esophageal cancer surgery,and metastasis of primary esophageal cancer should be excluded.There are few reports of metachronous gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with signet ring cell carcinoma combined with early tubular adenoma of the colon after esophageal cancer surgery,which has a high degree of malignancy.This is also the reason for the poor treatment results.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with“dysphagia obstruction”.Seven years ago,the patient was diagnosed with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the middle esophagus(T4N1M0 stage)and left gastric lymph node metastasis.In the final resection of the esophageal cancer,no residual cancer tissue was found in the esophageal and gastric stump.The patient’s medical history 7 years ago(preoperative gastroscopy and other examinations)revealed no gastric tumor.Combined with the patient’s history,the diagnosis of recurrent esophageal cancer was made on this admission.The final pathological results were surprising:Metachronous gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with signet ring cell carcinoma combined with early tubular adenoma of the colon.Considering the high malignancy of the tumor,the complexity of the second operation,and many complications,the patient received chemotherapy.CONCLUSION He had a history of esophageal cancer resection.Gastroenteroscopy should be performed simultaneously to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.展开更多
Histone H2B ubiquitination(H2Bub)is positively linked to transcriptional activation,but the genetic programs affected by H2Bub to enhance drought tolerance remain largely unknown.Here,we show that OsbZIP27 interacts d...Histone H2B ubiquitination(H2Bub)is positively linked to transcriptional activation,but the genetic programs affected by H2Bub to enhance drought tolerance remain largely unknown.Here,we show that OsbZIP27 interacts directly with OsHUB1/2 to regulate drought tolerance in rice by binding to the promoters of OsHAK1 and OsGLN1 to achieve H2Bub and transcriptional activation.Consistently,mutations in OsbZIP27 reduce transcription of OsHAK1 and OsGLN1,resulting in increased sensitivity to drought stress.Moreover,loss of OsHUB1 and OsHUB2 function causes hypersensitivity to drought stress,whereas OsHUB2 overexpression enhances drought tolerance.Together,our results indicate that OsbZIP27 coordinates with OsHUB1/2 to enhance rice drought tolerance by increasing H2Bub and expression of OsHAK1 and OsGLN1.展开更多
Incorporating organic bulky cations in the precursor or post-treatment to achieve two-dimensional/thr ee-dimensional(2D/3D)heterojunction is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials.Ho...Incorporating organic bulky cations in the precursor or post-treatment to achieve two-dimensional/thr ee-dimensional(2D/3D)heterojunction is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials.However,the issue of insufficient charge transport in 2D perovskites limits their development,and the fundamental mechanism of out-of-plane carrier transport remains unclear.This study designed and synthesized seven organic phenyl-core cations,differentiated at the 1-and 1,4-positions,and identified the impacts on the corresponding properties of the 2D crystalline perovskite.Shorter cations facilitated a more compact arrangement of adjacent inorganic layers,aligning to favor charge transport along the vertical direction.In addition,introducing high electronegativity led to increased intermolecular interactions,resulting in enhanced structural stability and improved phenyl ring π-orbital overlap and interlayer electron coupling,yielding efficient charge transport.Resilience to thermal stressing of the perovskite was strongly correlated with the carbon chain length of the spacer cations.The increase in cation length and the reduction in the rigidity of the amino-terminal both aided in the dispersion of thermal stress in the inorganic framework.Additional hydrogen bonding also contributed to mitigating structural disorder.展开更多
Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia(Ce-TZP)has become an interesting alternative for the widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia(Y-TZP),whereas efforts are needed to control its microstructure in order to im-prove the...Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia(Ce-TZP)has become an interesting alternative for the widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia(Y-TZP),whereas efforts are needed to control its microstructure in order to im-prove the strength of Ce-TZP ceramics.In this work,CaO was used to co-dope Ce-TZP ceramics.More specifically,0.2-2.0 mol%Ca(NO_(3))_(3)·4H_(2)O precursor-based CaO was used to dope 10 mol%ceria-stabilized zirconia.Sintering was performed at 1300,1350,or 1400℃,which is lower than the temperatures commonly applied for zirconia ceramics.The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated and correlated,revealing that 0.2 mol%CaO-doped CeO_(2)-stabilised zirconia sintered at 1350℃ exhibited a fully dense fine-grained tetragonal ZrO_(2) microstructure with high toughness(10.4 MPa m1/2)and biax-ial bending strength(1210±43 MPa),and a narrow strength distribution(weibull modulus of 32.5).1.5 and 2.0 mol% CaO-doping resulted in excellent biaxial bending strength but wider strength distribution and lower fracture resistance.The homogeneously distributed Ca(NO_(3))_(3)·4H_(2)O precursor prevented cubic zirconia-phase formation for CaO-doping up to 2.0 mol%.CaO-doped(≥0.2 mol%)10Ce-TZP sintered at 1350℃ also highly resisted hydrothermal degradation.Furthermore,CaO-doping enabled to make Ce-TZP ceramics as translucent as different commercially available 3Y-TZP ceramics,opening possibilities to use Ce-TZP for dental restorations.展开更多
Solar steam generation(SSG)offers a cost-effective solution for producing clean water by utilizing solar energy.However,integrating effective thermal management and water transportation to develop high-efficiency sola...Solar steam generation(SSG)offers a cost-effective solution for producing clean water by utilizing solar energy.However,integrating effective thermal management and water transportation to develop high-efficiency solar evaporators remains a significant challenge.Here,inspired by the hierarchical structure of the stem of bird of paradise,a three-dimensional multiscale liquid metal/polyacrylonitrile(LM/PAN)evaporator is fabricated by assembling LM/PAN fibers.The strong localized surface plasmon resonance of LM particles and porous structure of LM/PAN fibers with interconnected channels lead to efficient light absorption up to 90.9%.Consequently,the multiscale biomimetic LM/PAN evaporator achieves an outstanding water evaporation rate of 2.66 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)with a solar energy efficiency of 96.5%under one sun irradiation and an exceptional water rate of 2.58 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in brine.Additionally,the LM/PAN evaporator demonstrates a superior purification performance for seawater,with the concentration of Na^(+),Mg^(2+),K^(+)and Ca^(2+)in real seawater dramatically decreased by three orders to less than 7 mg L^(-1) after desalination under light irradiation.The multiscale LM/PAN evaporator with hierarchical structure regulates the water transportation as well as thermal management for highly effective solar-driven evaporation,providing valuable insight into the structural design principles for advanced SSG systems.展开更多
Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)remains a significant global health concern,with considerable heterogeneity across age groups,genders,and regions.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the global epidemiolo...Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)remains a significant global health concern,with considerable heterogeneity across age groups,genders,and regions.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the global epidemiological patterns,inequalities,and socio-demographic determinants of CHD burden from 1990 to 2021 to inform targeted interventions.Methods:We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study to assess CHD prevalence,incidence,and mortality rates.Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression,age-period-cohort models and autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)forecasting.Health inequality was quantified using the slope index of inequality(SII)and the concentration index(CI),and associations with the Socio-Demographic Index(SDI)were explored.Results:CHD burden increased with age,peaking among individuals aged 70 years and older.This does not reflect new-onset disease,but rather the accumulation of late diagnoses,long-term complications,and healthcare encounters in aging individuals with CHD.Males consistently exhibited higher incidence and mortality rates than females.From 1990 to 2010,global age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates increased steadily and declined slightly thereafter.Joinpoint and age-period-cohort analyses revealed inflection points post-2010 and suggested cohort-related effects.Although SII trends indicated rising inequality over time,that disease burden has become more concentrated in low-SDI regions.ARIMA projections estimated a stable or marginally declining CHD burden by 2030.Regional analyses showed that high-SDI countries experienced significant reductions in CHD mortality,whereas low-SDI regions continued to bear a disproportionate burden.Conclusions:CHD burden has shifted in recent decades,influenced by demographic transitions,healthcare access,and socio-economic development.Despite progress,persistent health inequalities remain.Continued investment in early detection,maternal care,and public health infrastructure is essential to reduce CHD disparities globally.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are revolutionizing the renewable energy sector due to their exceptional efficiency under varying light intensity and potential for cost-effective large-scale manufacturing.With the rapid d...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are revolutionizing the renewable energy sector due to their exceptional efficiency under varying light intensity and potential for cost-effective large-scale manufacturing.With the rapid development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and supercapacitors(SCs),integrating PSCs with these energy storage devices to provide a sustained energy supply is a promising approach,particularly in light of the intermittent nature of solar radiation and indoor lighting.This review first discusses the key parts of the PSCs-based integrated photovoltaic energy conversion-storage systems(IPECS),including PSCs,LIBs,SCs,and integration technologies.We also summarize the latest research progress in IPECS,focusing on the advancements of PSCs in combination with LIBs,SCs,and other devices.Ultimately,we propose a perspective on boosting opportunities and addressing the challenges for the future design of PSCs-based IPECS.展开更多
Chrysanthemum is rich in active compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids,and its dried head flowers are commonly used for tea and medicinal purposes.However,the genetic determinism underlying chrysanthemum acti...Chrysanthemum is rich in active compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids,and its dried head flowers are commonly used for tea and medicinal purposes.However,the genetic determinism underlying chrysanthemum active compounds remains elusive.In this study,we evaluated a panel of 137 chrysanthemum accessions for total flavonoids,chlorogenic acid,luteolin,and isochlorogenic acid A across two consecutive years.The four active compounds exhibited considerable variation,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 44.96%to 76.30%.Significant differences were observed in genotype and environments,and the broad-sense heritability was estimated at 0.5-0.63 for all examined traits.Significant pair-wise correlation was found between the four active compounds.Several accessions showing the highest active compounds were figured out for breeding use by integrating the membership function and hierarchical cluster analysis methods.Based on the327042 high-quality SNPs,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)captured 59 significant SNPs for the four active compounds,of which 24elite alleles exhibited pyramiding effects.A total of 18 potential candidate genes were mined,among which evm.model.scaffold_1149.273(QUA1)has one linkage disequilibrium(LD)block corresponding to Hap4 with the highest luteolin content.The findings are beneficial to understanding the genetic basis of the active compounds and provide parental materials and valuable markers for the genetic improvement of active compounds in chrysanthemums.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)direct numerical simulations on the dynamics of three identical ferrofluid droplets suspended in a non-magnetic ambient fluid under a rotating uniform magnetic field are conducted,and the motion and...Two-dimensional(2D)direct numerical simulations on the dynamics of three identical ferrofluid droplets suspended in a non-magnetic ambient fluid under a rotating uniform magnetic field are conducted,and the motion and deformation of the three ferrofluid droplets are studied in this paper.Results show that there are four modes(i.e.,the three droplets'direct coalescence(TC),the coalescence of two droplets and the subsequent planetary motion with the third droplet(CAP),the three droplets'planetary motion(TP),and the independent spin(IS))for the three ferrofluid droplets,dependent on the magnetic Bond number(Bom)and the initial distance(d0)between two of the droplets.It is found that the decrease in d0and the increase in Bomcan make the droplets'mode change from the IS to the planetary motion,and then turn to the CAP.Furthermore,reducing Bomor d0is helpful for the droplets to become merged.展开更多
The fabrication of efficient and stable flexible perovskite solar modules(F-PSMs)using poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA)remains a significant challenge due to its hydrophobic properties and the mis...The fabrication of efficient and stable flexible perovskite solar modules(F-PSMs)using poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA)remains a significant challenge due to its hydrophobic properties and the mismatch in interface energy-level alignment.Here,we introduced[2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carba zol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid(MeO-2PACz)to modify the PTAA layer,which effectively suppressed surface potential fluctuations and aligned energy levels at the interface of PTAA/perovskite.Additionally,MeO-2PACz enhanced the hydrophilicity of PTAA,facilitating the fabrication of dense,uniform,and pinhole-free perovskite films on large-area flexible substrates.As a result,we achieved an F-PSM with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.6% and an aperture area of 64 cm^(2),which is the highest reported value among F-PSMs with an active area exceeding 35 cm^(2)based on PTAA.Moreover,the encapsulated module demonstrated outstanding long-term operational stability,retaining 90.2% of its initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles(5 mm radius),87.2% after 1000 h of continuous illumination,and 80.3% under combined thermal and humid conditions(85℃ and 85% relative humidity),representing one of the most stable F-PSMs reported to date.展开更多
Objective:The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 has a dual role in cancer initiation and progression in a tissue type-dependent manner.Several studies have linked SHP2 to the aggressive behavior of breast cancer cells and poo...Objective:The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 has a dual role in cancer initiation and progression in a tissue type-dependent manner.Several studies have linked SHP2 to the aggressive behavior of breast cancer cells and poorer outcomes in people with cancer.Nevertheless,the mechanistic details of how SHP2 promotes breast cancer progression remain largely undefined.Methods:The relationship between SHP2 expression and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer was investigated by using the TCGA and GEO databases.The expression of SHP2 in breast cancer tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to generate SHP2-knockout breast cancer cells.Cell-counting kit-8,colony formation,cell cycle,and EdU incorporation assays,as well as a tumor xenograft model were used to examine the function of SHP2 in breast cancer proliferation.Quantitative RT-PCR,western blotting,immunofluorescence staining,and ubiquitination assays were used to explore the molecular mechanism through which SHP2 regulates breast cancer proliferation.Results:High SHP2 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.SHP2 is required for the proliferation of breast cancer cellsin vitro and tumor growthin vivo through regulation of Cyclin D1 abundance,thereby accelerating cell cycle progression.Notably,SHP2 modulates the ubiquitin–proteasome-dependent degradation of Cyclin D1viathe PI3K/AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway.SHP2 knockout attenuates the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and causes the dephosphorylation and resultant activation of GSK3β.GSK3βthen mediates phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at threonine 286,thereby promoting the translocation of Cyclin D1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and facilitating Cyclin D1 degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome system.Conclusions:Our study uncovered the mechanism through which SHP2 regulates breast cancer proliferation.SHP2 may therefore potentially serve as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374380)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2023M730234, 2024T171126)。
文摘In order to overcome the embrittlement of metastable titanium alloys caused by the precipitation ofωiso phase during aging,regulation of isothermalωprecipitation was investigated in Ti−15Mo alloy.The results show that the sample is brittle when direct aging(A)is applied at 350℃for 1 h after solution treatment(ST).If pre-deformation(D)is performed on the ST sample to induce{332}twins and secondaryα″phase,subsequent aging at 350℃(STDA350)improves the strength to 931 MPa with a good ductility of about 20%maintained.However,when aging is performed at 400℃or 450℃(STDA400/450),the strength can be further improved,but the ductility is dramatically reduced.Atomic-scale characterizations show that the partial collapse ofωphase in the STDA350 sample effectively eliminates aging-induced embrittlement,but complete collapse leads to poor ductility in the STDA400/450 sample.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52250060,62274135,62288102,12504473)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M773420,2024M764250)+1 种基金the Key Project of Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(20221JCGY01049)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(GZB20230975)。
文摘Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray imaging owing to their high Xray absorption efficiency,excellent luminescence properties,and facile synthesis.However,their intrinsic ionic nature poses a fundamental challenge in simultaneously achieving high photoluminescence efficiency and environmental robustness.Here,we introduce a multilevel encapsulation strategy by sequentially coating CsPbBr_(3)quantum dots(QDs)with Cs_(4)PbBr_(6),SiO_(2),and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),thereby synergistically enhancing both optical performance and stability.Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)effectively passivates surface defects of CsPbBr_(3)QDs,while the SiO_(2)and PDMS layers serve as protective barriers against moisture,heat,and radiation.The resulting CsPbBr_(3)@Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)/SiO_(2)/PDMS flexible films exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 85%,outstanding mechanical flexibility,and remarkable durability under stretching,bending,and compressing.Moreover,the films retain excellent emission stability under elevated temperatures,prolonged X-ray irradiation,and extended water immersion.X-ray imaging evaluations further demonstrate a spatial resolution of 12 lp/mm,enabling distortion-free imaging of curved objects,while their superior water resistance allows for long-term underwater X-ray imaging.This work highlights the critical role of hierarchical encapsulation in balancing luminescence efficiency and environmental stability,offering a viable pathway toward practical high-performance flexible perovskite scintillators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42005086,91844301,and 41805100)the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2022YFC3703500)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733028)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2021C03165 and 2022C03084)the Ecological and Environmental Scientific Research and Achievement Promotion Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2020HT0048).
文摘Assessing the impact of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on ozone(O_(3))formation is vital for themanagement of emission reduction and pollution control.Continuousmeasurement of O_(3)and the major precursorswas conducted in a typical light industrial city in the YRD region from 1 May to 25 July in 2021.Alkanes were the most abundant VOC group,contributing to 55.0%of TVOCs concentration(56.43±21.10 ppb).OVOCs,aromatics,halides,alkenes,and alkynes contributed 18.7%,9.6%,9.3%,5.2%and 1.9%,respectively.The observational site shifted from a typical VOC control regime to a mixed regime from May to July,which can be explained by the significant increase of RO_(x)production,resulting in the transition of environment from NOx saturation to radical saturation with respect to O_(3)production.The optimal O_(3)control strategy should be dynamically changed depending on the transition of control regime.Under NOx saturation condition,minimizing the proportion of NOx in reduction could lead to better achievement of O_(3)alleviation.Under mixed control regime,the cut percentage gets the top priority for the effectiveness of O_(3)control.Five VOCs sources were identified:temperature dependent source(28.1%),vehicular exhausts(19.9%),petrochemical industries(7.2%),solvent&gasoline usage(32.3%)and manufacturing industries(12.6%).The increase of temperature and radiation would enhance the evaporation related VOC emissions,resulting in the increase of VOC concentration and the change of RO_(x)circulation.Our results highlight determination of the optimal control strategies for O_(3)pollution in a typical YRD industrial city.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2805800 and 2021YFA1401003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62222513).
文摘Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex inverse problem that comes with ultrafast time-resolved imager requirements and substantial computational demands to extract information from the multi-bounce scattered light.Consequently,the echo signal always suffers from serious deterioration in both intensity and shape,leading to limited resolution and image contrast.Here,we propose a concept of vectorial digitelligent optics for high-resolution NLOS imaging to cancel the wall’s scattering and refocus the light onto hidden targets for enhanced echo.In this approach,the polarization and wavefront of the laser spot are intelligently optimized via a feedback algorithm to form a near-perfect focusing pattern through a random scattering wall.By raster scanning the focusing spot across the object’s surface within the optical-memory-effect range of the wall,we obtain nearly diffraction-limited NLOS imaging with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.Our experimental results demonstrate a resolution of 0.40 mm at a distance of 0.35 m,reaching the diffraction limit of the system.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for various complex NLOS scenarios.Our methods may open an avenue for active imaging,communication,and laser wireless power transfer.
基金supported by the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Frontiers Research in Extreme Environments,China(Grant No.22dz2260800)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(Grant No.22JC1410300).
文摘Multiple principal element alloys(MPEAs),also known as high-entropy alloys,have attracted significant attention because of their exceptional mechanical and thermal properties.A critical factor influencing these properties is suggested to be the presence of chemical short-range order(SRO),characterized by specific atomic arrangements occurring more frequently than in a random distribution.Despite extensive efforts to elucidate SRO,particularly in face-centered cubic(fcc)3d transition metal-based MPEAs,several key aspects remain under debate:the conditions under which SRO forms,the reliability of characterization methods for detecting SRO,and its quantitative impact on mechanical performance.This review summarizes the challenges and unresolved issues in this emerging field,drawing comparisons with well-established research on SRO in binary alloys over the past few decades.Through this cross-system comparison,we aim to provide new insights into SRO from a comprehensive perspective.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31930100)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Nitrogen(N)is a key component in plants and their biological macromolecules,having a profound effect on developmental stages,such as germination,vegetative growth,and flowering.However,the mechanism of nitrogen-regulated flowering time remains unclear.In this study,CmNLP7 was isolated from the chrysanthemum cultivar‘Jinba'and was characterized.CmNLP7 is a transcription factor localized in the nucleus but has no transcriptional activity.Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that CmNLP7 was mainly transcribed in leaves and roots.Knocking down CmNLP7 through the artificial-miRNA method in chrysanthemum resulted in early flowering under optimal nitrogen(ON)and low nitrogen(LN)conditions;whereas overexpression lines showed delayed flowering under LN conditions.Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the nitrate transporters NRT2.5,NPF3.1,and NPF4.6;SBP-like genes SPL7 and SPL12,and flowering integration factor FT were significantly up-regulated in the knockdown lines.Based on the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,the differentially transcribed genes were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways,which indicated their alleged function in nitrogen-regulated flowering and development in chrysanthemum.Furthermore CmPP6 as a homolog of the Arabidopsis phosphatase PP6,was verified as an interacting protein of CmNLP7 by yeast two-hybrid,BiFC,pull-down and Biacore in vitro and in vivo,and the knockdown line of CmPP6(amiR-CmPP6)flowered earlier compared to that of the wild-type chrysanthemum‘Jinba'.Collectively,these results demonstrated that CmPP6 interacts with CmNLP7 to regulate chrysanthemum flowering,and CmNLP7 could regulate flowering time in response to nitrogen,which lays a foundation for the regulation of flowering and molecular breeding of chrysanthemum through changes in nutrient signaling.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Health and Wellness,China,No.21PJ113.
文摘BACKGROUND Metachronous gastric cancer usually refers to a tumor that occurs in the stomach more than half a year after esophageal cancer surgery,and metastasis of primary esophageal cancer should be excluded.There are few reports of metachronous gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with signet ring cell carcinoma combined with early tubular adenoma of the colon after esophageal cancer surgery,which has a high degree of malignancy.This is also the reason for the poor treatment results.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with“dysphagia obstruction”.Seven years ago,the patient was diagnosed with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the middle esophagus(T4N1M0 stage)and left gastric lymph node metastasis.In the final resection of the esophageal cancer,no residual cancer tissue was found in the esophageal and gastric stump.The patient’s medical history 7 years ago(preoperative gastroscopy and other examinations)revealed no gastric tumor.Combined with the patient’s history,the diagnosis of recurrent esophageal cancer was made on this admission.The final pathological results were surprising:Metachronous gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with signet ring cell carcinoma combined with early tubular adenoma of the colon.Considering the high malignancy of the tumor,the complexity of the second operation,and many complications,the patient received chemotherapy.CONCLUSION He had a history of esophageal cancer resection.Gastroenteroscopy should be performed simultaneously to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund Program of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding(SDKF-2023-02)the Postdoctoral Research Program of Anhui Province(2022B603)+5 种基金the Key Research and Development Projects in Anhui Province(2023n06020035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230017,U19A2021,and 32321001)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui province(2408085MC083)the Global Select Project(DJK-LX-2022007)of the Institute of Health and Medicinethe Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK9100000047)the Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Young Talent Program(QNYC-201902).
文摘Histone H2B ubiquitination(H2Bub)is positively linked to transcriptional activation,but the genetic programs affected by H2Bub to enhance drought tolerance remain largely unknown.Here,we show that OsbZIP27 interacts directly with OsHUB1/2 to regulate drought tolerance in rice by binding to the promoters of OsHAK1 and OsGLN1 to achieve H2Bub and transcriptional activation.Consistently,mutations in OsbZIP27 reduce transcription of OsHAK1 and OsGLN1,resulting in increased sensitivity to drought stress.Moreover,loss of OsHUB1 and OsHUB2 function causes hypersensitivity to drought stress,whereas OsHUB2 overexpression enhances drought tolerance.Together,our results indicate that OsbZIP27 coordinates with OsHUB1/2 to enhance rice drought tolerance by increasing H2Bub and expression of OsHAK1 and OsGLN1.
基金financially supported by the Key Fund Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(24JCZDJC00510)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiespartially supported by the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC3608GO28308 with Alliance for Sustainable Energy,Limited Liability Company(LLC),the Manager and Operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory,through Grant No.DE-SC0020718。
文摘Incorporating organic bulky cations in the precursor or post-treatment to achieve two-dimensional/thr ee-dimensional(2D/3D)heterojunction is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials.However,the issue of insufficient charge transport in 2D perovskites limits their development,and the fundamental mechanism of out-of-plane carrier transport remains unclear.This study designed and synthesized seven organic phenyl-core cations,differentiated at the 1-and 1,4-positions,and identified the impacts on the corresponding properties of the 2D crystalline perovskite.Shorter cations facilitated a more compact arrangement of adjacent inorganic layers,aligning to favor charge transport along the vertical direction.In addition,introducing high electronegativity led to increased intermolecular interactions,resulting in enhanced structural stability and improved phenyl ring π-orbital overlap and interlayer electron coupling,yielding efficient charge transport.Resilience to thermal stressing of the perovskite was strongly correlated with the carbon chain length of the spacer cations.The increase in cation length and the reduction in the rigidity of the amino-terminal both aided in the dispersion of thermal stress in the inorganic framework.Additional hydrogen bonding also contributed to mitigating structural disorder.
基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC No.201806460096)for financial supportthe Scientific Research-Flanders(FWO-Vlaanderen)for her post-doctoral fellowships(grant Nos.12S8418N and 12S8421N)supported by the Research Fund of KU Leuven project No.C2-17-00402 and the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders(FWO-Vlaanderen)(grant Nos.G.0431.10N and G.0959.20N).
文摘Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia(Ce-TZP)has become an interesting alternative for the widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia(Y-TZP),whereas efforts are needed to control its microstructure in order to im-prove the strength of Ce-TZP ceramics.In this work,CaO was used to co-dope Ce-TZP ceramics.More specifically,0.2-2.0 mol%Ca(NO_(3))_(3)·4H_(2)O precursor-based CaO was used to dope 10 mol%ceria-stabilized zirconia.Sintering was performed at 1300,1350,or 1400℃,which is lower than the temperatures commonly applied for zirconia ceramics.The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated and correlated,revealing that 0.2 mol%CaO-doped CeO_(2)-stabilised zirconia sintered at 1350℃ exhibited a fully dense fine-grained tetragonal ZrO_(2) microstructure with high toughness(10.4 MPa m1/2)and biax-ial bending strength(1210±43 MPa),and a narrow strength distribution(weibull modulus of 32.5).1.5 and 2.0 mol% CaO-doping resulted in excellent biaxial bending strength but wider strength distribution and lower fracture resistance.The homogeneously distributed Ca(NO_(3))_(3)·4H_(2)O precursor prevented cubic zirconia-phase formation for CaO-doping up to 2.0 mol%.CaO-doped(≥0.2 mol%)10Ce-TZP sintered at 1350℃ also highly resisted hydrothermal degradation.Furthermore,CaO-doping enabled to make Ce-TZP ceramics as translucent as different commercially available 3Y-TZP ceramics,opening possibilities to use Ce-TZP for dental restorations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372096,52102368,22205189,52203103)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams(2017ZT07C291)+4 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230807114205011 and KQTD20170810141424366)the Guang Dong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011953,2022A1515011010 and 2021A1515110350)the Regional Joint Fund for Basic Research and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province(No.2020SA001515110905)the Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation(GXWD20201231105722002-20200824163747001)the 2023 SZSTI stable support scheme.
文摘Solar steam generation(SSG)offers a cost-effective solution for producing clean water by utilizing solar energy.However,integrating effective thermal management and water transportation to develop high-efficiency solar evaporators remains a significant challenge.Here,inspired by the hierarchical structure of the stem of bird of paradise,a three-dimensional multiscale liquid metal/polyacrylonitrile(LM/PAN)evaporator is fabricated by assembling LM/PAN fibers.The strong localized surface plasmon resonance of LM particles and porous structure of LM/PAN fibers with interconnected channels lead to efficient light absorption up to 90.9%.Consequently,the multiscale biomimetic LM/PAN evaporator achieves an outstanding water evaporation rate of 2.66 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)with a solar energy efficiency of 96.5%under one sun irradiation and an exceptional water rate of 2.58 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in brine.Additionally,the LM/PAN evaporator demonstrates a superior purification performance for seawater,with the concentration of Na^(+),Mg^(2+),K^(+)and Ca^(2+)in real seawater dramatically decreased by three orders to less than 7 mg L^(-1) after desalination under light irradiation.The multiscale LM/PAN evaporator with hierarchical structure regulates the water transportation as well as thermal management for highly effective solar-driven evaporation,providing valuable insight into the structural design principles for advanced SSG systems.
文摘Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)remains a significant global health concern,with considerable heterogeneity across age groups,genders,and regions.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the global epidemiological patterns,inequalities,and socio-demographic determinants of CHD burden from 1990 to 2021 to inform targeted interventions.Methods:We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study to assess CHD prevalence,incidence,and mortality rates.Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression,age-period-cohort models and autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)forecasting.Health inequality was quantified using the slope index of inequality(SII)and the concentration index(CI),and associations with the Socio-Demographic Index(SDI)were explored.Results:CHD burden increased with age,peaking among individuals aged 70 years and older.This does not reflect new-onset disease,but rather the accumulation of late diagnoses,long-term complications,and healthcare encounters in aging individuals with CHD.Males consistently exhibited higher incidence and mortality rates than females.From 1990 to 2010,global age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates increased steadily and declined slightly thereafter.Joinpoint and age-period-cohort analyses revealed inflection points post-2010 and suggested cohort-related effects.Although SII trends indicated rising inequality over time,that disease burden has become more concentrated in low-SDI regions.ARIMA projections estimated a stable or marginally declining CHD burden by 2030.Regional analyses showed that high-SDI countries experienced significant reductions in CHD mortality,whereas low-SDI regions continued to bear a disproportionate burden.Conclusions:CHD burden has shifted in recent decades,influenced by demographic transitions,healthcare access,and socio-economic development.Despite progress,persistent health inequalities remain.Continued investment in early detection,maternal care,and public health infrastructure is essential to reduce CHD disparities globally.
基金financially supported by the Key Fund Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(24JCZDJC00510)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22475147)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are revolutionizing the renewable energy sector due to their exceptional efficiency under varying light intensity and potential for cost-effective large-scale manufacturing.With the rapid development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and supercapacitors(SCs),integrating PSCs with these energy storage devices to provide a sustained energy supply is a promising approach,particularly in light of the intermittent nature of solar radiation and indoor lighting.This review first discusses the key parts of the PSCs-based integrated photovoltaic energy conversion-storage systems(IPECS),including PSCs,LIBs,SCs,and integration technologies.We also summarize the latest research progress in IPECS,focusing on the advancements of PSCs in combination with LIBs,SCs,and other devices.Ultimately,we propose a perspective on boosting opportunities and addressing the challenges for the future design of PSCs-based IPECS.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171857)+2 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-23-A18)The“JBGS”Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]094)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Chrysanthemum is rich in active compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids,and its dried head flowers are commonly used for tea and medicinal purposes.However,the genetic determinism underlying chrysanthemum active compounds remains elusive.In this study,we evaluated a panel of 137 chrysanthemum accessions for total flavonoids,chlorogenic acid,luteolin,and isochlorogenic acid A across two consecutive years.The four active compounds exhibited considerable variation,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 44.96%to 76.30%.Significant differences were observed in genotype and environments,and the broad-sense heritability was estimated at 0.5-0.63 for all examined traits.Significant pair-wise correlation was found between the four active compounds.Several accessions showing the highest active compounds were figured out for breeding use by integrating the membership function and hierarchical cluster analysis methods.Based on the327042 high-quality SNPs,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)captured 59 significant SNPs for the four active compounds,of which 24elite alleles exhibited pyramiding effects.A total of 18 potential candidate genes were mined,among which evm.model.scaffold_1149.273(QUA1)has one linkage disequilibrium(LD)block corresponding to Hap4 with the highest luteolin content.The findings are beneficial to understanding the genetic basis of the active compounds and provide parental materials and valuable markers for the genetic improvement of active compounds in chrysanthemums.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372263)。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)direct numerical simulations on the dynamics of three identical ferrofluid droplets suspended in a non-magnetic ambient fluid under a rotating uniform magnetic field are conducted,and the motion and deformation of the three ferrofluid droplets are studied in this paper.Results show that there are four modes(i.e.,the three droplets'direct coalescence(TC),the coalescence of two droplets and the subsequent planetary motion with the third droplet(CAP),the three droplets'planetary motion(TP),and the independent spin(IS))for the three ferrofluid droplets,dependent on the magnetic Bond number(Bom)and the initial distance(d0)between two of the droplets.It is found that the decrease in d0and the increase in Bomcan make the droplets'mode change from the IS to the planetary motion,and then turn to the CAP.Furthermore,reducing Bomor d0is helpful for the droplets to become merged.
基金financially supported by the Key Fund of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation,China Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(24JCZDJC00510)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(22475147)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘The fabrication of efficient and stable flexible perovskite solar modules(F-PSMs)using poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA)remains a significant challenge due to its hydrophobic properties and the mismatch in interface energy-level alignment.Here,we introduced[2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carba zol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid(MeO-2PACz)to modify the PTAA layer,which effectively suppressed surface potential fluctuations and aligned energy levels at the interface of PTAA/perovskite.Additionally,MeO-2PACz enhanced the hydrophilicity of PTAA,facilitating the fabrication of dense,uniform,and pinhole-free perovskite films on large-area flexible substrates.As a result,we achieved an F-PSM with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.6% and an aperture area of 64 cm^(2),which is the highest reported value among F-PSMs with an active area exceeding 35 cm^(2)based on PTAA.Moreover,the encapsulated module demonstrated outstanding long-term operational stability,retaining 90.2% of its initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles(5 mm radius),87.2% after 1000 h of continuous illumination,and 80.3% under combined thermal and humid conditions(85℃ and 85% relative humidity),representing one of the most stable F-PSMs reported to date.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural S&ence Foundation of China(grant Nos.81372844,81472474,81772804 and 81903092)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(grant No.16JCYBJC25400)+1 种基金Changjiang Researchers and Innovative Research Team(grant No.IRT_14R40)Postgraduate Innovation Fund of"13th Five-Year Comprehensive Investment,"Tianjin Medical University(grant No.YJSCX201716).
文摘Objective:The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 has a dual role in cancer initiation and progression in a tissue type-dependent manner.Several studies have linked SHP2 to the aggressive behavior of breast cancer cells and poorer outcomes in people with cancer.Nevertheless,the mechanistic details of how SHP2 promotes breast cancer progression remain largely undefined.Methods:The relationship between SHP2 expression and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer was investigated by using the TCGA and GEO databases.The expression of SHP2 in breast cancer tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to generate SHP2-knockout breast cancer cells.Cell-counting kit-8,colony formation,cell cycle,and EdU incorporation assays,as well as a tumor xenograft model were used to examine the function of SHP2 in breast cancer proliferation.Quantitative RT-PCR,western blotting,immunofluorescence staining,and ubiquitination assays were used to explore the molecular mechanism through which SHP2 regulates breast cancer proliferation.Results:High SHP2 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.SHP2 is required for the proliferation of breast cancer cellsin vitro and tumor growthin vivo through regulation of Cyclin D1 abundance,thereby accelerating cell cycle progression.Notably,SHP2 modulates the ubiquitin–proteasome-dependent degradation of Cyclin D1viathe PI3K/AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway.SHP2 knockout attenuates the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and causes the dephosphorylation and resultant activation of GSK3β.GSK3βthen mediates phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at threonine 286,thereby promoting the translocation of Cyclin D1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and facilitating Cyclin D1 degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome system.Conclusions:Our study uncovered the mechanism through which SHP2 regulates breast cancer proliferation.SHP2 may therefore potentially serve as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
