The high proportion of uncertain distributed power sources and the access to large-scale random electric vehicle(EV)charging resources further aggravate the voltage fluctuation of the distribution network,and the exis...The high proportion of uncertain distributed power sources and the access to large-scale random electric vehicle(EV)charging resources further aggravate the voltage fluctuation of the distribution network,and the existing research has not deeply explored the EV active-reactive synergistic regulating characteristics,and failed to realize themulti-timescale synergistic control with other regulatingmeans,For this reason,this paper proposes amultilevel linkage coordinated optimization strategy to reduce the voltage deviation of the distribution network.Firstly,a capacitor bank reactive power compensation voltage control model and a distributed photovoltaic(PV)activereactive power regulationmodel are established.Additionally,an external characteristicmodel of EVactive-reactive power regulation is developed considering the four-quadrant operational characteristics of the EVcharger.Amultiobjective optimization model of the distribution network is then constructed considering the time-series coupling constraints of multiple types of voltage regulators.A multi-timescale control strategy is proposed by considering the impact of voltage regulators on active-reactive EV energy consumption and PV energy consumption.Then,a four-stage voltage control optimization strategy is proposed for various types of voltage regulators with multiple time scales.Themulti-objective optimization is solved with the improvedDrosophila algorithmto realize the power fluctuation control of the distribution network and themulti-stage voltage control optimization.Simulation results validate that the proposed voltage control optimization strategy achieves the coordinated control of decentralized voltage control resources in the distribution network.It effectively reduces the voltage deviation of the distribution network while ensuring the energy demand of EV users and enhancing the stability and economic efficiency of the distribution network.展开更多
Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life co...Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life contexts.Gardeniae Fructus oil(OGF)is a waste byproduct of the food industry with promising recycling potential.While previous research has demonstrated the antidepressant effects of OGF,the precise mechanism remains unclear.To fill this gap in the literature,this paper elucidates the composition and potential antidepressant mechanism of OGF.According to the results,OGF is mainly composed of fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter.OGF could effectively attenuate depression-like behaviors in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Mechanisms include improving gut dysbiosis,regulating short-chain fatty acids,protecting the intestinal barrier function,reducing hippocampal damage,and alleviating neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments confirmed the involvement of the gut microbiota in the modulation of depression-like behavior by OGF.This study establishes the antidepressant effects of OGF as well as the underlying mechanism,demonstrating its potential as a novel dietary intervention for depression treatment.展开更多
Urethral stricture is characterized by the chronic formation of fibrous tissue,leading to the narrowing of the urethral lumen.Despite the availability of various endoscopic treatments,the recurrence of urethral strict...Urethral stricture is characterized by the chronic formation of fibrous tissue,leading to the narrowing of the urethral lumen.Despite the availability of various endoscopic treatments,the recurrence of urethral strictures remains a common challenge.Postsurgery pharmacotherapy targeting tissue fibrosis is a promising option for reducing recurrence rates.Although drugs cannot replace surgery,they can be used as adjuvant therapies to improve outcomes.In this regard,many drugs have been proposed based on the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of urethral stricture.Ongoing studies have obtained substantial progress in treating urethral strictures,highlighting the potential for improved drug effectiveness through appropriate clinical delivery methods.Therefore,this review summarizes the latest researches on the mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of urethral stricture and the drugs to provide a theoretical basis and new insights for the effective use and future advancements in drug therapy for urethral stricture.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Prolonged invasive respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in patients requiring urgent lung transplantation(ULTx)present signifi cant challenges to clinical practice due to severe ...BACKGROUND:Prolonged invasive respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in patients requiring urgent lung transplantation(ULTx)present signifi cant challenges to clinical practice due to severe underlying diseases and complex conditions.The aim of the study was to report the clinical outcomes of patients who received ULTx and followed the perioperative rehabilitation protocol implemented in a lung transplant center.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted in ULTx patients who required preoperative invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)and ECMO between January 2018 and January 2023.Data were retrieved from electronic medical records at our lung transplant center.RESULTS:Fourteen patients(mean age 57.43±10.97 years;12 males,2 females)underwent ULTx with bridging ECMO and IMV.The mean body mass index was 23.94±3.33 kg/m²,and the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was 21.50±3.96.The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS 2002)scores were≥3.ULTx was performed after an 8.5-day waiting period(interquartile interval[IQR]5.0-26.5 d).Following the surgeries,the average lengths of ECMO and IMV were 1.0(IQR 1.0-2.0)d and 5.0(IQR 3.0-7.3)d,respectively.The total length of hospital stay was 60.1±30.8 d,with an average intensive care unit stay of 38.3±22.9 d and post-operative hospitalization stay of 45.8±26.1 d.Two patients died within 30 d after ULTx,with a 30-day survival rate of 85.71%.CONCLUSION:Patients receiving ULTx showed an acceptable short-term survival rate,validating the practicality and safety of the treatment protocols implemented in our center.展开更多
A facile visible-light-induced 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene(4Cz IPN)catalyzed fourcomponent reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,P4S10and alcohols has been developed at room temperature.This...A facile visible-light-induced 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene(4Cz IPN)catalyzed fourcomponent reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,P4S10and alcohols has been developed at room temperature.This tandem reaction provides an efficient strategy for the construction of various phosphorodithioate-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with moderate to good yields by using air(dioxygen)as the green oxidant.Experimental studies revealed a radical process was involved in this photochemical reaction.展开更多
Background:Administration of propofol,an intravenous anesthetic with antioxidant property,immediately at the onset of post-ischemic reperfusion(propofol postconditioning,P-PostC) has been shown to confer cardioprotect...Background:Administration of propofol,an intravenous anesthetic with antioxidant property,immediately at the onset of post-ischemic reperfusion(propofol postconditioning,P-PostC) has been shown to confer cardioprotection against ischemia–reperfusion(I/R) injury,while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood.The forkhead box O(FoxO) transcription factors are reported to play critical roles in activating cardiomyocyte survival signaling throughout the process of cellular injuries induced by oxidative stress and are also involved in hypoxic postconditioning mediated neuroprotection,however,the role of FoxO in postconditioning mediated protection in the heart and in particular in high glucose condition is unknown.Methods:Rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose(HG) for 48 h,then subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R,composed of 8 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation) in the absence or presence of postconditioning with various concentrations of propofol(P-PostC) at the onset of reoxygenation.After having identified the optical concentration of propofol,H9c2 cells were subjected to H/R and P-PostC in the absence or presence of FoxO1 or FoxO3a gene silencing to explore their roles in P-PostC mediated protection against apoptotic and autophagic cell deaths under hyperglycemia.Results:The results showed that HG with or without H/R decreased cell viability,increased lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) leakage and the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in H9c2 cells,all of which were significantly reversed by propofol(P-PostC),especially at the concentration of 25 μmol/L(P25)(P<0.05,NC vs.HG;HG vs.HG+HR;HG+HR+P12.5 or HG+HR+P25 or HG+HR+P50 vs.HG+HR).Moreover,we found that propofol(P25) decreased H9c2 cells apoptosis and autophagy that were concomitant with increased FoxO1 and FoxO3a expression(P<0.05,HG+HR+P25 vs.HG+HR).The protective effects of propofol(P25) against H/R injury were reversed by silencing FoxO1 or FoxO3a(P<0.05,HG+HR+P25 vs.HG+HR+P25+siRNA-1 or HG+HR+P25+siRNA-5).Conclusions:It is concluded that propofol postconditioning attenuated H9c2 cardiac cells apoptosis and autophagy induced by H/R injury through upregulating FoxO1 and FoxO3a under hyperglycemia.展开更多
Through a series of experiments using denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating sludge in sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）, the variations of the intracellular polymers during the anaerobic phosphorus release process at ...Through a series of experiments using denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating sludge in sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）, the variations of the intracellular polymers during the anaerobic phosphorus release process at different pH values were compared, the probable reasons for different performances of phosphorus removal were examined, and system operations in a typical cycle were investigated. The results show that the phosphorus removal rate was positively correlated with pH values in a range of 6.5-8.5. When the pH value was 8.0, the anaerobic phosphorus release rate and anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of the activated sludge were 20.95 mg/（g, h） and 23.29 mg/（g, h）, respectively; the mass fraction of poly-13-hydroxybutyrate （PHB） increased to 62.87 mg/g under anaerobic conditions; the mass fraction of polyphosphate was 92.67 mg/g under anoxic conditions; and the effluent concentration of total phosphorus （TP） was 1.47 mg/L. With the increase of pH, the mass fraction of acetic acid and PHB also increased, and the absorption rate of acetic acid was equal to the disintegration rate of polyphosphate. When the pH value was above 8.0, biological phosphorus removal was achieved by chemical phosphorus precipitation, and the phosphorus removal rate decreased.展开更多
Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss.In typical turbine environment,the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of ...Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss.In typical turbine environment,the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles.The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism.In the present paper,a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles(-25°to 55°)is built.Based on the similarity criteria,a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade.A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity.The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles.The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately.The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.展开更多
Inevitable geometric variations significantly affect the performance of turbines or even that of entire engines;thus,it is necessary to determine their actual characteristics and accurately estimate their impact on pe...Inevitable geometric variations significantly affect the performance of turbines or even that of entire engines;thus,it is necessary to determine their actual characteristics and accurately estimate their impact on performance.In this study,based on 1781 measured profiles of a typical turbine blade,the statistical characteristics of the geometric variations and the uncertainty impact are analyzed,and some commonly used uncertainty modelling methods based on Principal-Component Analysis(PCA)are verified.The geometric variations are found to be evident,asymmetric,and non-uniform,and the non-normality of the random distributions is non-negligible.The performance is notably affected,which is manifested as an overall offset,a notable scattering,and significant deterioration in several extreme cases.Additionally,it is demonstrated that the PCA reconstruction model is effective in characterizing major uncertainty characteristics of the geometric variations and their impact on the performance with almost the first 10 PCA modes.Based on a reasonable profile error and mean geometric deviation,the Gaussian assumption and stochasticprocess-based model are also found to be effective in predicting the mean values and standard deviations of the performance variations.However,they fail to predict the probability of some extreme cases with high loss.Finally,a Chi-square-based correction model is proposed to compensate for this deficiency.The present work can provide a useful reference for uncertainty analysis of the impact of geometric variations,and the corresponding uncertainty design of turbine blades.展开更多
BACKGROUND Radical gastrectomy(RG)is commonly used in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer(GC),but this procedure may lead to stress responses,postoperative cognitive dysfunction,and blood coagulation abnorma...BACKGROUND Radical gastrectomy(RG)is commonly used in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer(GC),but this procedure may lead to stress responses,postoperative cognitive dysfunction,and blood coagulation abnormalities in patients.AIM To investigate the influences of dexmedetomidine(DEX)on stress responses and postoperative cognitive and coagulation functions in patients undergoing RG under general anesthesia(GA).METHODS One hundred and two patients undergoing RG for GC under GA from February 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Of these,50 patients had received conventional anesthesia intervention[control group(CG)]and 52 patients had received DEX in addition to routine anesthesia intervention[observation group(OG)].Inflammatory factor(IFs;tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α;interleukin-6,IL-6),stress responses(cortisol,Cor;adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH),cognitive function(CF;Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE),neurological function(neuron-specific enolase,NSE;S100 calciumbinding protein B,S100B),and coagulation function(prothrombin time,PT;thromboxane B2,TXB2;fibrinogen,FIB)were compared between the two groups before surgery(T0),as well as at 6 h(T1)and 24 h(T2)after surgery.RESULTS Compared with T0,TNF-α,IL-6,Cor,ACTH,NSE,S100B,PT,TXB2,and FIB showed a significant increase in both groups at T1 and T2,but with even lower levels in OG vs CG.Both groups showed a significant reduction in the MMSE score at T1 and T2 compared with T0,but the MMSE score was notably higher in OG compared with CG.CONCLUSION In addition to a potent inhibitory effect on postoperative IFs and stress responses in GC patients undergoing RG under GA,DEX may also alleviate the coagulation dysfunction and improve the postoperative CF of these patients.展开更多
The structure and morphology of A1 interdigital transducers as a function of Ni underlayer thickness were studied. The A1 （111） texture intensity increases first and then decreases as Ni underlayer thickness increas...The structure and morphology of A1 interdigital transducers as a function of Ni underlayer thickness were studied. The A1 （111） texture intensity increases first and then decreases as Ni underlayer thickness increases. 6-nm Ni underlayer results in the strongest A1 （111） texture with flattest surface, which exhibits almost 10 times longer life in electromigration measurement than those without Ni underlayer. 1.5 GHz surface acoustic wave filters fabri- cated with A1 film on 6-nm Ni underlayer also have improved power durability compared with those without Ni underlayer from 29.0 to 32.5 dBm. It is observed that those fine grains in the 6-nm Ni underlayer greatly enhance A1 （111） texture. Together with increased adhesion force, strong A1 （111） texture accounts for the improved resistance to electromigration and acoustomigration via the reduction of gains boundaries, resistivity, and fine grains at the interface, which is promising for high power surface acoustic wave filters.展开更多
The G2019S mutation of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)is the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD).However,the molecular mechanisms of LRRK2 mutation contributing to the onset and progressi...The G2019S mutation of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)is the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD).However,the molecular mechanisms of LRRK2 mutation contributing to the onset and progression of PD have not been fully illustrated.We generated HEK293 cells stably transfected with α-synuclein and investigated the effect of LRRK2 G2019S mutation on the degradation of α-synuclein.The lysosomal activity was assessed by the protein degradation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ribonuclease A.It was found that α-synuclein was mainly degraded in lysosomes.LRRK2G2019S inhibited the degradation of α-synuclein,and promoted its aggregation.LRRK2G 2019S also decreased the activities of lysosomal enzymes including cathepsin B and cathepsin L.Furthermore,the inhibitory effect of LRRK2 G2019S on lysosomal functions did not depend on its kinase activity.These findings indicated that the inhibitory effect of LRRK2 G2019S on α-synuclein degradation could underlie the pathogenesis of aberrant α-synuclein aggregation in PD with LRRK2 mutation.展开更多
Enhancing ion conductance and controlling transport pathway in organic electrolyte could be used to modulate ionic kinetics to handle signals. In a Pt/Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)/Polyethylene?Li CF3SO3/Pt hetero-j...Enhancing ion conductance and controlling transport pathway in organic electrolyte could be used to modulate ionic kinetics to handle signals. In a Pt/Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)/Polyethylene?Li CF3SO3/Pt hetero-junction, the electrolyte layer handled at high temperature showed nano-fiber microstructures accompanied with greatly improved salt solubility. Ions with high mobility were confined in the nano-fibrous channels leading to the semiconducting polymer layer,which is favorable for modulating dynamic doping at the semiconducting polymer/electrolyte interface by pulse frequency.Such a device realized synaptic-like frequency selectivity, i.e., depression at low frequency stimulation but potentiation at high-frequency stimulation.展开更多
In a high thrust-weight-ratio aero-engine,turbine blades are exposed to extremely high temperature and pressure which sets higher demands in the blade cooling technology.To boost film-cooling effectiveness,an accurate...In a high thrust-weight-ratio aero-engine,turbine blades are exposed to extremely high temperature and pressure which sets higher demands in the blade cooling technology.To boost film-cooling effectiveness,an accurate,efficient,and all-sided inspection of film cooling holes is urgently requested to ensure the quality of turbine blades.The tiny size of film-cooling holes adds to extreme difficulties in the inspection process both by contact and non-contact measurement.This paper proposed a non-contact measuring technique to cope with the inspection of turbine blades.A specially designed light-field camera with a small field of view and proper depth of field is applied to resolve a 3D geometry of film cooling holes.The technique uses one light field camera to capture images of the blade surface.3D lightfield reconstruction algoritm is applied and point cloud of the blade is generated.Due to the compactness of the non-contact single light-field imaging system,information inside the holes becomes attainable.By precisely controlling the relative pose of the camera to the blade surface,the device can obtain hole diamter and outlet angle with an accuracy of±0.03mm and±1°17’respectively.The average time consumed for reconstructing one film cooling hole is about 5 seconds.展开更多
Benzene is a volatile organic compound that can seriously harm human health,while it can serve as a precursor to produce chemicals of more complex structures in chemical industry.Capturing benzene using adsorbents is ...Benzene is a volatile organic compound that can seriously harm human health,while it can serve as a precursor to produce chemicals of more complex structures in chemical industry.Capturing benzene using adsorbents is of great importance for human health,when the separation of hydrocarbons including benzene from crude oil was referred to as one of the“seven chemical separations to change the world”.In this work,we reported the efficient and selective separation of benzene from BTX and cyclohexane by hydrogen bonding self-assembly nonporous adaptive crystals AdaOH for the first time under mild and user-friendly conditions.Separation of benzene and cyclohexane(v/v=1:1)can be achieved by AdaOH with a purity of benzene up to 96.8%.Separation of BTX(v/v;benzene:toluene:o-xylene:m-xylene:pxylene=1:1:1:1:1)can be achieved by AdaOH with a purity of benzene increased from 20%to 82.9%.Our results suggest that separation of benzene using the activated AdaOH as a non-porous adaptive crystal for selectively and efficiently capturing benzene can solve the challenge in separation of benzene from other chemicals such as cyclohexane in chemical industry,and can be helpful for removal of benzene that is released from the vehicles to air.The advantages of commercially availability,easy preparation,high separation efficiency and selectivity for benzene might endow this material with enormous potential for practical uses in areas like petrochemical industry.展开更多
A novel good water-soluble macrocycle containing two pyridinium moieties was synthesized in high yield.It could form 1:1 complexes with neutral vips containing naphthalene or phenyl units in water.The water-soluble ...A novel good water-soluble macrocycle containing two pyridinium moieties was synthesized in high yield.It could form 1:1 complexes with neutral vips containing naphthalene or phenyl units in water.The water-soluble macrocycle can selectively encapsulate naphthalene to form a 1:1 complex over a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.展开更多
A blockchain-based power transaction method is proposed for Active Distribution Network(ADN),considering the poor security and high cost of a centralized power trading system.Firstly,the decentralized blockchain struc...A blockchain-based power transaction method is proposed for Active Distribution Network(ADN),considering the poor security and high cost of a centralized power trading system.Firstly,the decentralized blockchain structure of the ADN power transaction is built and the transaction information is kept in blocks.Secondly,considering the transaction needs between users and power suppliers in ADN,an energy request mechanism is proposed,and the optimization objective function is designed by integrating cost aware requests and storage aware requests.Finally,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for multi-objective optimal search to find the power trading scheme with the minimum power purchase cost of users and the maximum power sold by power suppliers.The experimental demonstration of the proposed method based on the experimental platform shows that when the number of participants is no more than 10,the transaction delay time is 0.2 s,and the transaction cost fluctuates at 200,000 yuan,which is better than other comparison methods.展开更多
Two novel [3]pseudorotaxanes can be selectively synthesized from four components through self-sorting processes, which provides a new strategy for the construction of a well-organized heteropolyrotaxane.
With the surge in fifth-generation(5G)wireless systems and escalating growth of data traffic,the push for higher carrier frequencies with wider bandwidths intensifies.This work reveals the outstanding capabilities of ...With the surge in fifth-generation(5G)wireless systems and escalating growth of data traffic,the push for higher carrier frequencies with wider bandwidths intensifies.This work reveals the outstanding capabilities of wafer-level longitudinal leaky surface acoustic wave(LLSAW)devices on the lithium niobate on insulator(LNOI)platform in scaling SAW technology beyond 4 GHz by mass-produced lithography.Leveraging SiC-based LNOI,the fabricated LLSAW resonators showcase remarkable quality factor(Q),scalable electromechanical factor k_(eff)^(2)from 14%to 28%,and record high figure-of-merit(FoM)of 166 to 222 at 5-6 GHz.Targeted for diverse bands,LLSAW filters with adaptable bandwidths have been realized on specific LN-on-SiC platforms.The filters covering the n79 full band with a minimum insertion loss(IL_(min))of 0.85 dB and the 5 GHz Wi-Fi full band with an IL_(min)of 1.62 dB,have been demonstrated for the first time.These findings position LLSAW on LN-on-SiC platform as a promising commercial-grade candidate for pushing the SAW paradigm towards high frequency and wideband filtering.展开更多
We successfully constructed phase-change quantum dots string(PCQDS)systems and studied their signal responses.The PCQDs actually is a cascaded structure consisted of several stochastic resonance(SR)two-state systems,i...We successfully constructed phase-change quantum dots string(PCQDS)systems and studied their signal responses.The PCQDs actually is a cascaded structure consisted of several stochastic resonance(SR)two-state systems,in which inherent non-linearity,i.e.,phase-change of quantum dots(QDs),plays elementary and important roles to modulate signal output.We established an SR model to simulate signal responses depending on stimulation history.We know that some QDs will oscillate with input forcing frequency,while certain QDs will oscillate in their own frequency triggered by phase transition.These two effectscooperate togeneratepolymorphic response patterns,including action potential patterns exhibited by envelope of spike peak values.An interesting and important simulation is that we replicate the memory effect in Nb-doped AINO,i.e.,a QDs dispersed system.The result indicates that memory can occur in a system only constructed by volatile elementary units,implying memory existing in network.Long-term plasticity and spike-rate dependent plasticity can also be realized by using frequency and phase modulation.Our study provides a new scope to study signal handling and memory effect in quantum system.展开更多
基金funded by the State Grid Corporation Science and Technology Project(5108-202218280A-2-391-XG).
文摘The high proportion of uncertain distributed power sources and the access to large-scale random electric vehicle(EV)charging resources further aggravate the voltage fluctuation of the distribution network,and the existing research has not deeply explored the EV active-reactive synergistic regulating characteristics,and failed to realize themulti-timescale synergistic control with other regulatingmeans,For this reason,this paper proposes amultilevel linkage coordinated optimization strategy to reduce the voltage deviation of the distribution network.Firstly,a capacitor bank reactive power compensation voltage control model and a distributed photovoltaic(PV)activereactive power regulationmodel are established.Additionally,an external characteristicmodel of EVactive-reactive power regulation is developed considering the four-quadrant operational characteristics of the EVcharger.Amultiobjective optimization model of the distribution network is then constructed considering the time-series coupling constraints of multiple types of voltage regulators.A multi-timescale control strategy is proposed by considering the impact of voltage regulators on active-reactive EV energy consumption and PV energy consumption.Then,a four-stage voltage control optimization strategy is proposed for various types of voltage regulators with multiple time scales.Themulti-objective optimization is solved with the improvedDrosophila algorithmto realize the power fluctuation control of the distribution network and themulti-stage voltage control optimization.Simulation results validate that the proposed voltage control optimization strategy achieves the coordinated control of decentralized voltage control resources in the distribution network.It effectively reduces the voltage deviation of the distribution network while ensuring the energy demand of EV users and enhancing the stability and economic efficiency of the distribution network.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFD225)the Major Task Innovation Project of Hubei Province(2023BEB011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB403)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Project of Hubei Province(2019ZYYD069)。
文摘Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life contexts.Gardeniae Fructus oil(OGF)is a waste byproduct of the food industry with promising recycling potential.While previous research has demonstrated the antidepressant effects of OGF,the precise mechanism remains unclear.To fill this gap in the literature,this paper elucidates the composition and potential antidepressant mechanism of OGF.According to the results,OGF is mainly composed of fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter.OGF could effectively attenuate depression-like behaviors in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Mechanisms include improving gut dysbiosis,regulating short-chain fatty acids,protecting the intestinal barrier function,reducing hippocampal damage,and alleviating neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments confirmed the involvement of the gut microbiota in the modulation of depression-like behavior by OGF.This study establishes the antidepressant effects of OGF as well as the underlying mechanism,demonstrating its potential as a novel dietary intervention for depression treatment.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20202BABL206031 and No.20224BAB216024).
文摘Urethral stricture is characterized by the chronic formation of fibrous tissue,leading to the narrowing of the urethral lumen.Despite the availability of various endoscopic treatments,the recurrence of urethral strictures remains a common challenge.Postsurgery pharmacotherapy targeting tissue fibrosis is a promising option for reducing recurrence rates.Although drugs cannot replace surgery,they can be used as adjuvant therapies to improve outcomes.In this regard,many drugs have been proposed based on the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of urethral stricture.Ongoing studies have obtained substantial progress in treating urethral strictures,highlighting the potential for improved drug effectiveness through appropriate clinical delivery methods.Therefore,this review summarizes the latest researches on the mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of urethral stricture and the drugs to provide a theoretical basis and new insights for the effective use and future advancements in drug therapy for urethral stricture.
文摘BACKGROUND:Prolonged invasive respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in patients requiring urgent lung transplantation(ULTx)present signifi cant challenges to clinical practice due to severe underlying diseases and complex conditions.The aim of the study was to report the clinical outcomes of patients who received ULTx and followed the perioperative rehabilitation protocol implemented in a lung transplant center.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted in ULTx patients who required preoperative invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)and ECMO between January 2018 and January 2023.Data were retrieved from electronic medical records at our lung transplant center.RESULTS:Fourteen patients(mean age 57.43±10.97 years;12 males,2 females)underwent ULTx with bridging ECMO and IMV.The mean body mass index was 23.94±3.33 kg/m²,and the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was 21.50±3.96.The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS 2002)scores were≥3.ULTx was performed after an 8.5-day waiting period(interquartile interval[IQR]5.0-26.5 d).Following the surgeries,the average lengths of ECMO and IMV were 1.0(IQR 1.0-2.0)d and 5.0(IQR 3.0-7.3)d,respectively.The total length of hospital stay was 60.1±30.8 d,with an average intensive care unit stay of 38.3±22.9 d and post-operative hospitalization stay of 45.8±26.1 d.Two patients died within 30 d after ULTx,with a 30-day survival rate of 85.71%.CONCLUSION:Patients receiving ULTx showed an acceptable short-term survival rate,validating the practicality and safety of the treatment protocols implemented in our center.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024JJ7198)Science Research Excellent Youth Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.23B0751)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MB065)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101237)。
文摘A facile visible-light-induced 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene(4Cz IPN)catalyzed fourcomponent reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,P4S10and alcohols has been developed at room temperature.This tandem reaction provides an efficient strategy for the construction of various phosphorodithioate-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with moderate to good yields by using air(dioxygen)as the green oxidant.Experimental studies revealed a radical process was involved in this photochemical reaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant (NSFC81970247)。
文摘Background:Administration of propofol,an intravenous anesthetic with antioxidant property,immediately at the onset of post-ischemic reperfusion(propofol postconditioning,P-PostC) has been shown to confer cardioprotection against ischemia–reperfusion(I/R) injury,while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood.The forkhead box O(FoxO) transcription factors are reported to play critical roles in activating cardiomyocyte survival signaling throughout the process of cellular injuries induced by oxidative stress and are also involved in hypoxic postconditioning mediated neuroprotection,however,the role of FoxO in postconditioning mediated protection in the heart and in particular in high glucose condition is unknown.Methods:Rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose(HG) for 48 h,then subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R,composed of 8 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation) in the absence or presence of postconditioning with various concentrations of propofol(P-PostC) at the onset of reoxygenation.After having identified the optical concentration of propofol,H9c2 cells were subjected to H/R and P-PostC in the absence or presence of FoxO1 or FoxO3a gene silencing to explore their roles in P-PostC mediated protection against apoptotic and autophagic cell deaths under hyperglycemia.Results:The results showed that HG with or without H/R decreased cell viability,increased lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) leakage and the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in H9c2 cells,all of which were significantly reversed by propofol(P-PostC),especially at the concentration of 25 μmol/L(P25)(P<0.05,NC vs.HG;HG vs.HG+HR;HG+HR+P12.5 or HG+HR+P25 or HG+HR+P50 vs.HG+HR).Moreover,we found that propofol(P25) decreased H9c2 cells apoptosis and autophagy that were concomitant with increased FoxO1 and FoxO3a expression(P<0.05,HG+HR+P25 vs.HG+HR).The protective effects of propofol(P25) against H/R injury were reversed by silencing FoxO1 or FoxO3a(P<0.05,HG+HR+P25 vs.HG+HR+P25+siRNA-1 or HG+HR+P25+siRNA-5).Conclusions:It is concluded that propofol postconditioning attenuated H9c2 cardiac cells apoptosis and autophagy induced by H/R injury through upregulating FoxO1 and FoxO3a under hyperglycemia.
基金supported by the Research Program of the Liaoning Educational Committee(Grant No.LJZ2016014)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.201501069)+1 种基金the Research Program of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development(Grant No.2015-K7-007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51776131 and 51678375)
文摘Through a series of experiments using denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating sludge in sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）, the variations of the intracellular polymers during the anaerobic phosphorus release process at different pH values were compared, the probable reasons for different performances of phosphorus removal were examined, and system operations in a typical cycle were investigated. The results show that the phosphorus removal rate was positively correlated with pH values in a range of 6.5-8.5. When the pH value was 8.0, the anaerobic phosphorus release rate and anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of the activated sludge were 20.95 mg/（g, h） and 23.29 mg/（g, h）, respectively; the mass fraction of poly-13-hydroxybutyrate （PHB） increased to 62.87 mg/g under anaerobic conditions; the mass fraction of polyphosphate was 92.67 mg/g under anoxic conditions; and the effluent concentration of total phosphorus （TP） was 1.47 mg/L. With the increase of pH, the mass fraction of acetic acid and PHB also increased, and the absorption rate of acetic acid was equal to the disintegration rate of polyphosphate. When the pH value was above 8.0, biological phosphorus removal was achieved by chemical phosphorus precipitation, and the phosphorus removal rate decreased.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51676005)。
文摘Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss.In typical turbine environment,the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles.The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism.In the present paper,a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles(-25°to 55°)is built.Based on the similarity criteria,a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade.A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity.The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles.The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately.The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project, China (No. J2019-II-0012-0032)
文摘Inevitable geometric variations significantly affect the performance of turbines or even that of entire engines;thus,it is necessary to determine their actual characteristics and accurately estimate their impact on performance.In this study,based on 1781 measured profiles of a typical turbine blade,the statistical characteristics of the geometric variations and the uncertainty impact are analyzed,and some commonly used uncertainty modelling methods based on Principal-Component Analysis(PCA)are verified.The geometric variations are found to be evident,asymmetric,and non-uniform,and the non-normality of the random distributions is non-negligible.The performance is notably affected,which is manifested as an overall offset,a notable scattering,and significant deterioration in several extreme cases.Additionally,it is demonstrated that the PCA reconstruction model is effective in characterizing major uncertainty characteristics of the geometric variations and their impact on the performance with almost the first 10 PCA modes.Based on a reasonable profile error and mean geometric deviation,the Gaussian assumption and stochasticprocess-based model are also found to be effective in predicting the mean values and standard deviations of the performance variations.However,they fail to predict the probability of some extreme cases with high loss.Finally,a Chi-square-based correction model is proposed to compensate for this deficiency.The present work can provide a useful reference for uncertainty analysis of the impact of geometric variations,and the corresponding uncertainty design of turbine blades.
基金Supported by Project of Guangxi Health and Health Commission,No.Z20201268。
文摘BACKGROUND Radical gastrectomy(RG)is commonly used in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer(GC),but this procedure may lead to stress responses,postoperative cognitive dysfunction,and blood coagulation abnormalities in patients.AIM To investigate the influences of dexmedetomidine(DEX)on stress responses and postoperative cognitive and coagulation functions in patients undergoing RG under general anesthesia(GA).METHODS One hundred and two patients undergoing RG for GC under GA from February 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Of these,50 patients had received conventional anesthesia intervention[control group(CG)]and 52 patients had received DEX in addition to routine anesthesia intervention[observation group(OG)].Inflammatory factor(IFs;tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α;interleukin-6,IL-6),stress responses(cortisol,Cor;adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH),cognitive function(CF;Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE),neurological function(neuron-specific enolase,NSE;S100 calciumbinding protein B,S100B),and coagulation function(prothrombin time,PT;thromboxane B2,TXB2;fibrinogen,FIB)were compared between the two groups before surgery(T0),as well as at 6 h(T1)and 24 h(T2)after surgery.RESULTS Compared with T0,TNF-α,IL-6,Cor,ACTH,NSE,S100B,PT,TXB2,and FIB showed a significant increase in both groups at T1 and T2,but with even lower levels in OG vs CG.Both groups showed a significant reduction in the MMSE score at T1 and T2 compared with T0,but the MMSE score was notably higher in OG compared with CG.CONCLUSION In addition to a potent inhibitory effect on postoperative IFs and stress responses in GC patients undergoing RG under GA,DEX may also alleviate the coagulation dysfunction and improve the postoperative CF of these patients.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No. 2016YFB0402700)Beijing Science and Technology Project (No. D171100004617001).
文摘The structure and morphology of A1 interdigital transducers as a function of Ni underlayer thickness were studied. The A1 （111） texture intensity increases first and then decreases as Ni underlayer thickness increases. 6-nm Ni underlayer results in the strongest A1 （111） texture with flattest surface, which exhibits almost 10 times longer life in electromigration measurement than those without Ni underlayer. 1.5 GHz surface acoustic wave filters fabri- cated with A1 film on 6-nm Ni underlayer also have improved power durability compared with those without Ni underlayer from 29.0 to 32.5 dBm. It is observed that those fine grains in the 6-nm Ni underlayer greatly enhance A1 （111） texture. Together with increased adhesion force, strong A1 （111） texture accounts for the improved resistance to electromigration and acoustomigration via the reduction of gains boundaries, resistivity, and fine grains at the interface, which is promising for high power surface acoustic wave filters.
基金the National Natura Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.81401051,No 81671051,and No.81501107).
文摘The G2019S mutation of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)is the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD).However,the molecular mechanisms of LRRK2 mutation contributing to the onset and progression of PD have not been fully illustrated.We generated HEK293 cells stably transfected with α-synuclein and investigated the effect of LRRK2 G2019S mutation on the degradation of α-synuclein.The lysosomal activity was assessed by the protein degradation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ribonuclease A.It was found that α-synuclein was mainly degraded in lysosomes.LRRK2G2019S inhibited the degradation of α-synuclein,and promoted its aggregation.LRRK2G 2019S also decreased the activities of lysosomal enzymes including cathepsin B and cathepsin L.Furthermore,the inhibitory effect of LRRK2 G2019S on lysosomal functions did not depend on its kinase activity.These findings indicated that the inhibitory effect of LRRK2 G2019S on α-synuclein degradation could underlie the pathogenesis of aberrant α-synuclein aggregation in PD with LRRK2 mutation.
基金supported by National Natural Science foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51371103 and 51231004)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB832905)+1 种基金National Hi-tech (R&D) Project of China (Grant Nos. 2012AA03A706, 2013AA030801)the Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 113007A)
文摘Enhancing ion conductance and controlling transport pathway in organic electrolyte could be used to modulate ionic kinetics to handle signals. In a Pt/Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)/Polyethylene?Li CF3SO3/Pt hetero-junction, the electrolyte layer handled at high temperature showed nano-fiber microstructures accompanied with greatly improved salt solubility. Ions with high mobility were confined in the nano-fibrous channels leading to the semiconducting polymer layer,which is favorable for modulating dynamic doping at the semiconducting polymer/electrolyte interface by pulse frequency.Such a device realized synaptic-like frequency selectivity, i.e., depression at low frequency stimulation but potentiation at high-frequency stimulation.
基金Aero Engine Corporation of China(HFZL2020CXY014-1,HFZL2020CXY014-2)。
文摘In a high thrust-weight-ratio aero-engine,turbine blades are exposed to extremely high temperature and pressure which sets higher demands in the blade cooling technology.To boost film-cooling effectiveness,an accurate,efficient,and all-sided inspection of film cooling holes is urgently requested to ensure the quality of turbine blades.The tiny size of film-cooling holes adds to extreme difficulties in the inspection process both by contact and non-contact measurement.This paper proposed a non-contact measuring technique to cope with the inspection of turbine blades.A specially designed light-field camera with a small field of view and proper depth of field is applied to resolve a 3D geometry of film cooling holes.The technique uses one light field camera to capture images of the blade surface.3D lightfield reconstruction algoritm is applied and point cloud of the blade is generated.Due to the compactness of the non-contact single light-field imaging system,information inside the holes becomes attainable.By precisely controlling the relative pose of the camera to the blade surface,the device can obtain hole diamter and outlet angle with an accuracy of±0.03mm and±1°17’respectively.The average time consumed for reconstructing one film cooling hole is about 5 seconds.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21602055)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2017JJ3094).
文摘Benzene is a volatile organic compound that can seriously harm human health,while it can serve as a precursor to produce chemicals of more complex structures in chemical industry.Capturing benzene using adsorbents is of great importance for human health,when the separation of hydrocarbons including benzene from crude oil was referred to as one of the“seven chemical separations to change the world”.In this work,we reported the efficient and selective separation of benzene from BTX and cyclohexane by hydrogen bonding self-assembly nonporous adaptive crystals AdaOH for the first time under mild and user-friendly conditions.Separation of benzene and cyclohexane(v/v=1:1)can be achieved by AdaOH with a purity of benzene up to 96.8%.Separation of BTX(v/v;benzene:toluene:o-xylene:m-xylene:pxylene=1:1:1:1:1)can be achieved by AdaOH with a purity of benzene increased from 20%to 82.9%.Our results suggest that separation of benzene using the activated AdaOH as a non-porous adaptive crystal for selectively and efficiently capturing benzene can solve the challenge in separation of benzene from other chemicals such as cyclohexane in chemical industry,and can be helpful for removal of benzene that is released from the vehicles to air.The advantages of commercially availability,easy preparation,high separation efficiency and selectivity for benzene might endow this material with enormous potential for practical uses in areas like petrochemical industry.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21602055 and 51772091)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2017JJ3094)Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province(No.18C1072).
文摘A novel good water-soluble macrocycle containing two pyridinium moieties was synthesized in high yield.It could form 1:1 complexes with neutral vips containing naphthalene or phenyl units in water.The water-soluble macrocycle can selectively encapsulate naphthalene to form a 1:1 complex over a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Jiangsu Province under Grant 2021K622C.
文摘A blockchain-based power transaction method is proposed for Active Distribution Network(ADN),considering the poor security and high cost of a centralized power trading system.Firstly,the decentralized blockchain structure of the ADN power transaction is built and the transaction information is kept in blocks.Secondly,considering the transaction needs between users and power suppliers in ADN,an energy request mechanism is proposed,and the optimization objective function is designed by integrating cost aware requests and storage aware requests.Finally,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for multi-objective optimal search to find the power trading scheme with the minimum power purchase cost of users and the maximum power sold by power suppliers.The experimental demonstration of the proposed method based on the experimental platform shows that when the number of participants is no more than 10,the transaction delay time is 0.2 s,and the transaction cost fluctuates at 200,000 yuan,which is better than other comparison methods.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21602055)Sci-Tech Innovation Teams in Universities of Hunan Province for financial support
文摘Two novel [3]pseudorotaxanes can be selectively synthesized from four components through self-sorting processes, which provides a new strategy for the construction of a well-organized heteropolyrotaxane.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3606700)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant No.JQ20010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52002205)。
文摘With the surge in fifth-generation(5G)wireless systems and escalating growth of data traffic,the push for higher carrier frequencies with wider bandwidths intensifies.This work reveals the outstanding capabilities of wafer-level longitudinal leaky surface acoustic wave(LLSAW)devices on the lithium niobate on insulator(LNOI)platform in scaling SAW technology beyond 4 GHz by mass-produced lithography.Leveraging SiC-based LNOI,the fabricated LLSAW resonators showcase remarkable quality factor(Q),scalable electromechanical factor k_(eff)^(2)from 14%to 28%,and record high figure-of-merit(FoM)of 166 to 222 at 5-6 GHz.Targeted for diverse bands,LLSAW filters with adaptable bandwidths have been realized on specific LN-on-SiC platforms.The filters covering the n79 full band with a minimum insertion loss(IL_(min))of 0.85 dB and the 5 GHz Wi-Fi full band with an IL_(min)of 1.62 dB,have been demonstrated for the first time.These findings position LLSAW on LN-on-SiC platform as a promising commercial-grade candidate for pushing the SAW paradigm towards high frequency and wideband filtering.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972192).
文摘We successfully constructed phase-change quantum dots string(PCQDS)systems and studied their signal responses.The PCQDs actually is a cascaded structure consisted of several stochastic resonance(SR)two-state systems,in which inherent non-linearity,i.e.,phase-change of quantum dots(QDs),plays elementary and important roles to modulate signal output.We established an SR model to simulate signal responses depending on stimulation history.We know that some QDs will oscillate with input forcing frequency,while certain QDs will oscillate in their own frequency triggered by phase transition.These two effectscooperate togeneratepolymorphic response patterns,including action potential patterns exhibited by envelope of spike peak values.An interesting and important simulation is that we replicate the memory effect in Nb-doped AINO,i.e.,a QDs dispersed system.The result indicates that memory can occur in a system only constructed by volatile elementary units,implying memory existing in network.Long-term plasticity and spike-rate dependent plasticity can also be realized by using frequency and phase modulation.Our study provides a new scope to study signal handling and memory effect in quantum system.
