BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytoma and paragangliomas(PPGL)are rare neuroendocrine tumors usually caused by parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves,with an overall incidence of approximately 0.66 cases per 100000 people per y...BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytoma and paragangliomas(PPGL)are rare neuroendocrine tumors usually caused by parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves,with an overall incidence of approximately 0.66 cases per 100000 people per year.Most PPGLs are asymptomatic,and a few develop symptoms,such as elevated blood pressure and rapid heart rate,because of the release of catecholamines.According to the literature,surgical resection is the mainstay of PPGL treatment.However,the choice between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery remains controversial,particularly in cases involving complex anatomical relationships.We successfully resected a tumor located between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta using a minimally invasive approach with the assistance of computed tomography(CT)angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction,resulting in a favorable outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with right upper abdominal discomfort for more than 6 months,experiencing occasional pins and needles sensation and radiation from the right shoulder and back.Prehospital CT of the upper abdomen revealed a retroperitoneal mass suspected to be a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma.Surgery was recommended,and an enhanced CT scan of the upper abdomen,along with preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction,was performed after admission.The imaging indicated that the mass,measuring approximately 4.1 cm×3.8 cm×4.8 cm,was situated between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava,extending downward to the level of the left renal vein.After ruling out any contraindications to surgery,a minimally invasive laparoscopy was performed to excise the mass precisely.The surgery was successful without any postoperative complications,and the 2-month follow-up revealed no abnormal signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This case report describes successful and precise laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal tumor.The patient recovered well during the 2-month follow-up,and postoperative pathology revealed a paraganglioma.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infan...<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants in China still needs to be improved at present, and the factors affecting breastfeeding are different in different places. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the current status and influencing factors of preterm infants breastfeeding in Jingzhou 3A hospitals. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect breastfeeding information of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May to August in 2019 in Jingzhou 3A Hospital, and 152 premature infants’ related information were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the mothers who failed to breastfeed. <strong>Results: </strong>The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among premature infants in NICU was 9.87%. The rates of first breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were 13.16% and 32.89% respectively. Not producing enough milk and knowing the right way to pump breast milk contributed a lot to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>More attention should be paid to the health education and management to improve the rate of breastfeeding in NICU.展开更多
The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temper...The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temperature(SST)changes using idealized SST patch experiments with a climate model.Our findings reveal that the SAV intensity is most sensitive to SST variations in the tropics and northern midlatitudes during boreal winter(December-January-February).Specifically,warming in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic leads to a weakening of the SAV,while warming in the tropical Indian Ocean,northern midlatitude Atlantic,and northwestern Pacific strengthens the SAV.Notably,the most substantial SAV weakening(strengthening)is triggered by warming in the tropical western Pacific(tropical central Indian Ocean),with a maximum magnitude of approximately 2.23 K K^(-1)(-1.77 K K^(-1)).The SST warming in the tropics influences the tropical convections,which excite Rossby wave trains.These wave trains can interfere with the climatological waves in the mid-high latitudes,while the SST warming in the northern midlatitudes can influence tropospheric planetary wavenumber-1 and wavenumber-2 directly.The changes in tropospheric planetary waves modulate the upward propagation of wave activities and impact the SAV intensity.Additionally,the response of the SAV to tropical SST changes,especially over the Indian Ocean and subtropics,exhibits significant nonlinearity.展开更多
The full utilization of affordable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)based on all-aluminum current collectors is hindered by low specific energy,limited lifespan,and safety concerns,primarily due to the lack of suitable el...The full utilization of affordable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)based on all-aluminum current collectors is hindered by low specific energy,limited lifespan,and safety concerns,primarily due to the lack of suitable electrolytes for high-capacity electrodes.This work introduces new molecular insights,from bulk solvation chemistry to interfacial behaviors,for designing compatible electrolytes.Fluorinated triethyl phosphate(FTEP)of tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate was strategically selected as a low-polarity solvating solvent to create an anion-rich solvation sheath,albeit with reduced ion mobility at moderate concentration(1.0 mol·L^(−1)).The deficiency of solvating-solvent molecules in the primary solvation sheath facilitates the formation of a protective layer derived from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion decomposition,ultimately inhibiting undesirable side reactions at electrode/electrolyte interfaces.Moreover,FTEP as the sole solvating solvent endows the electrolyte with exceptional flame retardancy.The results provide crucial insights into the role of solvation chemistry on solvation structure and interfacial transport dynamics,critical for advancing the development of compatible electrolytes for high-performance PIBs.展开更多
Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recove...Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recovery are also worth discussing.This paper investigates the independent and joint influences of changes in global methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sea surface temperature(SST)on stratospheric O_(3)under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5 scenario in 2050 using sensitivity experiments with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,version4.Results show that,in the polar lower stratosphere,CH_(4)can reduce ODSs via chemical processes and further increase stratospheric O_(3)and temperature,which tends to reduce polar stratospheric clouds.This acts as positive feedback to O_(3)recovery.The increase of CH_(4)in the sensitivity experiments(CH_(4)is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5scenario)could lead to a polar O_(3)recovery of about 27.9 DU in the Arctic.Increased CO_(2)(CO_(2) is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5 scenario)can indirectly lead to a 6.5 DU increase in global total column O_(3)(TCO)through radiative effects,while the influence of SST on TCO in tropical regions can reach-3.3%.For the joint impact of CH_(4),CO_(2)and SST changes,CH_(4)can account for up to 69.0%of the TCO variations in the Antarctic region.Finally,we compare the effects of CH_(4)and ODSs on O_(3)in the polar regions in future experiments based on the RCP8.5 scenario.We find that ODSs are a dominant factor in O_(3)depletion in both poles;however,after 2040,the influence of increased CH_(4)on O_(3)recovery in the Arctic will surpass the effect of decreased ODSs.It implies that the future increase in CH_(4)may have an important impact on O_(3).展开更多
The canonical description of structures comprises two aspects:(1)basic structural elements and(2)arrangement pattern between those elements.This tidy description has been very successful and facilitates the developmen...The canonical description of structures comprises two aspects:(1)basic structural elements and(2)arrangement pattern between those elements.This tidy description has been very successful and facilitates the development of structural physics tremendously,enabling the classification,comparison and analysis of an extremely wide range of structures,including crystals,quasi-crystals,liquid crystals,semi-crystalline materials and so on.However,it has been gradually realized that many novel materials and devices exhibit random structures in which either basic elements or arrangement patterns may not exist.With the rapid development of modern advanced materials,this type of apparently random structure pops up frequently,leaving researchers struggling with how to describe,classify and quantitatively compare them.This paper proposes the utilization of statistical characteristics as the major indicators for the description of apparently random structures.Specifically,we have explored many statistical properties,including power spectral density,histograms,structural complexity,entropic complexity,autocorrelation,etc.,and found that autocorrelation may serve as a promising statistical proxy to distinguish similar-looking random structures.We discuss eight atomic force microscope images of random structures,demonstrating that autocorrelation can be used to distinguish them.In addition,14 more diverse datasets are used to support this conclusion,including atomic force microscopy images of polymers and non-polymers,transmission electron microscopy images of nanocomposite layers and scanning electron microscopy images of non-polymers.展开更多
目的:探索分化抑制因子(inhibitor of differentiation,ID)家族在慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)中的表达和启动子甲基化水平,并分析其临床意义。方法:应用定量PCR及定量甲基化特异性PCR的方法检测2010年1月至2017年12...目的:探索分化抑制因子(inhibitor of differentiation,ID)家族在慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)中的表达和启动子甲基化水平,并分析其临床意义。方法:应用定量PCR及定量甲基化特异性PCR的方法检测2010年1月至2017年12月期间江苏大学附属人民医院就诊的非恶性血液病患者(对照组)和CML患者骨髓单个核细胞中ID2/ID3/ID4表达及ID4启动子甲基化水平,通过分组分析ID家族异常的临床意义。结果:ID2及ID3表达在CML患者中均呈现显著上调(P<0.001,P<0.05),而ID4表达在CML患者中呈现显著下调(P<0.01)。其中,接受者操作特征曲线分析揭示ID2表达可作为CML鉴别的潜在分子标志物(AUC=0.895,P<0.001)。CML患者中ID4启动子高甲基化概率显著高于对照组患者(P=0.001),且ID4启动子甲基化与ID4表达呈现负相关(r=-0.424,P=0.002)。通过分组分析发现ID2高表达较易发生于男性患者中(P=0.040);ID4低表达/高甲基化较易发生于加速/急变期患者(P=0.003,P<0.001)。此外,CML加速/急变期患者ID4表达水平低于慢性期患者(P<0.001),而ID4甲基化水平高于慢性期患者(P<0.001)。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发现ID4高甲基化是CML患者疾病进展的独立危险因素(P=0.007)。结论:ID家族在CML患者中表达态势不同,其中ID2/ID3表达上调;而ID4表达下调,与ID4启动子高甲基化相关。ID4表达/甲基化与CML疾病进展相关,其中ID4甲基化可能是CML疾病进展的独立危险因素。展开更多
In this work,we searched for short-timescale variations of polarizations in five magnetars observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer.Only 4U 0142+61 showed an indication of variations of polarization degree(P...In this work,we searched for short-timescale variations of polarizations in five magnetars observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer.Only 4U 0142+61 showed an indication of variations of polarization degree(PD),with the significance of 3.0σbetween the highest and lowest PDs,though no significant changes were observed in the polarization angle and emission features during this process.1RXS J170849.0−40091,SGR 1806−20,1E 2259+586 and 1E 1841−045 remained stable within the error ranges.To verify these results,we also performed simulations assuming constant polarization over their observation period.The results indicated that the probability of the detected PD of 4U 0142+61,being due to statistical fluctuations is only 5.8%.However,we cannot rule out the possibility of statistical fluctuations for 4U 0142+61,if the observed PD variation is indeed a real physical phenomenon,which would be necessary to be confirmed in future observations.展开更多
A robust decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability （DIOD） is identified in observations and found to be related to tropical Pacific decadal variability （TPDV）. A Pacific Ocean-global atmosphere （POGA） experiment,...A robust decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability （DIOD） is identified in observations and found to be related to tropical Pacific decadal variability （TPDV）. A Pacific Ocean-global atmosphere （POGA） experiment, with fixed radiative forcing, is conducted to evaluate the DIOD variability and its relationship with the TPDV. In this experiment, the sea surface temperature anomalies are restored to observations over the tropical Pacific, but left as interactive with the atmosphere elsewhere. The TPDV-forced DIOD, represented as the ensemble mean of 10 simulations in POGA, accounts for one third of the total variance. The forced DIOD is triggered by anomalous Walker circulation in response to the TPDV and develops following Bjerknes feedback. Thermocline anomalies do not exhibit a propagating signal, indicating an absence of oceanic planetary wave adjustment in the subtropical Indian Ocean. The DIOD-TPDV correlation differs among the 10 simulations, with a low correlation corresponding to a strong internal DIOD independent of the TPDV. The variance of this internal DIOD depends on the background state in the Indian Ocean, modulated by the thermocline depth off Sumatra/Java.展开更多
Background: Traditional treatment of axillary odour is the surgical removal of skin and subcutaneous tissue along the edge of the axillary hair in a fusiform shape, which requires the restriction of upper limb activit...Background: Traditional treatment of axillary odour is the surgical removal of skin and subcutaneous tissue along the edge of the axillary hair in a fusiform shape, which requires the restriction of upper limb activity, has large scars and a high recurrence rate. Minimally invasive methods have developed in recent years. The subcutaneous trimming method with small incision reduces the incision compared to traditional incision, but still requires skin incision, which does not achieve true, minimally invasive treatment. Simple negative pressure suction is difficult to destroy the sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the dermis layer. Thus, we hypothesized that combination of three minimally invasive methods might be more effective. Objective: To explore the clinical effect of combined treatment of axillary osmidrosis by three minimally invasive methods of microwave, scraping & suction and scratching. Methods: From October 2015 to October 2020, 80 patients with underarm odor were enrolled and lacal swelling anesthetic was applied. Microwave was used to treat sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the dermis following the pores. The curettage-aspiration was used to scrape and suck the apocrine sweat glands in the subcutaneous fat layer and the junction between the subcutaneous fat and dermis. To achieve the purpose of minimally invasive and thorough treatment of underarm odor, the spoon scraped the remaining sweat gland tissue. Results: Among 80 patients on 160 sides, all cases (100.00%) were cured on 160 sides at 1 month post-operative follow-up, 75 cases (93.75%) were cured on 150 sides, 5 cases (6.25%) on 5 sides were ineffective at 6-month post-operative follow-up, 74 cases (92.50%) were cured on 148 sides, 6 cases (7.50%) on 5 sides were ineffective at 1-year post-operative follow-up. Complications occurred in 5 cases (6.25%) after operation: 2 cases (2.50%) with skin necrosis on 3 sides, 1 case (1.25%) with uneven skin on 2 sides, 1 case (1.25%) with axillary abscess on 2 sides, and 1 case (1.25%) with keloids on 2 sides. Conclusion: The combination of three minimally invasive methods of microwave, scraping & suction and scratching to treat underarm odor is simple operation, has high cure rate, quick postoperative recovery, and few complications. It is an effective method for minimally invasive and thorough treatment of underarm odor in clinic.展开更多
Photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production provides a clean and sustainable strategy for artificial photosynthesis.Herein,an inorganic/organic composite photocatalyst was fabricated by in-situ growth of CdS nanoparticles on ...Photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production provides a clean and sustainable strategy for artificial photosynthesis.Herein,an inorganic/organic composite photocatalyst was fabricated by in-situ growth of CdS nanoparticles on the surface of resorcinol-formaldehyde(RF)resin spheres.RF spheres played multiple roles:(i)acting as a substrate for the growth of CdS and constructing a core-shell structure with seamless con-tact;(ⅱ)improving visible light absorption of CdS;(ⅲ)forming an S-scheme heterojunction with CdS and promoting the charge separation and transfer.Consequently,under visible light illumination,CdS/RF composite presented remarkably enhanced H_(2)O_(2)production activity.Its H_(2)O_(2)yield in 60 min was 801μmol L^(-1),which was 5.2 and 1.5 times higher than that of RF spheres and CdS hollow spheres,respectively.The charge migration between CdS and RF followed the S-scheme photocatalytic mechanism,which was verified by work function measurement,ex-situ and in-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.This work brings a novel insight into designing RF-based inorganic/organic S-scheme heterojunction pho-tocatalysts for efficient H_(2)O_(2)production.展开更多
Recent studies demonstrate that the Antarctic Ozone Hole has important influences on Antarctic sea ice.While most of these works have focused on effects associated with atmospheric and oceanic dynamic processes caused...Recent studies demonstrate that the Antarctic Ozone Hole has important influences on Antarctic sea ice.While most of these works have focused on effects associated with atmospheric and oceanic dynamic processes caused by stratospheric ozone changes,here we show that stratospheric ozone-induced cloud radiative effects also play important roles in causing changes in Antarctic sea ice.Our simulations demonstrate that the recovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole causes decreases in clouds over Southern Hemisphere(SH)high latitudes and increases in clouds over the SH extratropics.The decrease in clouds leads to a reduction in downward infrared radiation,especially in austral autumn.This results in cooling of the Southern Ocean surface and increasing Antarctic sea ice.Surface cooling also involves ice-albedo feedback.Increasing sea ice reflects solar radiation and causes further cooling and more increases in Antarctic sea ice.展开更多
Research reactors with neutron fluxes higher than 10^(14) n cm^(−2) s^(−1) are widely used in nuclear fuel and material irradiation,neutron-based scientific research,and medical and industrial isotope production.Such ...Research reactors with neutron fluxes higher than 10^(14) n cm^(−2) s^(−1) are widely used in nuclear fuel and material irradiation,neutron-based scientific research,and medical and industrial isotope production.Such high flux research reactors are not only important scientific research facilities for the development of nuclear energy but also represent the national comprehensive technical capability.China has several high flux research reactors that do not satisfy the requirements of nuclear energy development.A high flux research reactor has the following features:a compact core arrangement,high power density,plate-type fuel elements,a short refueling cycle,and high coolant velocity in the core.These characteristics make it difficult to simultaneously realize high neutron flux and optimal safety margin.A new multi-mission high flux research reactor was designed by the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology at Tsinghua University in China;the reactor can simul-taneously realize an average neutron flux higher than 2.0×10^(15) n cm^(−2) s^(−1) and fulfill the current safety criterion.This high flux research reactor features advanced design concepts and has sufficient safety margins according to the preliminary safety analysis.Based on the analysis of the station blackout accident,loss of coolant accident,and reactivity accident of a single-control drum rotating out accidently,the maximum temperature of the cladding surface,minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio,and temperature difference to the onset of nucleate boiling temperature satisfy the design limits.展开更多
In this review,instead of summarizing all the advances and progress achieved in stratospheric research,the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate in...In this review,instead of summarizing all the advances and progress achieved in stratospheric research,the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions are summarized,and some outstanding issues and grand challenges are discussed.A consensus has been reached that the stratospheric state is an important source of improving the predictability of the troposphere on sub-seasonal to seasonal(S2S)time scales and beyond.However,applying stratospheric signals in operational S2S forecast models remains a challenge because of model deficiencies and the complexities of the underlying mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere coupling.Stratospheric chemistry,which controls the magnitude and distribution of many important climate-forcing agents,plays a critical role in global climate change.Convincing evidence has been found that stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery have caused significant tropospheric climate changes,and more recent studies have revealed that stratospheric ozone variations can even exert an impact on SSTs and sea ice.The climatic impacts of stratospheric aerosols and water vapor are also important.Although their quantitative contributions to radiative forcing have been reasonably well quantified,there still exist large uncertainties in their long-term impacts on climate.The advances and new levels of understanding presented in this review suggest that whole-atmosphere interactions need to be considered in future for a better and more thorough understanding of stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its role in climate change.展开更多
The neutron-to-proton and3 H-to-3 He yield ratios, and the directed flows of particles dependent on a reduced rapidity, the transverse momentum per nucleon,and a reduced impact parameter are investigated for ^(28)S+^(...The neutron-to-proton and3 H-to-3 He yield ratios, and the directed flows of particles dependent on a reduced rapidity, the transverse momentum per nucleon,and a reduced impact parameter are investigated for ^(28)S+^(28)Si and ^(32)S+^(28)Si systems at 50 and 400 MeV/u using an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model.The results show that these yield ratios of projectile-like fragments are approximately equal to the constituent neutron-to-proton ratio of the projectile. There are clear differences of the directed flows for isospin-related fragments neutron and proton,~3H and ~3He from ^(28)S+^(28)Si collisions.The differences in directed flows for neutrons and protons and ~3H–~3He from a proton-rich nucleus ^(28)S- induced collisions are noticeably larger than those from a stable nucleus ^(32)S- induced reactions under medium impact parameters. Thus, the yield ratios and differences in directed flows for the neutrons and protons and ~3H–~3He under medium impact parameters are proposed as possible observable items for studying isospin physics.展开更多
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet(UV)radiation harms humans and ecosystems.The level of surface UV radiation had increased due to declines in stratospheric ozone in the late 1970s in response to emissions of chloroflu...Excessive exposure to ultraviolet(UV)radiation harms humans and ecosystems.The level of surface UV radiation had increased due to declines in stratospheric ozone in the late 1970s in response to emissions of chlorofluorocarbons.Following the implementation of the Montreal Protocol,the stratospheric loading of chlorine/bromine peaked in the late 1990s and then decreased;subsequently,stratospheric ozone and surface UV radiation would be expected to recover and decrease,respectively.Here,we show,based on multiple data sources,that the May–September surface UV radiation in the tropics and Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes has undergone a statistically significant increasing trend[about 60.0 J m^(–2)(10 yr)^(–1)]at the 2σlevel for the period 2010–20,due to the onset of total column ozone(TCO)depletion[about−3.5 DU(10 yr)^(–1)].Further analysis shows that the declines in stratospheric ozone after 2010 could be related to an increase in stratospheric nitrogen oxides due to increasing emissions of the source gas nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytoma and paragangliomas(PPGL)are rare neuroendocrine tumors usually caused by parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves,with an overall incidence of approximately 0.66 cases per 100000 people per year.Most PPGLs are asymptomatic,and a few develop symptoms,such as elevated blood pressure and rapid heart rate,because of the release of catecholamines.According to the literature,surgical resection is the mainstay of PPGL treatment.However,the choice between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery remains controversial,particularly in cases involving complex anatomical relationships.We successfully resected a tumor located between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta using a minimally invasive approach with the assistance of computed tomography(CT)angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction,resulting in a favorable outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with right upper abdominal discomfort for more than 6 months,experiencing occasional pins and needles sensation and radiation from the right shoulder and back.Prehospital CT of the upper abdomen revealed a retroperitoneal mass suspected to be a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma.Surgery was recommended,and an enhanced CT scan of the upper abdomen,along with preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction,was performed after admission.The imaging indicated that the mass,measuring approximately 4.1 cm×3.8 cm×4.8 cm,was situated between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava,extending downward to the level of the left renal vein.After ruling out any contraindications to surgery,a minimally invasive laparoscopy was performed to excise the mass precisely.The surgery was successful without any postoperative complications,and the 2-month follow-up revealed no abnormal signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This case report describes successful and precise laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal tumor.The patient recovered well during the 2-month follow-up,and postoperative pathology revealed a paraganglioma.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants in China still needs to be improved at present, and the factors affecting breastfeeding are different in different places. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the current status and influencing factors of preterm infants breastfeeding in Jingzhou 3A hospitals. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect breastfeeding information of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May to August in 2019 in Jingzhou 3A Hospital, and 152 premature infants’ related information were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the mothers who failed to breastfeed. <strong>Results: </strong>The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among premature infants in NICU was 9.87%. The rates of first breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were 13.16% and 32.89% respectively. Not producing enough milk and knowing the right way to pump breast milk contributed a lot to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>More attention should be paid to the health education and management to improve the rate of breastfeeding in NICU.
基金the financial support of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0801701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42375070)。
文摘The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temperature(SST)changes using idealized SST patch experiments with a climate model.Our findings reveal that the SAV intensity is most sensitive to SST variations in the tropics and northern midlatitudes during boreal winter(December-January-February).Specifically,warming in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic leads to a weakening of the SAV,while warming in the tropical Indian Ocean,northern midlatitude Atlantic,and northwestern Pacific strengthens the SAV.Notably,the most substantial SAV weakening(strengthening)is triggered by warming in the tropical western Pacific(tropical central Indian Ocean),with a maximum magnitude of approximately 2.23 K K^(-1)(-1.77 K K^(-1)).The SST warming in the tropics influences the tropical convections,which excite Rossby wave trains.These wave trains can interfere with the climatological waves in the mid-high latitudes,while the SST warming in the northern midlatitudes can influence tropospheric planetary wavenumber-1 and wavenumber-2 directly.The changes in tropospheric planetary waves modulate the upward propagation of wave activities and impact the SAV intensity.Additionally,the response of the SAV to tropical SST changes,especially over the Indian Ocean and subtropics,exhibits significant nonlinearity.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52301280)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20240813142526034)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515010810)the Scientific Foundation for Youth Scholars of Shenzhen University(Grant No.868-000001032171).
文摘The full utilization of affordable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)based on all-aluminum current collectors is hindered by low specific energy,limited lifespan,and safety concerns,primarily due to the lack of suitable electrolytes for high-capacity electrodes.This work introduces new molecular insights,from bulk solvation chemistry to interfacial behaviors,for designing compatible electrolytes.Fluorinated triethyl phosphate(FTEP)of tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate was strategically selected as a low-polarity solvating solvent to create an anion-rich solvation sheath,albeit with reduced ion mobility at moderate concentration(1.0 mol·L^(−1)).The deficiency of solvating-solvent molecules in the primary solvation sheath facilitates the formation of a protective layer derived from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion decomposition,ultimately inhibiting undesirable side reactions at electrode/electrolyte interfaces.Moreover,FTEP as the sole solvating solvent endows the electrolyte with exceptional flame retardancy.The results provide crucial insights into the role of solvation chemistry on solvation structure and interfacial transport dynamics,critical for advancing the development of compatible electrolytes for high-performance PIBs.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42122037,42375070 and 42275084)。
文摘Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recovery are also worth discussing.This paper investigates the independent and joint influences of changes in global methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sea surface temperature(SST)on stratospheric O_(3)under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5 scenario in 2050 using sensitivity experiments with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,version4.Results show that,in the polar lower stratosphere,CH_(4)can reduce ODSs via chemical processes and further increase stratospheric O_(3)and temperature,which tends to reduce polar stratospheric clouds.This acts as positive feedback to O_(3)recovery.The increase of CH_(4)in the sensitivity experiments(CH_(4)is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5scenario)could lead to a polar O_(3)recovery of about 27.9 DU in the Arctic.Increased CO_(2)(CO_(2) is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5 scenario)can indirectly lead to a 6.5 DU increase in global total column O_(3)(TCO)through radiative effects,while the influence of SST on TCO in tropical regions can reach-3.3%.For the joint impact of CH_(4),CO_(2)and SST changes,CH_(4)can account for up to 69.0%of the TCO variations in the Antarctic region.Finally,we compare the effects of CH_(4)and ODSs on O_(3)in the polar regions in future experiments based on the RCP8.5 scenario.We find that ODSs are a dominant factor in O_(3)depletion in both poles;however,after 2040,the influence of increased CH_(4)on O_(3)recovery in the Arctic will surpass the effect of decreased ODSs.It implies that the future increase in CH_(4)may have an important impact on O_(3).
基金supported by the School Important Direction Project Cultivation Fund and Key Fund Project for Youth Innovation(Grant Nos.WK2310000101,YD2310002006,and BJ2310000055).
文摘The canonical description of structures comprises two aspects:(1)basic structural elements and(2)arrangement pattern between those elements.This tidy description has been very successful and facilitates the development of structural physics tremendously,enabling the classification,comparison and analysis of an extremely wide range of structures,including crystals,quasi-crystals,liquid crystals,semi-crystalline materials and so on.However,it has been gradually realized that many novel materials and devices exhibit random structures in which either basic elements or arrangement patterns may not exist.With the rapid development of modern advanced materials,this type of apparently random structure pops up frequently,leaving researchers struggling with how to describe,classify and quantitatively compare them.This paper proposes the utilization of statistical characteristics as the major indicators for the description of apparently random structures.Specifically,we have explored many statistical properties,including power spectral density,histograms,structural complexity,entropic complexity,autocorrelation,etc.,and found that autocorrelation may serve as a promising statistical proxy to distinguish similar-looking random structures.We discuss eight atomic force microscope images of random structures,demonstrating that autocorrelation can be used to distinguish them.In addition,14 more diverse datasets are used to support this conclusion,including atomic force microscopy images of polymers and non-polymers,transmission electron microscopy images of nanocomposite layers and scanning electron microscopy images of non-polymers.
文摘目的:探索分化抑制因子(inhibitor of differentiation,ID)家族在慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)中的表达和启动子甲基化水平,并分析其临床意义。方法:应用定量PCR及定量甲基化特异性PCR的方法检测2010年1月至2017年12月期间江苏大学附属人民医院就诊的非恶性血液病患者(对照组)和CML患者骨髓单个核细胞中ID2/ID3/ID4表达及ID4启动子甲基化水平,通过分组分析ID家族异常的临床意义。结果:ID2及ID3表达在CML患者中均呈现显著上调(P<0.001,P<0.05),而ID4表达在CML患者中呈现显著下调(P<0.01)。其中,接受者操作特征曲线分析揭示ID2表达可作为CML鉴别的潜在分子标志物(AUC=0.895,P<0.001)。CML患者中ID4启动子高甲基化概率显著高于对照组患者(P=0.001),且ID4启动子甲基化与ID4表达呈现负相关(r=-0.424,P=0.002)。通过分组分析发现ID2高表达较易发生于男性患者中(P=0.040);ID4低表达/高甲基化较易发生于加速/急变期患者(P=0.003,P<0.001)。此外,CML加速/急变期患者ID4表达水平低于慢性期患者(P<0.001),而ID4甲基化水平高于慢性期患者(P<0.001)。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发现ID4高甲基化是CML患者疾病进展的独立危险因素(P=0.007)。结论:ID家族在CML患者中表达态势不同,其中ID2/ID3表达上调;而ID4表达下调,与ID4启动子高甲基化相关。ID4表达/甲基化与CML疾病进展相关,其中ID4甲基化可能是CML疾病进展的独立危险因素。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant Nos.2023YFE0117200 and 2021YFA0718500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.12373041,12422306,12333007 and 12373051)+5 种基金the Program of Bagui Scholars Program(XF)supported by the Guangxi Talent Program(“Highland of Innovation Talents”)supported by the Italian Space Agency(Agenzia Spaziale Italiana,ASI)through contract ASI-INAF-2022-19-HH.0by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica(INAF)in Italypartially supported by MAECI with grant CN24GR08“GRBAXP:Guangxi-Rome Bilateral Agreement for X-ray Polarimetry in Astrophysics.”supported by Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(grant No.YCBZ2025065).
文摘In this work,we searched for short-timescale variations of polarizations in five magnetars observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer.Only 4U 0142+61 showed an indication of variations of polarization degree(PD),with the significance of 3.0σbetween the highest and lowest PDs,though no significant changes were observed in the polarization angle and emission features during this process.1RXS J170849.0−40091,SGR 1806−20,1E 2259+586 and 1E 1841−045 remained stable within the error ranges.To verify these results,we also performed simulations assuming constant polarization over their observation period.The results indicated that the probability of the detected PD of 4U 0142+61,being due to statistical fluctuations is only 5.8%.However,we cannot rule out the possibility of statistical fluctuations for 4U 0142+61,if the observed PD variation is indeed a real physical phenomenon,which would be necessary to be confirmed in future observations.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0601803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project(41606008,41525019)+3 种基金the State Oceanic Administration of China(GASI-IPOVAI-02)the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.LTO1603)the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science[Grantin-Aid for Young Scientists(A)JP15H05466]and the Japanese Ministry of Environment(Environment Research and Technology Development Fund 2-1503)
文摘A robust decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability （DIOD） is identified in observations and found to be related to tropical Pacific decadal variability （TPDV）. A Pacific Ocean-global atmosphere （POGA） experiment, with fixed radiative forcing, is conducted to evaluate the DIOD variability and its relationship with the TPDV. In this experiment, the sea surface temperature anomalies are restored to observations over the tropical Pacific, but left as interactive with the atmosphere elsewhere. The TPDV-forced DIOD, represented as the ensemble mean of 10 simulations in POGA, accounts for one third of the total variance. The forced DIOD is triggered by anomalous Walker circulation in response to the TPDV and develops following Bjerknes feedback. Thermocline anomalies do not exhibit a propagating signal, indicating an absence of oceanic planetary wave adjustment in the subtropical Indian Ocean. The DIOD-TPDV correlation differs among the 10 simulations, with a low correlation corresponding to a strong internal DIOD independent of the TPDV. The variance of this internal DIOD depends on the background state in the Indian Ocean, modulated by the thermocline depth off Sumatra/Java.
文摘Background: Traditional treatment of axillary odour is the surgical removal of skin and subcutaneous tissue along the edge of the axillary hair in a fusiform shape, which requires the restriction of upper limb activity, has large scars and a high recurrence rate. Minimally invasive methods have developed in recent years. The subcutaneous trimming method with small incision reduces the incision compared to traditional incision, but still requires skin incision, which does not achieve true, minimally invasive treatment. Simple negative pressure suction is difficult to destroy the sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the dermis layer. Thus, we hypothesized that combination of three minimally invasive methods might be more effective. Objective: To explore the clinical effect of combined treatment of axillary osmidrosis by three minimally invasive methods of microwave, scraping & suction and scratching. Methods: From October 2015 to October 2020, 80 patients with underarm odor were enrolled and lacal swelling anesthetic was applied. Microwave was used to treat sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the dermis following the pores. The curettage-aspiration was used to scrape and suck the apocrine sweat glands in the subcutaneous fat layer and the junction between the subcutaneous fat and dermis. To achieve the purpose of minimally invasive and thorough treatment of underarm odor, the spoon scraped the remaining sweat gland tissue. Results: Among 80 patients on 160 sides, all cases (100.00%) were cured on 160 sides at 1 month post-operative follow-up, 75 cases (93.75%) were cured on 150 sides, 5 cases (6.25%) on 5 sides were ineffective at 6-month post-operative follow-up, 74 cases (92.50%) were cured on 148 sides, 6 cases (7.50%) on 5 sides were ineffective at 1-year post-operative follow-up. Complications occurred in 5 cases (6.25%) after operation: 2 cases (2.50%) with skin necrosis on 3 sides, 1 case (1.25%) with uneven skin on 2 sides, 1 case (1.25%) with axillary abscess on 2 sides, and 1 case (1.25%) with keloids on 2 sides. Conclusion: The combination of three minimally invasive methods of microwave, scraping & suction and scratching to treat underarm odor is simple operation, has high cure rate, quick postoperative recovery, and few complications. It is an effective method for minimally invasive and thorough treatment of underarm odor in clinic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173065,51932007,22278324,52073223,22262012 and U1905215)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710137)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2022CFA001).
文摘Photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production provides a clean and sustainable strategy for artificial photosynthesis.Herein,an inorganic/organic composite photocatalyst was fabricated by in-situ growth of CdS nanoparticles on the surface of resorcinol-formaldehyde(RF)resin spheres.RF spheres played multiple roles:(i)acting as a substrate for the growth of CdS and constructing a core-shell structure with seamless con-tact;(ⅱ)improving visible light absorption of CdS;(ⅲ)forming an S-scheme heterojunction with CdS and promoting the charge separation and transfer.Consequently,under visible light illumination,CdS/RF composite presented remarkably enhanced H_(2)O_(2)production activity.Its H_(2)O_(2)yield in 60 min was 801μmol L^(-1),which was 5.2 and 1.5 times higher than that of RF spheres and CdS hollow spheres,respectively.The charge migration between CdS and RF followed the S-scheme photocatalytic mechanism,which was verified by work function measurement,ex-situ and in-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.This work brings a novel insight into designing RF-based inorganic/organic S-scheme heterojunction pho-tocatalysts for efficient H_(2)O_(2)production.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0605901)Y.XIA and Y.Y.HU are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.41530423 and 41761144072)+4 种基金Y.XIA is supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(Grant No.2018M630027)Y.HUANG is supported by the Discovery Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada(Grant No.RGPIN 418305-13)the Team Research Project Program of the Fonds de RechercheNature et Technologies of Quebec(Grant No.PR-190145)J.P.LIU is supported by the Climate Observation and Earth System Science Divisions,Climate Program Office,NOAA,U.S.Department of Commerce(Grant Nos.NA15OAR4310163 and NA14OAR4310216)J.T.LIN is supported by the NSFC(Grant No.41775115)and the 973 program(Grant No.2014CB441303).
文摘Recent studies demonstrate that the Antarctic Ozone Hole has important influences on Antarctic sea ice.While most of these works have focused on effects associated with atmospheric and oceanic dynamic processes caused by stratospheric ozone changes,here we show that stratospheric ozone-induced cloud radiative effects also play important roles in causing changes in Antarctic sea ice.Our simulations demonstrate that the recovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole causes decreases in clouds over Southern Hemisphere(SH)high latitudes and increases in clouds over the SH extratropics.The decrease in clouds leads to a reduction in downward infrared radiation,especially in austral autumn.This results in cooling of the Southern Ocean surface and increasing Antarctic sea ice.Surface cooling also involves ice-albedo feedback.Increasing sea ice reflects solar radiation and causes further cooling and more increases in Antarctic sea ice.
文摘Research reactors with neutron fluxes higher than 10^(14) n cm^(−2) s^(−1) are widely used in nuclear fuel and material irradiation,neutron-based scientific research,and medical and industrial isotope production.Such high flux research reactors are not only important scientific research facilities for the development of nuclear energy but also represent the national comprehensive technical capability.China has several high flux research reactors that do not satisfy the requirements of nuclear energy development.A high flux research reactor has the following features:a compact core arrangement,high power density,plate-type fuel elements,a short refueling cycle,and high coolant velocity in the core.These characteristics make it difficult to simultaneously realize high neutron flux and optimal safety margin.A new multi-mission high flux research reactor was designed by the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology at Tsinghua University in China;the reactor can simul-taneously realize an average neutron flux higher than 2.0×10^(15) n cm^(−2) s^(−1) and fulfill the current safety criterion.This high flux research reactor features advanced design concepts and has sufficient safety margins according to the preliminary safety analysis.Based on the analysis of the station blackout accident,loss of coolant accident,and reactivity accident of a single-control drum rotating out accidently,the maximum temperature of the cladding surface,minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio,and temperature difference to the onset of nucleate boiling temperature satisfy the design limits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42175089,42121004 and 42142038).
文摘In this review,instead of summarizing all the advances and progress achieved in stratospheric research,the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions are summarized,and some outstanding issues and grand challenges are discussed.A consensus has been reached that the stratospheric state is an important source of improving the predictability of the troposphere on sub-seasonal to seasonal(S2S)time scales and beyond.However,applying stratospheric signals in operational S2S forecast models remains a challenge because of model deficiencies and the complexities of the underlying mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere coupling.Stratospheric chemistry,which controls the magnitude and distribution of many important climate-forcing agents,plays a critical role in global climate change.Convincing evidence has been found that stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery have caused significant tropospheric climate changes,and more recent studies have revealed that stratospheric ozone variations can even exert an impact on SSTs and sea ice.The climatic impacts of stratospheric aerosols and water vapor are also important.Although their quantitative contributions to radiative forcing have been reasonably well quantified,there still exist large uncertainties in their long-term impacts on climate.The advances and new levels of understanding presented in this review suggest that whole-atmosphere interactions need to be considered in future for a better and more thorough understanding of stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its role in climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11405025)
文摘The neutron-to-proton and3 H-to-3 He yield ratios, and the directed flows of particles dependent on a reduced rapidity, the transverse momentum per nucleon,and a reduced impact parameter are investigated for ^(28)S+^(28)Si and ^(32)S+^(28)Si systems at 50 and 400 MeV/u using an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model.The results show that these yield ratios of projectile-like fragments are approximately equal to the constituent neutron-to-proton ratio of the projectile. There are clear differences of the directed flows for isospin-related fragments neutron and proton,~3H and ~3He from ^(28)S+^(28)Si collisions.The differences in directed flows for neutrons and protons and ~3H–~3He from a proton-rich nucleus ^(28)S- induced collisions are noticeably larger than those from a stable nucleus ^(32)S- induced reactions under medium impact parameters. Thus, the yield ratios and differences in directed flows for the neutrons and protons and ~3H–~3He under medium impact parameters are proposed as possible observable items for studying isospin physics.
基金Funding for this work was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42122037,42105016,41975047).
文摘Excessive exposure to ultraviolet(UV)radiation harms humans and ecosystems.The level of surface UV radiation had increased due to declines in stratospheric ozone in the late 1970s in response to emissions of chlorofluorocarbons.Following the implementation of the Montreal Protocol,the stratospheric loading of chlorine/bromine peaked in the late 1990s and then decreased;subsequently,stratospheric ozone and surface UV radiation would be expected to recover and decrease,respectively.Here,we show,based on multiple data sources,that the May–September surface UV radiation in the tropics and Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes has undergone a statistically significant increasing trend[about 60.0 J m^(–2)(10 yr)^(–1)]at the 2σlevel for the period 2010–20,due to the onset of total column ozone(TCO)depletion[about−3.5 DU(10 yr)^(–1)].Further analysis shows that the declines in stratospheric ozone after 2010 could be related to an increase in stratospheric nitrogen oxides due to increasing emissions of the source gas nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).
