BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytoma and paragangliomas(PPGL)are rare neuroendocrine tumors usually caused by parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves,with an overall incidence of approximately 0.66 cases per 100000 people per y...BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytoma and paragangliomas(PPGL)are rare neuroendocrine tumors usually caused by parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves,with an overall incidence of approximately 0.66 cases per 100000 people per year.Most PPGLs are asymptomatic,and a few develop symptoms,such as elevated blood pressure and rapid heart rate,because of the release of catecholamines.According to the literature,surgical resection is the mainstay of PPGL treatment.However,the choice between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery remains controversial,particularly in cases involving complex anatomical relationships.We successfully resected a tumor located between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta using a minimally invasive approach with the assistance of computed tomography(CT)angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction,resulting in a favorable outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with right upper abdominal discomfort for more than 6 months,experiencing occasional pins and needles sensation and radiation from the right shoulder and back.Prehospital CT of the upper abdomen revealed a retroperitoneal mass suspected to be a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma.Surgery was recommended,and an enhanced CT scan of the upper abdomen,along with preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction,was performed after admission.The imaging indicated that the mass,measuring approximately 4.1 cm×3.8 cm×4.8 cm,was situated between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava,extending downward to the level of the left renal vein.After ruling out any contraindications to surgery,a minimally invasive laparoscopy was performed to excise the mass precisely.The surgery was successful without any postoperative complications,and the 2-month follow-up revealed no abnormal signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This case report describes successful and precise laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal tumor.The patient recovered well during the 2-month follow-up,and postoperative pathology revealed a paraganglioma.展开更多
The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temper...The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temperature(SST)changes using idealized SST patch experiments with a climate model.Our findings reveal that the SAV intensity is most sensitive to SST variations in the tropics and northern midlatitudes during boreal winter(December-January-February).Specifically,warming in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic leads to a weakening of the SAV,while warming in the tropical Indian Ocean,northern midlatitude Atlantic,and northwestern Pacific strengthens the SAV.Notably,the most substantial SAV weakening(strengthening)is triggered by warming in the tropical western Pacific(tropical central Indian Ocean),with a maximum magnitude of approximately 2.23 K K^(-1)(-1.77 K K^(-1)).The SST warming in the tropics influences the tropical convections,which excite Rossby wave trains.These wave trains can interfere with the climatological waves in the mid-high latitudes,while the SST warming in the northern midlatitudes can influence tropospheric planetary wavenumber-1 and wavenumber-2 directly.The changes in tropospheric planetary waves modulate the upward propagation of wave activities and impact the SAV intensity.Additionally,the response of the SAV to tropical SST changes,especially over the Indian Ocean and subtropics,exhibits significant nonlinearity.展开更多
Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recove...Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recovery are also worth discussing.This paper investigates the independent and joint influences of changes in global methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sea surface temperature(SST)on stratospheric O_(3)under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5 scenario in 2050 using sensitivity experiments with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,version4.Results show that,in the polar lower stratosphere,CH_(4)can reduce ODSs via chemical processes and further increase stratospheric O_(3)and temperature,which tends to reduce polar stratospheric clouds.This acts as positive feedback to O_(3)recovery.The increase of CH_(4)in the sensitivity experiments(CH_(4)is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5scenario)could lead to a polar O_(3)recovery of about 27.9 DU in the Arctic.Increased CO_(2)(CO_(2) is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5 scenario)can indirectly lead to a 6.5 DU increase in global total column O_(3)(TCO)through radiative effects,while the influence of SST on TCO in tropical regions can reach-3.3%.For the joint impact of CH_(4),CO_(2)and SST changes,CH_(4)can account for up to 69.0%of the TCO variations in the Antarctic region.Finally,we compare the effects of CH_(4)and ODSs on O_(3)in the polar regions in future experiments based on the RCP8.5 scenario.We find that ODSs are a dominant factor in O_(3)depletion in both poles;however,after 2040,the influence of increased CH_(4)on O_(3)recovery in the Arctic will surpass the effect of decreased ODSs.It implies that the future increase in CH_(4)may have an important impact on O_(3).展开更多
The canonical description of structures comprises two aspects:(1)basic structural elements and(2)arrangement pattern between those elements.This tidy description has been very successful and facilitates the developmen...The canonical description of structures comprises two aspects:(1)basic structural elements and(2)arrangement pattern between those elements.This tidy description has been very successful and facilitates the development of structural physics tremendously,enabling the classification,comparison and analysis of an extremely wide range of structures,including crystals,quasi-crystals,liquid crystals,semi-crystalline materials and so on.However,it has been gradually realized that many novel materials and devices exhibit random structures in which either basic elements or arrangement patterns may not exist.With the rapid development of modern advanced materials,this type of apparently random structure pops up frequently,leaving researchers struggling with how to describe,classify and quantitatively compare them.This paper proposes the utilization of statistical characteristics as the major indicators for the description of apparently random structures.Specifically,we have explored many statistical properties,including power spectral density,histograms,structural complexity,entropic complexity,autocorrelation,etc.,and found that autocorrelation may serve as a promising statistical proxy to distinguish similar-looking random structures.We discuss eight atomic force microscope images of random structures,demonstrating that autocorrelation can be used to distinguish them.In addition,14 more diverse datasets are used to support this conclusion,including atomic force microscopy images of polymers and non-polymers,transmission electron microscopy images of nanocomposite layers and scanning electron microscopy images of non-polymers.展开更多
目的:探索分化抑制因子(inhibitor of differentiation,ID)家族在慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)中的表达和启动子甲基化水平,并分析其临床意义。方法:应用定量PCR及定量甲基化特异性PCR的方法检测2010年1月至2017年12...目的:探索分化抑制因子(inhibitor of differentiation,ID)家族在慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)中的表达和启动子甲基化水平,并分析其临床意义。方法:应用定量PCR及定量甲基化特异性PCR的方法检测2010年1月至2017年12月期间江苏大学附属人民医院就诊的非恶性血液病患者(对照组)和CML患者骨髓单个核细胞中ID2/ID3/ID4表达及ID4启动子甲基化水平,通过分组分析ID家族异常的临床意义。结果:ID2及ID3表达在CML患者中均呈现显著上调(P<0.001,P<0.05),而ID4表达在CML患者中呈现显著下调(P<0.01)。其中,接受者操作特征曲线分析揭示ID2表达可作为CML鉴别的潜在分子标志物(AUC=0.895,P<0.001)。CML患者中ID4启动子高甲基化概率显著高于对照组患者(P=0.001),且ID4启动子甲基化与ID4表达呈现负相关(r=-0.424,P=0.002)。通过分组分析发现ID2高表达较易发生于男性患者中(P=0.040);ID4低表达/高甲基化较易发生于加速/急变期患者(P=0.003,P<0.001)。此外,CML加速/急变期患者ID4表达水平低于慢性期患者(P<0.001),而ID4甲基化水平高于慢性期患者(P<0.001)。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发现ID4高甲基化是CML患者疾病进展的独立危险因素(P=0.007)。结论:ID家族在CML患者中表达态势不同,其中ID2/ID3表达上调;而ID4表达下调,与ID4启动子高甲基化相关。ID4表达/甲基化与CML疾病进展相关,其中ID4甲基化可能是CML疾病进展的独立危险因素。展开更多
In this work,we searched for short-timescale variations of polarizations in five magnetars observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer.Only 4U 0142+61 showed an indication of variations of polarization degree(P...In this work,we searched for short-timescale variations of polarizations in five magnetars observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer.Only 4U 0142+61 showed an indication of variations of polarization degree(PD),with the significance of 3.0σbetween the highest and lowest PDs,though no significant changes were observed in the polarization angle and emission features during this process.1RXS J170849.0−40091,SGR 1806−20,1E 2259+586 and 1E 1841−045 remained stable within the error ranges.To verify these results,we also performed simulations assuming constant polarization over their observation period.The results indicated that the probability of the detected PD of 4U 0142+61,being due to statistical fluctuations is only 5.8%.However,we cannot rule out the possibility of statistical fluctuations for 4U 0142+61,if the observed PD variation is indeed a real physical phenomenon,which would be necessary to be confirmed in future observations.展开更多
Magnetic field and microorganisms are important factors influencing the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)of buried oil and gas pipelines. Once SCC occurs in buried pipelines, it will cause serious hazards to the soil env...Magnetic field and microorganisms are important factors influencing the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)of buried oil and gas pipelines. Once SCC occurs in buried pipelines, it will cause serious hazards to the soil environment. The SCC behavior of X80 pipeline steel under the magnetic field and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) environment was investigated by immersion tests, electrochemical tests, and slow strain rate tensile(SSRT) tests. The results showed that the corrosion and SCC sensitivity of X80 steel decreased with increasing the magnetic field strength in the sterile environment. The SCC sensitivity was higher in the biotic environment inoculated with SRB, but it also decreased with increasing magnetic field strength, which was due to the magnetic field reduces microbial activity and promotes the formation of dense film layer. This work provided theoretical guidance on the prevention of SCC in pipeline steel under magnetic field and SRB coexistence.展开更多
Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction provides a promising strategy for the alleviation of greenhouse effect and energy shortage problem.Metal single atom modification is an effective method to improve the CO_(2)reduction pe...Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction provides a promising strategy for the alleviation of greenhouse effect and energy shortage problem.Metal single atom modification is an effective method to improve the CO_(2)reduction performance of covalent organic framework(COF)photocatalysts,while the intrinsic mechanism is not revealed in depth.Herein,a Pt-COF photocatalytic system was constructed by embedding Pt single atom in TFPT-TMT-COF(TFPT:1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)-triazine,TMT:2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine).Based on density functional theory(DFT)calculation,the geometric structure and electronic property of Pt-COF were investigated,and the CO_(2)adsorption and reduction reaction process on Pt-COF were simulated.The results show that the Pt atom can be steadily anchored in COF via the formation of Pt-N and Pt-C bonds.Moreover,there is strong electronic interaction between Pt and COF.The incorporation of Pt atom benefits the CO_(2)reduction activity of COF from multiple aspects:(ⅰ)reducing the band gap and improving light absorption;(ⅱ)enhancing CO_(2)adsorption and activating the CO_(2)molecule;(ⅲ)decreasing the energy barrier in the hydrogenation step of CO_(2)→COOH,thus facilitating CO_(2)conversion to CO;(ⅳ)inhibiting the hydrogenation of CO,thereby increasing the selectivity of CO.This work brings a novel insight into the excellent CO_(2)reduction performance of Pt modified COF,and provides useful references for the design of single atom photocatalysts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of pr...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat.However,the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat(DHPM-CRC)in these“B and R”countries remain unknown.AIM To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the“B and R”countries from 1990 to 2019.METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC.Numbers and age-standardized rates(ASRs)of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were determined among the“B and R”countries in 1990 and 2019.Using joinpoint regression analysis,the average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDALR)from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade(2010–2019).RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among“B and R”countries,with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation,China,and Ukraine in 1990,and China,the Russian Federation,and Poland in 2019.The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019(all P<0.05).The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15[95%uncertainty interval(UI)665.74-5696.64]and 83249.31(95%UI 15628.64-151956.31)in China in 2019.However,the number of deaths(2627.57-2528.51)and DALYs(65867.39-55378.65)for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined.The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam,Southeast Asia,with an AAPC value of 3.90%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.63%-4.16%],whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan,Central Asia,with an AAPC value of-2.05%(95%CI:-2.37%to-1.73%).A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade(2010-2019)for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,North Africa,and the Middle East,as well as Central Europe,while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly(all P<0.05).The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females(all P<0.05).For those aged 50-74 years,the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend,except for 20 members,including 7 members in Central Asia,Maldives,and 12 high or high-middle social development index(SDI)members in other regions(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across“B and R”countries and threatens public health.Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in“B and R”countries via extensive collaboration.展开更多
As a vital type of light-absorbing aerosol,brown carbon(BrC)presents inherent associations with atmospheric photochemistry and climate change.However,the understanding of the chemical and optical properties of BrC is ...As a vital type of light-absorbing aerosol,brown carbon(BrC)presents inherent associations with atmospheric photochemistry and climate change.However,the understanding of the chemical and optical properties of BrC is limited,especially in some resource-dependent cities with long heating periods in northwest China.This study showed that the annual average abundances of Water-soluble BrC(WS-BrC)were 9.33±7.42 and 8.69±6.29μg/m^(3)in Baotou and Wuhai and the concentrations,absorption coefficient(Abs_(365)),and mass absorption efficiency(MAE365)of WS-BrC presented significant seasonal patterns,with high values in the heating season and low values in the non-heating season;while showing opposite seasonal trends for the Absorption Angstr?m exponent(AAE_(300-400)).Comparatively,the levels of WS-BrC in developing regions(such as cities in Asia)were higher than those in developed regions(such as cities in Europe and Australia),indicating the significant differences in energy consumption in these regions.By combining fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM)spectra with the parallel factor(PARAFAC)model,humic-like(C1 and C2)and proteinlike(C3)substances were identified,and accounted for 61.40%±4.66%and 38.6%±3.78%at Baotou,and 60.33%±6.29%and 39.67%±4.17%at Wuhai,respectively.The results of source apportionment suggested that the potential source regions of WS-BrC varied in heating vs.non-heating seasons and that the properties of WS-BrC significantly depended on primary emissions(e.g.,combustion emissions)and secondary formation.展开更多
Scattering experiments become increasingly popular in modern scientific research,including the areas of materials,biology,chemistry,physics,etc.Besides,various types of scattering facilities have been developed recent...Scattering experiments become increasingly popular in modern scientific research,including the areas of materials,biology,chemistry,physics,etc.Besides,various types of scattering facilities have been developed recently,such as labbased x-ray scattering equipment,national synchrotron facilities and large neutron facilities.These above-mentioned trends bring up fast-increasing data amounts of scattering data,as well as different scattering types(x-ray,neutron,laser and even microwaves).To help researchers process and analyze scattering data more efficiently,we developed a general and model-free scattering data analysis software based on matrix operation,which has the unique advantage of high throughput scattering data processing,analysis and visualization.To maximize generality and efficiency,data processing is performed based on a three-dimensional matrix,where scattering curves are saved as matrices or vectors,rather than the traditional definition of paired values.It can not only realize image batch processing,background subtraction and correction,but also analyze data according to scattering theory and model,such as radius of gyration,fractal dimension and other physical quantities.In the aspect of visualization,the software allows the modify the color maps of two-dimensional scattering images and the gradual color variation of one-dimensional curves to suit efficient data communications.In all,this new software can work as a stand-alone platform for researchers to process,analyze and visualize scattering data from different research facilities without considering different file types or formats.All codes in this manuscript are open-sourced and can be easily implemented in matrix-based software,such as MATLAB,Python and Igor.展开更多
In Na-ion batteries,O3-type layered oxide cathode materials encounter challenges such as particle cracking,oxygen loss,electrolyte side reactions,and multi-phase transitions during the charge/discharge process.This st...In Na-ion batteries,O3-type layered oxide cathode materials encounter challenges such as particle cracking,oxygen loss,electrolyte side reactions,and multi-phase transitions during the charge/discharge process.This study focuses on surface coating with NiTiO_(3) achieved via secondary heat treatment using a coating precursor and the surface material.Through in-situ x-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS),along with crystal structure characterizations of post-cycling materials,it was determined that the NiTiO_(3) coating layer facilitates the formation of a stable lattice structure,effectively inhibiting lattice oxygen loss and reducing side reaction with the electrolyte.This enhancement in cycling stability was evidenced by a capacity retention of approximately 74%over 300 cycles at 1 C,marking a significant 30%improvement over the initial sample.Furthermore,notable advancements in rate performance were observed.Experimental results indicate that a stable and robust surface structure substantially enhances the overall stability of the bulk phase,presenting a novel approach for designing layered oxide cathodes with higher energy density.展开更多
POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polar...POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polarimeter that is sensitive to soft X-rays(2-10 keV),called low-energy polarization detector.We have developed a new soft X-ray polari-zation detector prototype based on gas microchannel plates(GMCPs)and pixel chips(Topmetal).The GMCPs have bulk resistance,which prevents charging-up effects and ensures gain stability during operation.The detector is composed of low outgassing materials and is gas-sealed using a laser welding technique,ensuring long-term stability.A modulation factor of 41.28%±0.64% is obtained for a 4.5 keV polarized X-ray beam.A residual modulation of 1.96%±0.58% at 5.9 keV is observed for the entire sensitive area.展开更多
We present an analysis of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer observation from a newly discovered transient source:Swift J151857.0-572147.The obtained polarization degree(PD)and angle are 0.3%±0.3% and -24...We present an analysis of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer observation from a newly discovered transient source:Swift J151857.0-572147.The obtained polarization degree(PD)and angle are 0.3%±0.3% and -24°±26°respectively in 2-8 keV within 68%confidence level errors,and polarization results are below MDP99in all energy bins,with the upper limit on PD of 0.8% in the 2-8 keV energy range.No quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)are detected in this observation.The polarization and QPO analyses support the hypothesis that the source was in the high soft state,and the results are consistent with predictions for a thin accretion disk model.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infan...<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants in China still needs to be improved at present, and the factors affecting breastfeeding are different in different places. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the current status and influencing factors of preterm infants breastfeeding in Jingzhou 3A hospitals. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect breastfeeding information of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May to August in 2019 in Jingzhou 3A Hospital, and 152 premature infants’ related information were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the mothers who failed to breastfeed. <strong>Results: </strong>The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among premature infants in NICU was 9.87%. The rates of first breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were 13.16% and 32.89% respectively. Not producing enough milk and knowing the right way to pump breast milk contributed a lot to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>More attention should be paid to the health education and management to improve the rate of breastfeeding in NICU.展开更多
A robust decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability （DIOD） is identified in observations and found to be related to tropical Pacific decadal variability （TPDV）. A Pacific Ocean-global atmosphere （POGA） experiment,...A robust decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability （DIOD） is identified in observations and found to be related to tropical Pacific decadal variability （TPDV）. A Pacific Ocean-global atmosphere （POGA） experiment, with fixed radiative forcing, is conducted to evaluate the DIOD variability and its relationship with the TPDV. In this experiment, the sea surface temperature anomalies are restored to observations over the tropical Pacific, but left as interactive with the atmosphere elsewhere. The TPDV-forced DIOD, represented as the ensemble mean of 10 simulations in POGA, accounts for one third of the total variance. The forced DIOD is triggered by anomalous Walker circulation in response to the TPDV and develops following Bjerknes feedback. Thermocline anomalies do not exhibit a propagating signal, indicating an absence of oceanic planetary wave adjustment in the subtropical Indian Ocean. The DIOD-TPDV correlation differs among the 10 simulations, with a low correlation corresponding to a strong internal DIOD independent of the TPDV. The variance of this internal DIOD depends on the background state in the Indian Ocean, modulated by the thermocline depth off Sumatra/Java.展开更多
Background: Traditional treatment of axillary odour is the surgical removal of skin and subcutaneous tissue along the edge of the axillary hair in a fusiform shape, which requires the restriction of upper limb activit...Background: Traditional treatment of axillary odour is the surgical removal of skin and subcutaneous tissue along the edge of the axillary hair in a fusiform shape, which requires the restriction of upper limb activity, has large scars and a high recurrence rate. Minimally invasive methods have developed in recent years. The subcutaneous trimming method with small incision reduces the incision compared to traditional incision, but still requires skin incision, which does not achieve true, minimally invasive treatment. Simple negative pressure suction is difficult to destroy the sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the dermis layer. Thus, we hypothesized that combination of three minimally invasive methods might be more effective. Objective: To explore the clinical effect of combined treatment of axillary osmidrosis by three minimally invasive methods of microwave, scraping & suction and scratching. Methods: From October 2015 to October 2020, 80 patients with underarm odor were enrolled and lacal swelling anesthetic was applied. Microwave was used to treat sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the dermis following the pores. The curettage-aspiration was used to scrape and suck the apocrine sweat glands in the subcutaneous fat layer and the junction between the subcutaneous fat and dermis. To achieve the purpose of minimally invasive and thorough treatment of underarm odor, the spoon scraped the remaining sweat gland tissue. Results: Among 80 patients on 160 sides, all cases (100.00%) were cured on 160 sides at 1 month post-operative follow-up, 75 cases (93.75%) were cured on 150 sides, 5 cases (6.25%) on 5 sides were ineffective at 6-month post-operative follow-up, 74 cases (92.50%) were cured on 148 sides, 6 cases (7.50%) on 5 sides were ineffective at 1-year post-operative follow-up. Complications occurred in 5 cases (6.25%) after operation: 2 cases (2.50%) with skin necrosis on 3 sides, 1 case (1.25%) with uneven skin on 2 sides, 1 case (1.25%) with axillary abscess on 2 sides, and 1 case (1.25%) with keloids on 2 sides. Conclusion: The combination of three minimally invasive methods of microwave, scraping & suction and scratching to treat underarm odor is simple operation, has high cure rate, quick postoperative recovery, and few complications. It is an effective method for minimally invasive and thorough treatment of underarm odor in clinic.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytoma and paragangliomas(PPGL)are rare neuroendocrine tumors usually caused by parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves,with an overall incidence of approximately 0.66 cases per 100000 people per year.Most PPGLs are asymptomatic,and a few develop symptoms,such as elevated blood pressure and rapid heart rate,because of the release of catecholamines.According to the literature,surgical resection is the mainstay of PPGL treatment.However,the choice between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery remains controversial,particularly in cases involving complex anatomical relationships.We successfully resected a tumor located between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta using a minimally invasive approach with the assistance of computed tomography(CT)angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction,resulting in a favorable outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with right upper abdominal discomfort for more than 6 months,experiencing occasional pins and needles sensation and radiation from the right shoulder and back.Prehospital CT of the upper abdomen revealed a retroperitoneal mass suspected to be a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma.Surgery was recommended,and an enhanced CT scan of the upper abdomen,along with preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction,was performed after admission.The imaging indicated that the mass,measuring approximately 4.1 cm×3.8 cm×4.8 cm,was situated between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava,extending downward to the level of the left renal vein.After ruling out any contraindications to surgery,a minimally invasive laparoscopy was performed to excise the mass precisely.The surgery was successful without any postoperative complications,and the 2-month follow-up revealed no abnormal signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This case report describes successful and precise laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal tumor.The patient recovered well during the 2-month follow-up,and postoperative pathology revealed a paraganglioma.
基金the financial support of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0801701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42375070)。
文摘The stratospheric Arctic vortex(SAV)plays a critical role in forecasting cold winters in the northern midlatitudes.In this study,we systematically examined the responses of SAV intensity to regional sea surface temperature(SST)changes using idealized SST patch experiments with a climate model.Our findings reveal that the SAV intensity is most sensitive to SST variations in the tropics and northern midlatitudes during boreal winter(December-January-February).Specifically,warming in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic leads to a weakening of the SAV,while warming in the tropical Indian Ocean,northern midlatitude Atlantic,and northwestern Pacific strengthens the SAV.Notably,the most substantial SAV weakening(strengthening)is triggered by warming in the tropical western Pacific(tropical central Indian Ocean),with a maximum magnitude of approximately 2.23 K K^(-1)(-1.77 K K^(-1)).The SST warming in the tropics influences the tropical convections,which excite Rossby wave trains.These wave trains can interfere with the climatological waves in the mid-high latitudes,while the SST warming in the northern midlatitudes can influence tropospheric planetary wavenumber-1 and wavenumber-2 directly.The changes in tropospheric planetary waves modulate the upward propagation of wave activities and impact the SAV intensity.Additionally,the response of the SAV to tropical SST changes,especially over the Indian Ocean and subtropics,exhibits significant nonlinearity.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42122037,42375070 and 42275084)。
文摘Due to the control of ozone(O_(3))-depleting substances(ODSs),it is believed that stratospheric O_(3)will recover in the future.However,in the context of global change,the contributions of other factors to O_(3)recovery are also worth discussing.This paper investigates the independent and joint influences of changes in global methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sea surface temperature(SST)on stratospheric O_(3)under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5 scenario in 2050 using sensitivity experiments with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,version4.Results show that,in the polar lower stratosphere,CH_(4)can reduce ODSs via chemical processes and further increase stratospheric O_(3)and temperature,which tends to reduce polar stratospheric clouds.This acts as positive feedback to O_(3)recovery.The increase of CH_(4)in the sensitivity experiments(CH_(4)is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5scenario)could lead to a polar O_(3)recovery of about 27.9 DU in the Arctic.Increased CO_(2)(CO_(2) is adjusted to match the 2050 levels under the RCP8.5 scenario)can indirectly lead to a 6.5 DU increase in global total column O_(3)(TCO)through radiative effects,while the influence of SST on TCO in tropical regions can reach-3.3%.For the joint impact of CH_(4),CO_(2)and SST changes,CH_(4)can account for up to 69.0%of the TCO variations in the Antarctic region.Finally,we compare the effects of CH_(4)and ODSs on O_(3)in the polar regions in future experiments based on the RCP8.5 scenario.We find that ODSs are a dominant factor in O_(3)depletion in both poles;however,after 2040,the influence of increased CH_(4)on O_(3)recovery in the Arctic will surpass the effect of decreased ODSs.It implies that the future increase in CH_(4)may have an important impact on O_(3).
基金supported by the School Important Direction Project Cultivation Fund and Key Fund Project for Youth Innovation(Grant Nos.WK2310000101,YD2310002006,and BJ2310000055).
文摘The canonical description of structures comprises two aspects:(1)basic structural elements and(2)arrangement pattern between those elements.This tidy description has been very successful and facilitates the development of structural physics tremendously,enabling the classification,comparison and analysis of an extremely wide range of structures,including crystals,quasi-crystals,liquid crystals,semi-crystalline materials and so on.However,it has been gradually realized that many novel materials and devices exhibit random structures in which either basic elements or arrangement patterns may not exist.With the rapid development of modern advanced materials,this type of apparently random structure pops up frequently,leaving researchers struggling with how to describe,classify and quantitatively compare them.This paper proposes the utilization of statistical characteristics as the major indicators for the description of apparently random structures.Specifically,we have explored many statistical properties,including power spectral density,histograms,structural complexity,entropic complexity,autocorrelation,etc.,and found that autocorrelation may serve as a promising statistical proxy to distinguish similar-looking random structures.We discuss eight atomic force microscope images of random structures,demonstrating that autocorrelation can be used to distinguish them.In addition,14 more diverse datasets are used to support this conclusion,including atomic force microscopy images of polymers and non-polymers,transmission electron microscopy images of nanocomposite layers and scanning electron microscopy images of non-polymers.
文摘目的:探索分化抑制因子(inhibitor of differentiation,ID)家族在慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)中的表达和启动子甲基化水平,并分析其临床意义。方法:应用定量PCR及定量甲基化特异性PCR的方法检测2010年1月至2017年12月期间江苏大学附属人民医院就诊的非恶性血液病患者(对照组)和CML患者骨髓单个核细胞中ID2/ID3/ID4表达及ID4启动子甲基化水平,通过分组分析ID家族异常的临床意义。结果:ID2及ID3表达在CML患者中均呈现显著上调(P<0.001,P<0.05),而ID4表达在CML患者中呈现显著下调(P<0.01)。其中,接受者操作特征曲线分析揭示ID2表达可作为CML鉴别的潜在分子标志物(AUC=0.895,P<0.001)。CML患者中ID4启动子高甲基化概率显著高于对照组患者(P=0.001),且ID4启动子甲基化与ID4表达呈现负相关(r=-0.424,P=0.002)。通过分组分析发现ID2高表达较易发生于男性患者中(P=0.040);ID4低表达/高甲基化较易发生于加速/急变期患者(P=0.003,P<0.001)。此外,CML加速/急变期患者ID4表达水平低于慢性期患者(P<0.001),而ID4甲基化水平高于慢性期患者(P<0.001)。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发现ID4高甲基化是CML患者疾病进展的独立危险因素(P=0.007)。结论:ID家族在CML患者中表达态势不同,其中ID2/ID3表达上调;而ID4表达下调,与ID4启动子高甲基化相关。ID4表达/甲基化与CML疾病进展相关,其中ID4甲基化可能是CML疾病进展的独立危险因素。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant Nos.2023YFE0117200 and 2021YFA0718500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.12373041,12422306,12333007 and 12373051)+5 种基金the Program of Bagui Scholars Program(XF)supported by the Guangxi Talent Program(“Highland of Innovation Talents”)supported by the Italian Space Agency(Agenzia Spaziale Italiana,ASI)through contract ASI-INAF-2022-19-HH.0by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica(INAF)in Italypartially supported by MAECI with grant CN24GR08“GRBAXP:Guangxi-Rome Bilateral Agreement for X-ray Polarimetry in Astrophysics.”supported by Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(grant No.YCBZ2025065).
文摘In this work,we searched for short-timescale variations of polarizations in five magnetars observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer.Only 4U 0142+61 showed an indication of variations of polarization degree(PD),with the significance of 3.0σbetween the highest and lowest PDs,though no significant changes were observed in the polarization angle and emission features during this process.1RXS J170849.0−40091,SGR 1806−20,1E 2259+586 and 1E 1841−045 remained stable within the error ranges.To verify these results,we also performed simulations assuming constant polarization over their observation period.The results indicated that the probability of the detected PD of 4U 0142+61,being due to statistical fluctuations is only 5.8%.However,we cannot rule out the possibility of statistical fluctuations for 4U 0142+61,if the observed PD variation is indeed a real physical phenomenon,which would be necessary to be confirmed in future observations.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 52274062)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant numbers 2022-MS-362)。
文摘Magnetic field and microorganisms are important factors influencing the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)of buried oil and gas pipelines. Once SCC occurs in buried pipelines, it will cause serious hazards to the soil environment. The SCC behavior of X80 pipeline steel under the magnetic field and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) environment was investigated by immersion tests, electrochemical tests, and slow strain rate tensile(SSRT) tests. The results showed that the corrosion and SCC sensitivity of X80 steel decreased with increasing the magnetic field strength in the sterile environment. The SCC sensitivity was higher in the biotic environment inoculated with SRB, but it also decreased with increasing magnetic field strength, which was due to the magnetic field reduces microbial activity and promotes the formation of dense film layer. This work provided theoretical guidance on the prevention of SCC in pipeline steel under magnetic field and SRB coexistence.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFE0115900 and 2022YFB3803600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173065,51932007,22261142666 and 22238009)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710137)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2022CFA001).
文摘Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction provides a promising strategy for the alleviation of greenhouse effect and energy shortage problem.Metal single atom modification is an effective method to improve the CO_(2)reduction performance of covalent organic framework(COF)photocatalysts,while the intrinsic mechanism is not revealed in depth.Herein,a Pt-COF photocatalytic system was constructed by embedding Pt single atom in TFPT-TMT-COF(TFPT:1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)-triazine,TMT:2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine).Based on density functional theory(DFT)calculation,the geometric structure and electronic property of Pt-COF were investigated,and the CO_(2)adsorption and reduction reaction process on Pt-COF were simulated.The results show that the Pt atom can be steadily anchored in COF via the formation of Pt-N and Pt-C bonds.Moreover,there is strong electronic interaction between Pt and COF.The incorporation of Pt atom benefits the CO_(2)reduction activity of COF from multiple aspects:(ⅰ)reducing the band gap and improving light absorption;(ⅱ)enhancing CO_(2)adsorption and activating the CO_(2)molecule;(ⅲ)decreasing the energy barrier in the hydrogenation step of CO_(2)→COOH,thus facilitating CO_(2)conversion to CO;(ⅳ)inhibiting the hydrogenation of CO,thereby increasing the selectivity of CO.This work brings a novel insight into the excellent CO_(2)reduction performance of Pt modified COF,and provides useful references for the design of single atom photocatalysts.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260532,and No.32060208.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat.However,the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat(DHPM-CRC)in these“B and R”countries remain unknown.AIM To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the“B and R”countries from 1990 to 2019.METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC.Numbers and age-standardized rates(ASRs)of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were determined among the“B and R”countries in 1990 and 2019.Using joinpoint regression analysis,the average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDALR)from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade(2010–2019).RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among“B and R”countries,with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation,China,and Ukraine in 1990,and China,the Russian Federation,and Poland in 2019.The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019(all P<0.05).The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15[95%uncertainty interval(UI)665.74-5696.64]and 83249.31(95%UI 15628.64-151956.31)in China in 2019.However,the number of deaths(2627.57-2528.51)and DALYs(65867.39-55378.65)for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined.The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam,Southeast Asia,with an AAPC value of 3.90%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.63%-4.16%],whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan,Central Asia,with an AAPC value of-2.05%(95%CI:-2.37%to-1.73%).A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade(2010-2019)for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,North Africa,and the Middle East,as well as Central Europe,while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly(all P<0.05).The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females(all P<0.05).For those aged 50-74 years,the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend,except for 20 members,including 7 members in Central Asia,Maldives,and 12 high or high-middle social development index(SDI)members in other regions(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across“B and R”countries and threatens public health.Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in“B and R”countries via extensive collaboration.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(No.21800-5173909)the Science and Technology Major Project on Air Pollution Prevention and Prediction in Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos Cities Group of Inner Mongolia(No.2020ZD0013)+1 种基金the Young Scientific&Technological Leading Talent Program of Inner Mongolia(No.NJYT2022092)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Inner Mongolia(No.2019JQ05)。
文摘As a vital type of light-absorbing aerosol,brown carbon(BrC)presents inherent associations with atmospheric photochemistry and climate change.However,the understanding of the chemical and optical properties of BrC is limited,especially in some resource-dependent cities with long heating periods in northwest China.This study showed that the annual average abundances of Water-soluble BrC(WS-BrC)were 9.33±7.42 and 8.69±6.29μg/m^(3)in Baotou and Wuhai and the concentrations,absorption coefficient(Abs_(365)),and mass absorption efficiency(MAE365)of WS-BrC presented significant seasonal patterns,with high values in the heating season and low values in the non-heating season;while showing opposite seasonal trends for the Absorption Angstr?m exponent(AAE_(300-400)).Comparatively,the levels of WS-BrC in developing regions(such as cities in Asia)were higher than those in developed regions(such as cities in Europe and Australia),indicating the significant differences in energy consumption in these regions.By combining fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM)spectra with the parallel factor(PARAFAC)model,humic-like(C1 and C2)and proteinlike(C3)substances were identified,and accounted for 61.40%±4.66%and 38.6%±3.78%at Baotou,and 60.33%±6.29%and 39.67%±4.17%at Wuhai,respectively.The results of source apportionment suggested that the potential source regions of WS-BrC varied in heating vs.non-heating seasons and that the properties of WS-BrC significantly depended on primary emissions(e.g.,combustion emissions)and secondary formation.
基金Project supported by School Project Cultivation Fund(Grant No.WK2310000101)。
文摘Scattering experiments become increasingly popular in modern scientific research,including the areas of materials,biology,chemistry,physics,etc.Besides,various types of scattering facilities have been developed recently,such as labbased x-ray scattering equipment,national synchrotron facilities and large neutron facilities.These above-mentioned trends bring up fast-increasing data amounts of scattering data,as well as different scattering types(x-ray,neutron,laser and even microwaves).To help researchers process and analyze scattering data more efficiently,we developed a general and model-free scattering data analysis software based on matrix operation,which has the unique advantage of high throughput scattering data processing,analysis and visualization.To maximize generality and efficiency,data processing is performed based on a three-dimensional matrix,where scattering curves are saved as matrices or vectors,rather than the traditional definition of paired values.It can not only realize image batch processing,background subtraction and correction,but also analyze data according to scattering theory and model,such as radius of gyration,fractal dimension and other physical quantities.In the aspect of visualization,the software allows the modify the color maps of two-dimensional scattering images and the gradual color variation of one-dimensional curves to suit efficient data communications.In all,this new software can work as a stand-alone platform for researchers to process,analyze and visualize scattering data from different research facilities without considering different file types or formats.All codes in this manuscript are open-sourced and can be easily implemented in matrix-based software,such as MATLAB,Python and Igor.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2022YFB2402500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52122214,92372116,and 52394174)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.2020006)Jiangsu Province Carbon Peak and Neutrality Innovation Program (Industry tackling on prospect and key technology BE2022002-5)Guangxi Power Grid Project (Grant No.GXKJXM20210260)。
文摘In Na-ion batteries,O3-type layered oxide cathode materials encounter challenges such as particle cracking,oxygen loss,electrolyte side reactions,and multi-phase transitions during the charge/discharge process.This study focuses on surface coating with NiTiO_(3) achieved via secondary heat treatment using a coating precursor and the surface material.Through in-situ x-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS),along with crystal structure characterizations of post-cycling materials,it was determined that the NiTiO_(3) coating layer facilitates the formation of a stable lattice structure,effectively inhibiting lattice oxygen loss and reducing side reaction with the electrolyte.This enhancement in cycling stability was evidenced by a capacity retention of approximately 74%over 300 cycles at 1 C,marking a significant 30%improvement over the initial sample.Furthermore,notable advancements in rate performance were observed.Experimental results indicate that a stable and robust surface structure substantially enhances the overall stability of the bulk phase,presenting a novel approach for designing layered oxide cathodes with higher energy density.
基金supported by Department of Physics and GXUNAOC Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences,Guangxi UniversityThe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12027803,U1731239,12133003,12175241,U1938201,U1732266)the Guangxi Science Foundation(Nos.2018GXNSFGA281007,2018JJA110048).
文摘POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polarimeter that is sensitive to soft X-rays(2-10 keV),called low-energy polarization detector.We have developed a new soft X-ray polari-zation detector prototype based on gas microchannel plates(GMCPs)and pixel chips(Topmetal).The GMCPs have bulk resistance,which prevents charging-up effects and ensures gain stability during operation.The detector is composed of low outgassing materials and is gas-sealed using a laser welding technique,ensuring long-term stability.A modulation factor of 41.28%±0.64% is obtained for a 4.5 keV polarized X-ray beam.A residual modulation of 1.96%±0.58% at 5.9 keV is observed for the entire sensitive area.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2023YFE0117200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.12373041 and 12373051)+1 种基金special funding for Guangxi distinguished professors(Bagui Xuezhe)the Guangxi Talent Program(Highland of Innovation Talents)。
文摘We present an analysis of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer observation from a newly discovered transient source:Swift J151857.0-572147.The obtained polarization degree(PD)and angle are 0.3%±0.3% and -24°±26°respectively in 2-8 keV within 68%confidence level errors,and polarization results are below MDP99in all energy bins,with the upper limit on PD of 0.8% in the 2-8 keV energy range.No quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)are detected in this observation.The polarization and QPO analyses support the hypothesis that the source was in the high soft state,and the results are consistent with predictions for a thin accretion disk model.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants in China still needs to be improved at present, and the factors affecting breastfeeding are different in different places. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the current status and influencing factors of preterm infants breastfeeding in Jingzhou 3A hospitals. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect breastfeeding information of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May to August in 2019 in Jingzhou 3A Hospital, and 152 premature infants’ related information were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the mothers who failed to breastfeed. <strong>Results: </strong>The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among premature infants in NICU was 9.87%. The rates of first breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were 13.16% and 32.89% respectively. Not producing enough milk and knowing the right way to pump breast milk contributed a lot to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>More attention should be paid to the health education and management to improve the rate of breastfeeding in NICU.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0601803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project(41606008,41525019)+3 种基金the State Oceanic Administration of China(GASI-IPOVAI-02)the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.LTO1603)the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science[Grantin-Aid for Young Scientists(A)JP15H05466]and the Japanese Ministry of Environment(Environment Research and Technology Development Fund 2-1503)
文摘A robust decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability （DIOD） is identified in observations and found to be related to tropical Pacific decadal variability （TPDV）. A Pacific Ocean-global atmosphere （POGA） experiment, with fixed radiative forcing, is conducted to evaluate the DIOD variability and its relationship with the TPDV. In this experiment, the sea surface temperature anomalies are restored to observations over the tropical Pacific, but left as interactive with the atmosphere elsewhere. The TPDV-forced DIOD, represented as the ensemble mean of 10 simulations in POGA, accounts for one third of the total variance. The forced DIOD is triggered by anomalous Walker circulation in response to the TPDV and develops following Bjerknes feedback. Thermocline anomalies do not exhibit a propagating signal, indicating an absence of oceanic planetary wave adjustment in the subtropical Indian Ocean. The DIOD-TPDV correlation differs among the 10 simulations, with a low correlation corresponding to a strong internal DIOD independent of the TPDV. The variance of this internal DIOD depends on the background state in the Indian Ocean, modulated by the thermocline depth off Sumatra/Java.
文摘Background: Traditional treatment of axillary odour is the surgical removal of skin and subcutaneous tissue along the edge of the axillary hair in a fusiform shape, which requires the restriction of upper limb activity, has large scars and a high recurrence rate. Minimally invasive methods have developed in recent years. The subcutaneous trimming method with small incision reduces the incision compared to traditional incision, but still requires skin incision, which does not achieve true, minimally invasive treatment. Simple negative pressure suction is difficult to destroy the sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the dermis layer. Thus, we hypothesized that combination of three minimally invasive methods might be more effective. Objective: To explore the clinical effect of combined treatment of axillary osmidrosis by three minimally invasive methods of microwave, scraping & suction and scratching. Methods: From October 2015 to October 2020, 80 patients with underarm odor were enrolled and lacal swelling anesthetic was applied. Microwave was used to treat sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the dermis following the pores. The curettage-aspiration was used to scrape and suck the apocrine sweat glands in the subcutaneous fat layer and the junction between the subcutaneous fat and dermis. To achieve the purpose of minimally invasive and thorough treatment of underarm odor, the spoon scraped the remaining sweat gland tissue. Results: Among 80 patients on 160 sides, all cases (100.00%) were cured on 160 sides at 1 month post-operative follow-up, 75 cases (93.75%) were cured on 150 sides, 5 cases (6.25%) on 5 sides were ineffective at 6-month post-operative follow-up, 74 cases (92.50%) were cured on 148 sides, 6 cases (7.50%) on 5 sides were ineffective at 1-year post-operative follow-up. Complications occurred in 5 cases (6.25%) after operation: 2 cases (2.50%) with skin necrosis on 3 sides, 1 case (1.25%) with uneven skin on 2 sides, 1 case (1.25%) with axillary abscess on 2 sides, and 1 case (1.25%) with keloids on 2 sides. Conclusion: The combination of three minimally invasive methods of microwave, scraping & suction and scratching to treat underarm odor is simple operation, has high cure rate, quick postoperative recovery, and few complications. It is an effective method for minimally invasive and thorough treatment of underarm odor in clinic.
